The double-differential production cross-section of positive pions, , measured in the HARP experiment is presented. The incident particles are 8.9 GeV/c protons directed onto a beryllium target with ...a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The measured cross-section has a direct impact on the prediction of neutrino fluxes for the MiniBooNE and SciBooNE experiments at Fermilab. After cuts, 13 million protons on target produced about 96000 reconstructed secondary tracks which were used in this analysis. Cross-section results are presented in the kinematic range 0.75 GeV/c≤pπ≤ 6.5 GeV/c and 30 mrad≤θπ≤ 210 mrad in the laboratory frame.
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DOBA, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Epiphytic lichens have long been used as ecological indicators. Lichen biomonitoring surveys were carried out by five experienced teams and the results compared across the entire process, from ...sampling design planning to species counting. The five teams received the same background information and worked in parallel but independently in the same area. European standard operating procedures (SOPs), which are still in preparation, were followed in order to identify possible critical issues and improve consistency. Five exercises with progressive reduction in the degree of operational freedom were carried out by the teams. The results revealed differences between teams on each exercise and showed that investigations run by different teams in the same area and at the same time may not be entirely comparable. This was partly due to inherent differences between crews (skills, familiarity with local flora, and accuracy in applying SOPs), partly to ambiguities in the SOPs, and partly to insufficient training with the SOPs. The results may be valuable in improving biomonitoring procedures and in achieving high-quality, consistent lichen diversity data.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Objectives Reconstructive surgery plays an important role in cosmetic and functional results of major excisional surgery performed as a treatment for invasive vulvar cancer. Traditional ...techniques – gracilis myocutaneous o rectus abdominis flaps – have several limits. We describe here a different surgical approach that we have used since 1998 in an effort to obtain better results in vulvar reconstruction. Methods From January 1998 to June 2007, thirty three patients who underwent excisional radical surgery for invasive vulvar tumors, were treated with vulvar reconstruction using the gluteal fold fascio-cutaneous local flap. Flaps were designed along the gluteal fold in adequate length and size. They were oval or triangular in shape depending on the defect they were supposed to cover. The flaps – which always included the fascial layer – were raised up to identify a perforator branch of the internal pudendal artery and then harvested as an island flap to achieve better mobility. Results We had no major complications, only two patients presented marginal necrosis and eight patients experienced significant seromas. Advantages over the alternative techniques included reduced dimensions of scars, absence of flap liponecrosis, no need of modifying patient's position on the surgical table, and very limited blood loss. Conclusions We conclude that gluteal fold flap offers excellent cosmetic and functional results with a low complication rate. Therefore we support the gluteal fold flap as a valid surgical option whenever reconstruction is needed after radical excision of vulvar neoplasms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Measurements of the double-differential {pi}{sup {+-}} production cross section in the range of momentum 100{<=}p{<=}800 MeV/c and angle 0.35{<=}{theta}{<=}2.15 rad using {pi}{sup {+-}} beams ...incident on beryllium, aluminum, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum, and lead targets are presented. The data were taken with the large-acceptance hadron production (HARP) detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 to 12.9GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross sections d{sup 2}{sigma}/dp d{theta} at six incident-beam momenta. Data at 3,5,8, and 12GeV/c are available for all targets, while additional data at 8.9 and 12.9GeV/c were taken in positive particle beams on Be and Al targets, respectively. The measurements are compared with several generators of GEANT4 and the MARS Monte Carlo simulation.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
The CHORUS experiment, designed to search for νμ→ντ oscillations, consists of a nuclear emulsion target and electronic detectors. In this paper, results on the production of charged particles in a ...small sample of charged-current neutrino– and anti-neutrino–nucleus interactions at high energy are presented. For each event, the emission angle and the ionization features of the charged particles produced in the interaction are recorded, while the standard kinematic variables are reconstructed using the electronic detectors. The average multiplicities for charged tracks, the pseudo-rapidity distributions, the dispersion in the multiplicity of charged particles and the KNO scaling are studied in different kinematical regions. A study of quasi-elastic topologies performed for the first time in nuclear emulsions is also reported. The results are presented in a form suitable for use in the validation of Monte Carlo generators of neutrino–nucleus interactions.
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DOBA, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
After completion of the data taking for the νμ→ντ oscillation search, the CHORUS lead–scintillator calorimeter was used in the 1998 run as an active target. High-statistics samples of charged-current ...interactions were collected in the CERN SPS west area neutrino beam. This beam contained predominantly muon (anti-)neutrinos from sign-selected pions and kaons. We measure the flux and energy spectrum of the incident neutrinos and compare them with beam simulations. The neutrino–nucleon and anti-neutrino–nucleon differential cross-sections are measured in the range 0.01<x<0.7, 0.05<y<0.95, 10<Eν<200 GeV. We extract the neutrino–nucleon structure functions F2(x,Q2), xF3(x,Q2), and R(x,Q2) and compare these with results from other experiments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
From 1994 to 1997, the emulsion target of the CHORUS detector was exposed to the wideband neutrino beam of the CERN SPS. In total about 100 000 charged-current neutrino interactions were located in ...the nuclear emulsion target and fully reconstructed. From this sample of events based on the data acquired by new automatic scanning systems, 2013 charm-decay events were selected by a pattern recognition program. They were confirmed as decays through visual inspection. Based on these events, the effective branching ratio of charmed particles into muons was determined to be B¯μ=7.3±0.8(stat)±0.2(syst)×10−2. In addition, the muonic branching ratios are presented for dominating charm-decay topologies. Normalization of the muonic decays to charged-current interactions provides σμ−μ+/σcc=3.16±0.34(stat)±0.09(syst)×10−3. Selecting only events with visible energy greater than 30 GeV gives a value of B¯μ that is less affected by the charm production threshold and quasi-elastic Λc+ production. Combining this value with the current average of B¯μ×|Vcd|2 at the leading order yields the value of |Vcd|LO=0.236±0.016.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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