We discuss the science motivations and prospects for a joint analysis of gravitational wave (GW) and low-energy neutrino data to search for prompt signals from nearby supernovae (SNe). Both ...gravitational wave and low-energy neutrinos are expected to be produced in the innermost region of a core-collapse supernova, and a search for coincident signals would probe the processes which power a supernova explosion. It is estimated that the current generation of neutrino and gravitational wave detectors would be sensitive to galactic core-collapse supernovae, and would also be able to detect electromagnetically dark SNe. A joint GW-neutrino search would enable improvements to searches by way of lower detection thresholds, larger distance range, better live-time coverage by a network of GW and neutrino detectors, and increased significance of candidate detections. A close collaboration between the GW and neutrino communities for such a search will thus go far toward realizing a much sought-after astrophysics goal of detecting the next nearby supernova.
The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of pulmonary embolism incidentally detected on routine MDCT of the chest and to determine whether the use of wide window settings can improve ...detection of unsuspected pulmonary embolism.
A retrospective review of routine contrast-enhanced MDCT scans of the chest obtained in 589 patients was undertaken. CT angiograms obtained for suspected pulmonary embolism or thoracic aorta disease were not considered. Image evaluation was performed on a dedicated workstation during two separate review sessions using different window settings: standard, with a width of 400 H and level of 40 H; and wide, with a width of 600 H and level of 100-150 H. The quality of vascular enhancement was recorded.
Eight examinations were excluded because of poor quality. Unsuspected pulmonary embolism was present in 20 (3.4%) of 581 patients with an inpatient prevalence of 4.0% (19/474) and outpatient prevalence of 0.9% (1/107). Fourteen patients (70.0%) with unsuspected pulmonary embolism had cancer. The proximal extent of pulmonary embolism involved the main pulmonary artery in five patients, a lobar artery in five, and a segmental artery in 10; isolated subsegmental thrombi were never found. The use of wide window settings allowed detection of pulmonary embolism in two more patients than did the standard settings.
Unsuspected pulmonary embolism can be found in a significant number of patients undergoing a routine MDCT study of the chest, with a higher prevalence among inpatients with malignancy. The use of wide window settings is recommended when interpreting routine CT scans of the chest to improve detection of unsuspected pulmonary embolism.
The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of vascular asymmetries and vessel location seen using MR Maximum Intensity Projection imaging for malignant and ...benign lesions. We enrolled 101 women, with an age ranging from 29 to 69 years (mean age of 53.1 years), with a mammary nodule and candidate for surgical intervention. MR was carried out using a 1.5 Tesla superconductive magnet, equipped with a double and bilateral Phased Array dedicated coil. All images obtained were processed using MIP. The relationship between an asymmetry due to a greater amount of vascular structures in the breast with a malignant neoplasm and symmetry with benign neoplasms were statistically significant (p < 0.001): sensitivity of 71.8%, specificity 100% and accuracy 76.2%. The relationship between perilesional or intralesional vessels with malignant versus benign neoplasms were statistically significant (p < 0.001): sensitivity 88.5%, specificity 82.6% and accuracy 87.1%. We concluded that asymmetries between breasts and the presence of perilesional or intralesional vessels seen in MIP images are important signs and, therefore, must be reported.
The MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso is collecting muons since February 1989. These muons are induced by charged current interactions of atmospheric and, possibly, astrophysical muon neutrinos below ...the apparatus. A search has been made for discrete astrophysical sources of VHE and UHE neutrinos using the upward going muons direction information. Given the large area and the long period of data taking MACRO is, at the moment, able to set very competitive upper limits to the flux of neutrinos from most of the sources considered in the search.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The final analysis of atmospheric neutrino events collected with the MACRO detector is presented. Three different classes of events, generated by neutrinos in different energy ranges, are studied ...looking at rates, angular distributions and estimated energies. The results are consistent for all the subsamples and indicate a flux deficit that depends on energy and path-length of neutrinos. The no-oscillation hypothesis is excluded at \(\sim 5\sigma\), while the hypothesis of \(\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau\) oscillation gives a satisfactory description of all data. The parameters with highest probability in a two flavor scenario are \(\sin^2 2\theta_m = 1\) and \(\Delta m^2 = 0.0023 \textrm{eV}^2\). This result is independent of the absolute normalization of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes. The data can also be used to put experimental constrain on this normalization.
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DOBA, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The angular distribution of upward-going muons produced by atmospheric neutrinos in the rock below the MACRO detector shows anomalies in good agreement with two flavor νμ→ντ oscillations with maximum ...mixing and Δm2 around 0.0024 eV2. Exploiting the dependence of magnitude of the matter effect on oscillation channel, and using a set of 809 upward-going muons observed in MACRO, we show that the two flavor νμ→νs oscillation is disfavored with 99% C.L. with respect to νμ→ντ.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (<E
ν
>∼ 100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith ...angles is 0.74 ±0.036 (stat) ±0.046 (systematic) ±0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for −1.0≤cos
θ≤−0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for
χ
2 of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations.
We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin
22
θ=1.0 and
Δm
2 of a few times 10
−3 eV
2. However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations, giving a maximum probability for
χ
2 of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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