Abstract
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) has been demonstrated regulating lymphangiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Whether IL-7 induce or inhibit autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are ...unknown. In this study, Western blot was used to detect cytoplasmic and nuclear protein of p53, total protein of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Light chain 3 (LC3). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect p53 mRNA level after treated with IL-7. Then using transmission electron microscopy to observe the morphological change of autophagosome. 123 cases of NSCLC were collected for survival analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and cox regression multivariate analysis. We find that IL-7 induce the p53 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, then IL-7 down-regulate phosphorylation of AMPK and up-regulate phosphorylation of mTOR. The expression of AMPK and p53 were associated with IL-7/IL-7R and mTOR expression. Clinically, AMPK and p53 were well correlated with stage and survival of lung cancer patients. IL-7R, mTOR and tumor stage were the strongest predictors of survival. In conclusion, IL-7 inhibit autophagy in NSCLC via P53 regulated AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK and p53 are correlated with patients’ survival. IL-7R, mTOR and tumor stage are the strongest predictor of survival.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Implicit poisoning in federated learning is a significant threat, with malicious nodes subtly altering gradient parameters each round, making detection difficult. This study investigates this ...problem, revealing that temporal analysis alone struggles to identify such covert attacks, which can bypass online methods like cosine similarity and clustering. Common detection methods rely on offline analysis, resulting in delayed responses. However, recalculating gradient updates reveals distinct characteristics of malicious clients. Based on this finding, we designed a privacy-preserving detection algorithm using trajectory anomaly detection. Singular values of matrices are used as features, and an improved Isolation Forest algorithm processes these to detect malicious behavior. Experiments on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and CIFAR-10 datasets show our method achieves 94.3% detection accuracy and a false positive rate below 1.2%, indicating its high accuracy and effectiveness in detecting implicit model poisoning attacks.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ischemic stroke is associated with a high mortality rate, and effective treatment strategies are currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel nano delivery system to treat ischemic ...stroke via intranasal administration. A three-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the formulation of liposomes co-loaded with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) and Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) (Lip-Rg3/PNS). Macrophage membranes were coated onto the surface of the optimized liposomes to target the ischemic site of the brain. The double-loaded liposomes disguised by macrophage membranes (MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS) were spherical, in a "shell-core" structure, with encapsulation rates of 81.41% (PNS) and 93.81% (Rg3), and showed good stability. In vitro, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS was taken up by brain endothelial cells via the clathrin-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis pathways. Network pharmacology experiments predicted that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS could regulate multiple signaling pathways and treat ischemic stroke by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory responses. After 14 days of treatment with MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, the survival rate, weight, and neurological score of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats significantly improved. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining results showed that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can reduce neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and protect the ischemic brain. In vivo biological experiments have shown that free Rg3, PNS, and MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can alleviate inflammation and apoptosis, especially MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, indicating that biomimetic liposomes can improve the therapeutic effects of drugs. Overall, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS is a potential biomimetic nano targeted formulation for ischemic stroke therapy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, a scheme of dual-Doppler radar wind analysis based on a three-dimensional variational method is proposed and performed in two steps. First, the horizontal wind field is simultaneously ...recovered through minimizing a cost function defined as a radial observation term with the standard conjugate gradient method, avoiding a weighting parameter specification step. Compared with conventional dual-Doppler wind synthesis approaches, this variational method minimizes errors caused by interpolation from radar observation to analysis grid in the iterative solution process, which is one of the main sources of errors. Then, through the accelerated Liebmann method, the vertical velocity is further re-estimated as an extra step by solving the Poisson equation with impermeable conditions imposed at the ground and near the tropopause. The Poisson equation defined by the second derivative of the vertical velocity is derived from the mass continuity equation. Compared with the method proposed by O’Brien, this method is less sensitive to the uncertainty of the boundary conditions and has better stability and reliability. Furthermore, the method proposed in this paper is applied to Doppler radar observation of a squall line process. It is shown that the retrieved vertical wind profile agrees well with the vertical profile obtained with the velocity—azimuth display (VAD) method, and the retrieved radial velocity as well as the analyzed positive and negative velocity centers and horizontal wind shear of the squall line are in accord with radar observations. There is a good correspondence between the divergence field of the derived wind field and the vertical velocity. And, the horizontal and vertical circulations within and around the squall line, as well as strong updrafts, the associated downdrafts, and associated rear inflow of the bow echo, are analyzed well. It is worth mentioning that the variational method in this paper can be applied to simultaneously synthesize the three-dimensional wind field from multiple-Doppler radar observations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Electrochemical performance of a potential fast-charging graphite material in lithium-ion batteries prepared by the modification of natural flake graphite (FG-1) is investigated. FG-1 displays ...excellent electrochemical performance than most of the modified NFG materials. Galvanostatic cycling tests performed in half cells give the initial capacity of 382.7/361.1 mAh g
−1
, delivering a small irreversible capacity (21.6 mAh g
−1
) and high coulombic efficiency (94.4%). The carbon-coated graphite displays superior rate performance at 2 C and 3 C currents in pouch cells. FG-1 can cycle at ambient temperature for 500 times under 2 C/1 C and 3 C/1 C regimes with capacity retention of 90.24% and 86.83%, respectively. Moreover, 86.93% and 86.65% of capacity are retained after 800 cycles at 45 °C under the same currents. Storage at elevated temperature (60 °C) after 21 days leads to only 2.98% of voltage drop, as well as 75.72% and 86.43% of capacity retention and recovery.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The bacterial communities of the root-zone soil are capable of regulating vital biogeochemical cycles and the succession of plant growth.
as grassland constructive species is restricted by the ...difference features of east-west humidity and north-south heat, which shows the population substituting distribution. The distribution, turnover, and potential driving factors and ecological significance of the root-zone bacterial community along broad spatial gradients of
taxa transition remain unclear. This paper investigated seven
species root-zone soils based on high-throughput sequencing combined with the measurements of multiple environmental parameters in arid and semi-arid steppe. The communities of soil bacteria in root zone had considerable turnover, and some regular variations in structure along the
taxa transition are largely determined by climatic factors, vegetation coverage, and pH at a regional scale. Bacterial communities had a clear
population specificity, but they were more strongly affected by the main annual precipitation, which resulted in a biogeographical distribution pattern along precipitation gradient, among which
, and
were the phyla that were most abundant. During the transformation of
taxa from east to west, the trend of diversity shown by bacterial community in the root zone decreased first, and then increased sharply at
, which was followed by continuous decreasing toward northwest afterwards. However, the richness and evenness showed an opposite trend, and α diversity had close association with altitude and pH. There would be specific and different bacterial taxa interactions in different
species, in which
had the simplest and most stable interaction network with the strongest resistance to the environment and
had most complex and erratic. Moreover, the bacterial community was mainly affected by dispersal limitation at a certain period. These results are conducive to the prediction of sustainable ecosystem services and protection of microbial resources in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem.
This study elucidates the thermodynamic reaction mechanism of the GeCl
hydrogen reduction process for Ge preparation. Five independent reactions in the Ge-Cl-H ternary system were identified, ...utilizing the phase law, mass conservation principles, and thermodynamic data, with H
as the reducing agent. Additionally, the effects of the temperature, feed ratio, and pressure on the germanium deposition rate during the GeCl
hydrogen reduction process were investigated, guided by these five reactions. The results indicate that, with fixed temperature and pressure, a higher feed ratio (nH2/nGeCl4) leads to an increased germanium deposition rate. Conversely, with a constant feed ratio, increased pressure results in a lower deposition rate at low temperatures. The optimal operating conditions for germanium preparation via the hydrogen reduction of GeCl
were determined: the temperature was 450 °C, the feed ratio was 20, the pressure was 0.1 MPa, and the deposition rate of the germanium was 36.12% under this condition.
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The influence of ammonia–ammonium ratio, specific surface area of particles, associated anions, temperature and total ammonia concentration on the dissolution kinetics of zinc silicate (hemimorphite) ...has been investigated in ammoniacal solutions. The results show that the initial dissolution rate increases with the specific surface area, temperature and total ammonia concentration. The associated anions have a significant influence on the zinc extraction from hemimorphite due to their different complexing affinity with zinc ion. SEM analysis shows that cleavage of hemimorphite appears during dissolution. The silica formed in the dissolution process is absorbed back and covers some active sites of the particles. The Elovich equation typifies the dissolution behavior of hemimorphite in ammoniacal solution with an activation energy of 57.6
kJ/mol which is characteristic for a chemically controlled process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of adalimumab on diabetic nephropathyDN) through animal models.
Methods: We carried out the study in Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China in ...December 2020. Streptozotocin was used to induce DN in model animal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The DN animal model was given treatment with adalimumab, and the inhibitory effect of adalimumab on the development process of DN was evaluated by detecting changes in blood glucose and urinary albumin levels. Meanwhile, the content of UN, Cr and CysC of the blood in different experimental groups was tested by weighing the ratio of kidney and performing ELISA to evaluate the protective effect of adalimumab on kidney of DN animal model. In addition, the changes in the transcription and translation levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and its downstream regulatory factors MCP-1 and NF-kB in kidney of different experimental groups were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot tests to further reveal the molecular mechanism of adalimumab inhibiting the diabetic nephropathy.
Results: adalimumab could significantly downregulate blood glucose and urinary albumin levels (P <0.05). The renal body weight ratio and the contents of UN, Cr and Cysc in blood in the adalimumab group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, adalimumab could significantly downregulate the expression of these molecules (P <0.05).
Conclusion: adalimumab could exert its therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy through its specific targeting TNF-α signaling pathways.
Tin-based anode materials with high capacity attract wide attention of researchers and become a strong competitor for the next generation of lithium-ion battery anode materials. However, the poor ...electrical conductivity and severe volume expansion retard the commercialization of tin-based anode materials. Here, SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C nanoparticles with heterostructure embedded in a carbon matrix of nitrogen-doped graphene (SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C/NG) is ingeniously designed in this work. The composite was synthesized by a two-step method. Firstly, the SnO
2
@C/rGO with a nano-layer structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method as the precursor, and then the SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C/NG composite was obtained by further vulcanizing the above precursor. It should be noted that a carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene can inhibit the volume expansion of SnO
2
-SnS
2
nanoparticles and promote the transport of lithium ions during continuous cycling. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between nanoparticles and carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene, the heterostructured SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C/NG further fundamentally confer improved structural stability and reaction kinetics for lithium storage. As expected, the SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C/NG composite exhibited high reversible capacity (1201.2 mA h g
−1
at the current rate of 0.1 A g
−1
), superior rate capability and exceptional long-life stability (944.3 mAh g
−1
after 950 cycles at the current rate of 1.0 A g
−1
). The results demonstrate that the SnO
2
-SnS
2
@C/NG composite is a highly competitive anode material for LIBs.
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