Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Aronia melanocarpa
, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid ...contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of
A. melanocarpa.
Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups:
control; Aronia
;
Cr
receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months;
CrA
receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and
A. melanocarpa
at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months;
Cr2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively,
CrA2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of
Aronia
at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by
Bax
and
Bcl2
gene expression: the
Bax
gene expression levels, increased significantly (
p
< 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the
Aronia
group, compared with control. In the
Cr2
,
CrA
, and
CrA2
groups, notable reduction of
Bax
gene expression (
p
< 0.001) was reported compared with the
Cr
group. Regarding the
Bcl2
gene expression (
p
< 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The
Bcl2
expression level had a similar pattern to
Bax
gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression.
Aronia
administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the
Bax/Bcl2
ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from
Aronia
are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of
Bax
and
Bcl2
proteins.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aluminum, a contentious trace element found in the environment, has been demonstrated to have harmful effects on both humans and animals. In contrast,
, an evergreen plant, has been found to offer ...numerous beneficial effects for both humans and animals. Therefore, this study aims to assess the protective effect of
on certain reproductive biomarkers in male rats exposed to aluminum. Thirty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: NTC (no-treatment control) received distilled water; NC (negative control) received drinking water containing 1 mg/L aluminum sulfate (AS); E1 received 1 mg/L AS along with an 8%
extract; PC (positive control) received only 8%
extract; E2 received 1 mg/L AS for three months followed by 8% extract for one month. The study analyzed testosterone, LH, FSH, body weight, and the histological structure of the testis, epididymis, and prostate, as well as the levels of zinc, manganese, copper, and iron in these organs. Significant decreases in body weight, testis, and epididymis size were observed in the aluminum-exposed groups compared to the control, whereas these decreases were not significant in the
-treated groups compared to the control. Aluminum exposure led to significant decreases in testosterone and LH levels, with FSH levels showing a nonsignificant decrease in males, which were mitigated significantly by the administration of the plant extract. Histological analysis revealed alterations in the testis, epididymis, and prostate of the AS-exposed groups, including necrosis of seminiferous tubule epithelium and Leydig cells in the testis, and basal epithelial necrosis in the epididymis and prostate. Aluminum levels increased in all organs studied, while levels of zinc, copper, iron, and manganese decreased, showing a negative and significant correlation with aluminum levels. The aqueous extract of
demonstrated a protective effect on certain studied biomarkers in male rats affected by aluminum exposure.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was the evaluation of integrity biomarkers of reproductive toxicity: histoarchitecture of genital organs (testis and epididymis) and sexual accessory glands (prostate, seminal ...vesicles and bulbo-urethral glands) at sexual maturity after exposure to potassium dichromate (Cr VI) in suckling period. Consequent to the exposure of male rat pups to hexavalent chromium during suckling period structural changes appeared in genital organs and sexual accessory glands, such as: basal membrane and epithelial disintegration, interstitial edema, wavy basal membrane due to a reduction in tubule diameter, Leydig cell necrosis; epithelial smoothing, epithelial necrosis; epithelial cells desquamation and falling in lumen. Exposure to potassium dichromate (Cr VI) during suckling period produced severe congestive and degenerative lesions in genital organs and sexual accessory glands.
AbstractHexavalent chromium is known as strong oxidizing agent, enters the cells easily and generates reactive oxygen species. It was demonstrated that Cr VI is toxic for liver, kidney, skin, nervous ...system, female and male reproductive systems. However, chromium effects on pancreas are less studied.Aronia melanocarpa fruits are rich in phenolic constituents: anthocyanins, procyanidins and phenolic acids, which demonstrated to have anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities.Considering the aforesaid the present study was carried out in idea to see if Cr VI induces structural changes in pancreas, given it’s property of inducing ROS formation in cells, and if aronia extract can play a protective role.The study was carried out on white Wistar rats divided in 5 groups and exposed as follows: C – control –distilled water, Cr group – potassium dichromate, hexavalent chromium compound, in distilled water, 75 ppm for three months; CrA group - 75 ppm Cr VI + extract of A. melanocarpa for three months; Cr2 group - 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of distilled water; CrA2 group 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of extract of A. melanocarpa. At the end of exposure period pancreas was collected and prepared for histological analysis.Hexavalent chromium administration induced morphological and functional changes in endocrine pancreas cells. Microscopic examination of histological slides from pancreas revealed the size and number reduction of Langerhans islets and presence of degenerative lesions. Experimental group that received Cr VI combined with aqueous extract of Aronia presented almost normal architecture of endocrine cells, even more vascular changes occurred too, probably responsible for repairing phenomena.
The mammary glands are the main site of milk synthesis and secretion, and its conditions such as mastitis are the common cause of decreased milk production. For this reason, knowledge of the anatomy ...of the mammary gland in its various stages is esirable, in order to understand the necessary elements of the physiology, pathology and management of various mammary diseases. In this bibliographic report, the main elements of anatomy (internal and external structure), morphology, histology and cytology of the mammary gland are presented, as well as the cellular elements of milk synthesis and secretion.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was the evaluation of Cr VI cumulative and differentiate exposure on integrity biomarker of male reproductive system. The objective was evaluation of potassium dichromate intake ...on genital organs and sexual accessory glands architecture in male rats from two generation. Males and females from F0 generation were exposed to potassium dichromate three months before mating. F1 generation was represented by male pups, resulted from F0 generation, exposed to potassium dichromate in utero, during suckling (via milk and water) period and until sexual maturity. All the animals were divided in one control and three experimental groups, exposed to Cr VI trough drinking water, as followed E1: 25 ppm (LOAEL); E2: 50 ppm: E3: 75 ppm; control group received tap water without chromium content. The experiment was carried out with respecting legislation regarding ethics in animal experiments. The study revealed the presence of congestive and degenerative lesions in genital organs and sexual accessory glands of exposed individuals from F0 and F1 generation such as: interstitial edema, epithelial necrosis and atrophy, membrane exfoliation and necrosis. The lesions frequency and intensity were directly correlated to exposure level, the most affected being E3 group and generation, more pronounced in F1 generation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the study was to outline some data about the morphology of the pathological wild boar articular cartilage. The study was carried out on articular cartilage samples from wild boar femoral ...head and condyles, 1 - 10 years old. The samples were processed and stained by usual histological techniques. The samples examination revealed different stages of articular cartilage injury and various morphological aspects that suggest the degenerative joint disease (DJD) occurrence. The chondrocyte clones, the extracellular matrix alteration, the cartilage fissures, the cartilage erosions and the subchondral bone exposure were the observed morphopathological aspects. These aspects are the specific pathological lesions for DJD, as described in the specialized literature for other species.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hexavalent chromium known as oxidizing agent is able to form reactive oxygen species. Aronia melanocarpa and Hypericum perforatum are two plants known for their antioxidant effects. Our study aimed ...to establish if CrVI induces apoptosis and structural changes in thyrocytes and if its effect can be counteracted by the administration of both extracts.
Wistar rats divided in five groups: C - distilled water (DW), Cr – 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months, Cr 2 – 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months followed by 1 month DW, CrA – 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Aronia 2.5% extract, CrH – 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Hypericum 2.5% extract. Histological assessment and qRT-PCR for evaluation of BAX and Bcl2 protein levels performed on thyroid samples.
The Cr and Cr2 groups were those with altered cytoarchitecture: increase in the diameter of many thyroid follicles, a decrease in their number, a decrease in the height of the follicular cells. The histological examination of the CrH group revealed almost recovery of structural architecture. The BAX gene levels were higher in the Cr and Cr2 groups indicating the apoptotic activity of chromium. In extract receiving groups the BAX gene expressions were significantly lower, but the lowest level presented the CrH group. Bcl2 gene expression levels indicate antiapoptotic activity being elevated in the Cr group, followed by CrA, Cr2, and CrH groups. The BAX/Bcl2 ratio which significantly increased in the case of the Cr and Cr2 group compared to the groups that were administered the two plant extracts.
The results obtained in this study confirm that CrVI has toxic effects on thyroid endocrine cells and H. perforatum has stronger antioxidant properties against the action of hexavalent chromium in thyrocytes than A. melanocarpa.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The reactive oxygen species generated by numerous xenobiotic substances has as consequences the impairment of different organs normal function. Many plants pose antioxidant activity to counteract ...oxidative stress, among them being the chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa). The purpose of present study was to determine if the use of A. melanocarpa extract can counteract the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin administration in rats.
The study was made on forty Wistar rats divided in four groups as follows: C (control): receiving i.p. 1 mL of saline solution; E1: receiving cisplatin 20 mg/kg bw, i.p.; E2: receiving cisplatin 20 mg/kg bw, i.p and A. melanocarpa berry 6 % aqueous extract as drinking water, and CB (control blank): i.p 1 mL saline solution and A. melanocarpa 6 % aqueous extract for four weeks. Results. Administration of Cisplatin was followed by the increase of serum superoxide dismutase (+21.18 %, P < 0.05), catalase (+25.44 %, P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (+17.88 %, P < 0.05) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (+28.17 %, P < 0.01) but significantly decreased glutathione reductase (−22.35 %, P < 0.001) level comparative to control, pointing out that administration of cisplatin induced oxidative stress in rats. In groups that received A. melanocarpa extract as drinking water, we noted that the levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers tended to be restored almost to normal levels, which could be a possible good antioxidant used in condition to cisplatin use. Also, we noted a significant (P < 0.001) decrease of total antioxidant capacity in liver and kidney of rats exposed to cisplatin, recovered in those that received chokeberry. Studied trace elements important for the stress oxidative enzymes (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) were decreased in cisplatin exposed groups compared to control and mainly all were almost to normal level in groups receiving A. melanocarpa. Conclusion. A. melanocarpa extract due to its antioxidants content could offer protection against free radicals produced as a consequence of cisplatin use.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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