Authors' response Fine, Daniel H; Armitage, Gary C; Griffen, Ann L ...
The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
03/2020, Volume:
151, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Our previous genome-wide Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping study using mouse A/J by C57BL/6J recombinant inbred (RI) lines suggested several chromosomal regions contain genes influencing ...susceptibility to phenytoin (PT)-induced cleft lip with or without cleft palate CL(P) and 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN)-induced isolated cleft palate (CP). Importantly, the same chromosomal regions but different RI parental strain alleles were sometimes implicated in susceptibility to these different kinds of orofacial clefting. Here we report the susceptibility to hydrocortisone (HC)-induced CP in these RI lines. We treated pregnant females with HC and studied the incidence of CP in day 17 fetuses. RI lines showed highly correlated responses to HC and 6-AN. The A/J parental line and five RI lines showed very high levels of clefting in response to both of these teratogens. The C57BL/6J parental line and five other RI lines exhibited low incidence of CP for these teratogens. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between incidence of PT-induced CL(P) and HC-induced CP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background: Genetic polymorphisms at interleukin (IL)‐1α and IL‐1β were recently suggested to be associated with severity of adult periodontitis. We evaluated whether these polymorphisms might also ...be associated with early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) in 28 African American families and 7 Caucasian American families with 2 or more affected members.
Methods: Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles of different fragment sizes. Genetic epidemiological methods suitable for family data were used that are robust to false‐positive findings due to mismatching of cases and controls or mixed subpopulations of different ethnic or geographic origin. The 2 major EOP subtypes, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized early‐onset periodontitis (GEOP, encompassing rapidly progressive periodontitis and generalized juvenile periodontitis), were analyzed both separately and together.
Results: We obtained highly significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium for both African American and Caucasian G‐EOP subjects. A similar trend was noted for LJP. The IL‐1 alleles associated with high risk of EOP had been suggested previously to be correlated with low risk for severe adult periodontitis. Disequilibrium with G‐EOP was equally strong for smoking and non‐smoking subjects. IL‐1α and IL‐1β polymorphisms were in strong disequilibrium with each other in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Haplotype analyses evaluating both polymorphisms simultaneously indicated that the IL‐1β variant is likely to be most important for EOP risk. Sibpair linkage analyses, by contrast, provided only marginal support for a gene of very major effect on EOP risk attributable to these IL‐1 polymorphisms.
Conclusions: Recent theoretical analyses indicate that our findings are most consistent with an interpretation of EOP as a complex, oligogenic disorder, with IL‐1 genetic variation contributing an important but not exclusive influence on disease risk. J Periodontol 1999;70:418‐430.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
46.
Sand in the sheets Diehl, S R
Nature medicine,
02/1995, Volume:
1, Issue:
2
Journal Article
One of the most controversial putative cases of host race formation in insects is that of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae). A principal cause of the controversy is ...lack of relevant data. In laboratory and field enclosure experiments, we compared the host acceptance behavior of sympatric populations of flies originating from naturally infested hawthorn (the native host) and apple (an introduced host) in Amherst, Massachusetts or East Lansing, Michigan. In general, hawthorn fruit were accepted for ovipositional attempts nearly equally by apple and hawthorn origin females, whereas apples were accepted much more often by apple than hawthorn origin females. Similarly, males of apple and hawthorn origin exhibited about equal duration of residence on hawthorn fruits as sites at which to acquire potential mates, while males of apple origin tended to reside substantially longer than males of hawthorn origin on apples. Irrespective of fly origin, both sexes always responded more positively to hawthorn fruit than to apples. Because all flies assayed were naive (ruling out effects of prior host experience of adults) and because tests revealed no influence of pre-imaginal fruit exposure on pattern of host fruit acceptance by females, the combined evidence suggests the phenotypic differences we observed in host response pattern between hawthorn and apple origin flies may have an underlying genetic basis. Further tests showed that while larval progeny of flies of each origin survived better in naturally growing hawthorn fruit than in naturally growing apples, there was no differential effect of fly origin on larval survival ability in either host. We discuss our findings in relation to restriction in gene flow between sympatric populations of R. pomonella and in relation to current models of host shifts in insects.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
Early identification is key to reducing the morbidity and mortality of oropharyngeal cancer. This study identified factors associated with self‐awareness among patients newly diagnosed with ...a premalignant oral lesion. Data describing sociodemographics, medical/dental histories, tobacco/alcohol use and oral health were obtained by questionnaire and clinical examination of 73 veterans at six U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Lesion types included homogenous and non‐homogenous leukoplakia, smokeless tobacco lesion (STL), papilloma, lichen planus and erythroplakia. Prior to diagnosis, 29 subjects (39.7%) were unaware of their lesion. In bivariate analyses, lesion self‐awareness was associated with anatomic location, multifocal/generalized appearance, pain, oral sores, and cigar use (p<0.05). Awareness varied with lesion diagnosis and was more likely with STL and less likely with homogenous leukoplakia (p<0.05). In multivariate analyses, awareness was predicted by the presence of a lesion on easily visible mucosa (adjusted odds ratio, OR=11.2) and a history of mouth sores (OR=11.2). These findings identified marked variations in patient self‐awareness of oral premalignant conditions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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