Abstract
Nanoporous structures have proven as an effective way for enhanced electrochromic performance by providing a large surface area can get fast ion/electron transfer path, leading to larger ...optical modulation and fast response time. Herein, for the first time, application of vacuum cathodic arc plasma (CAP) deposition technology to the synthesis of WO
3
/NiO electrode films on ITO glass for use in fabricating complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs) with a ITO/WO
3
/LiClO
4
-Perchlorate solution/NiO/ITO structure. Our objective was to optimize electrochromic performance through the creation of electrodes with a nanoporous structure. We also examined the influence of WO
3
film thickness on the electrochemical and optical characteristics in terms of surface charge capacity and diffusion coefficients. The resulting 200-nm-thick WO
3
films achieved ion diffusion coefficients of (7.35 × 10
−10
(oxidation) and 4.92 × 10
−10
cm
2
/s (reduction)). The complementary charge capacity ratio of WO
3
(200 nm thickness)/NiO (60 nm thickness) has impressive reversibility of 98%. A demonstration ECD device (3 × 4 cm
2
) achieved optical modulation (ΔT) of 46% and switching times of 3.1 sec (coloration) and 4.6 sec (bleaching) at a wavelength of 633 nm. In terms of durability, the proposed ECD achieved ΔT of 43% after 2500 cycles; i.e., 93% of the initial device.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Drugs that function through allosteric inhibition of kinase signaling represent a promising approach for the targeted discovery of therapeutics. The majority of developed allosteric kinase inhibitors ...are characterized as type III and IV inhibitors that show good kinome selectivity but generally lack the subtype selectivity of same kinase family. Recently allosteric inhibitors have been developed that bind outside the catalytic kinase domain with high selectivity for specific kinase subtypes. Allosteric inhibitors that bind to the pseudokinase domain of pseudokinase or the extracellular domain of receptor tyrosine kinases are reviewed. We also review recent developments in the field of allosteric kinase inhibitors including examples of proteolysis targeting chimeras, and highlight the unique binding modes for each type of inhibitors and address future opportunities in this area.
Allosteric inhibition of kinase signaling is a promising approach for the targeted discovery of therapeutics with exceptional selectivity and the ability of overcoming the acquired resistance of the orthosteric ATP‐binding site inhibitors. The recent developments of allosteric kinase inhibitors that bind outside the catalytic kinase domain further warrant considerable interest and offer unique opportunities in this area.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Precise methods for postoperative risk stratification to guide the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in localized colorectal cancer (CRC) are still lacking. Here, we conducted a ...prospective, observational, and multicenter study to investigate the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting the recurrence risk.
From September 2017 to March 2020, 276 patients with stage II/III CRC were prospectively recruited in this study and 240 evaluable patients were retained for analysis, of which 1290 serial plasma samples were collected. Somatic variants in both the primary tumor and plasma were detected via a targeted sequencing panel of 425 cancer-related genes. Patients were treated and followed up per standard of care.
Preoperatively, ctDNA was detectable in 154 of 240 patients (64.2%). At day 3-7 postoperation, ctDNA positivity was associated with remarkably high recurrence risk (hazard ratio HR, 10.98; 95%CI, 5.31-22.72; P < 0.001). ctDNA clearance and recurrence-free status was achieved in 5 out of 17 ctDNA-positive patients who were subjected to ACT. Likewise, at the first sampling point after ACT, ctDNA-positive patients were 12 times more likely to experience recurrence (HR, 12.76; 95%CI, 5.39-30.19; P < 0.001). During surveillance after definitive therapy, ctDNA positivity was also associated with extremely high recurrence risk (HR, 32.02; 95%CI, 10.79-95.08; P < 0.001). In all multivariate analyses, ctDNA positivity remained the most significant and independent predictor of recurrence-free survival after adjusting for known clinicopathological risk factors. Serial ctDNA analyses identified recurrence with an overall accuracy of 92.0% and could detect disease recurrence ahead of radiological imaging with a mean lead time of 5.01 months.
Postoperative serial ctDNA detection predicted high relapse risk and identified disease recurrence ahead of radiological imaging in patients with stage II/III CRC. ctDNA may be used to guide the decision-making in postsurgical management.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Low clouds play a key role in the Earth-atmosphere energy balance and influence agricultural production and solar-power generation. Smoke aloft has been found to enhance marine stratocumulus through ...aerosol-cloud interactions, but its role in regions with strong human activities and complex monsoon circulation remains unclear. Here we show that biomass burning aerosols aloft strongly increase the low cloud coverage over both land and ocean in subtropical southeastern Asia. The degree of this enhancement and its spatial extent are comparable to that in the Southeast Atlantic, even though the total biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia are only one-fifth of those in Southern Africa. We find that a synergetic effect of aerosol-cloud-boundary layer interaction with the monsoon is the main reason for the strong semi-direct effect and enhanced low cloud formation in southeastern Asia.
Inspired by the collective behavior of natural swarm, swarm intelligence algorithms (SIAs) have been developed and widely used for solving optimization problems. When applied to complex problems, a ...large number of fitness function evaluations are needed to obtain an acceptable solution. To tackle this vital issue, graphical processing units (GPUs) have been used to accelerate the optimization procedure of SIAs. Thanks to their inherent parallelism, SIAs are very suitable for parallel implementation under the GPU platform which have achieved a great success in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review of GPU-based parallel SIAs in accordance with a newly proposed taxonomy. Critical concerns for the efficient parallel implementation of SIAs are also described in detail. Moreover, novel criteria are also proposed to evaluate and compare the parallel implementation and algorithm performance universally. The rationality and practicability of the proposed optimization methodology and criteria are verified by careful case study. Finally, our opinions and perspectives on the trends and prospects on the relatively new research domain are also presented for future development.
A series of pyridine-type ligands containing CC bonds were designed and synthesized for selective oxidative Heck reaction. These ligands were utilized as functional units and integrated into the ...skeleton of conjugated microporous polymers. 6,6′-diiodo-2,2′-bipyridine and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene were polycondensed via Sonogashira cross-coupling strategy to afford CMP-1 material. The resultant CMP-1 was used as a heterogeneous catalytic ligand for the PdII-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction with high linear selectivity. The linear selectivity of CMP-1 is about 30 times higher than that of bipyridine-based monomer ligand. This work opens a new front of using CMP as an intriguing platform for developing highly efficient catalysts in controlling the regioselectivity in organic reactions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This paper is concerned with master-slave synchronization of chaotic Φ6 Duffing oscillators by using linear state error feedback control. Compared with some existing methods and results, this paper ...estimates the bound of the first trajectory (variable) of the controlled slave system and uses this bound to derive synchronization criteria for two chaotic Φ6 Duffing oscillators. The effectiveness of synchronization criteria is illustrated by three simulation examples.
Transcribing and replicating a double-stranded genome require protein modules to unwind, transcribe/replicate nucleic acid substrates, and release products. Here we present in situ cryo-electron ...microscopy structures of rotavirus dsRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in two states pertaining to transcription. In addition to the previously discovered universal "hand-shaped" polymerase core domain shared by DNA polymerases and telomerases, our results show the function of N- and C-terminal domains of RdRp: the former opens the genome duplex to isolate the template strand; the latter splits the emerging template-transcript hybrid, guides genome reannealing to form a transcription bubble, and opens a capsid shell protein (CSP) to release the transcript. These two "helicase" domains also extensively interact with CSP, which has a switchable N-terminal helix that, like cellular transcriptional factors, either inhibits or promotes RdRp activity. The in situ structures of RdRp, CSP, and RNA in action inform mechanisms of not only transcription, but also replication.
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