Going Viral: Have We Learned Anything? Dodson, Thomas B.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery,
November 2021, 2021-11-00, 20211101, Volume:
79, Issue:
11
Journal Article
The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of panoramic radiographic findings in relation to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) exposure after mandibular third molar (M3) ...extraction.
The study used a retrospective cohort model. The primary predictor variable was the presence or absence of ≥ 1 panoramic radiographic sign associated with an increased risk for IAN injury. The secondary predictor variable was the surgeon’s assessment of IAN exposure risk. The outcome variable was IAN exposure, defined as direct visualization of the IAN at the time of M3 extraction. Appropriate univariate and bivariate statistics were computed and the level of statistical significance was set at
P ≤ .05.
The sample was composed of 230 patients having 423 mandibular M3s evaluated and removed. Following M3 extraction, the IAN was visualized in 24 (5.7%) extraction sites. Four of the radiographic signs were statistically associated with IAN exposure (
P ≤ .05). The sensitivities and specificities of the 4 radiographic findings ranged from 0.42 to 0.75 and 0.66 to 0.91. The clinician’s preoperative estimate of the likelihood of IAN exposure was statistically associated with IAN exposure after M3 extraction (
P < .001; sensitivity = 0.79; specificity = 0.86).
Four radiographic findings (darkening of the tooth root, narrowing of the tooth root, interruption of the white lines, and diversion of the canal) were statistically associated with IAN exposure following M3 extraction. The surgeon’s overall estimate of risk based on the panoramic radiograph was also statistically associated with an increased risk of IAN exposure.
We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation yielding a frequency-based β± kinetic energy determination in the 5 keV to 2.1 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear β decays. The ...cyclotron frequency of the radiating β particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the β energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 Collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of β–’s from 6He and β+’s from 19Ne decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for β spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation of cyclotron radiation from individual highly relativistic β’s in a waveguide. Furthermore, this work establishes the application of CRES to a variety of nuclei, opening its reach to searches for new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision β-decay measurements.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Purpose To document a clinically relevant position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in dentate patients and identify patient factors associated with IAN position. Materials and Methods The ...investigators used a cross-sectional study design and a study sample of subjects who had a radiographically identifiable IAN canal and at least 1 mandibular first molar was enrolled. Predictor variables were age, gender, and race. Outcome variables were the linear distances between the buccal aspect of the IAN canal and the outer buccal cortical margin of the mandible, and the superior aspect of the IAN canal and the alveolar crest. Appropriate uni-, bi-, and multivariate statistics were computed. Results The study sample was composed of 50 patients with a mean age of 42 years, 42.0% were male, and 73.2% were white. On average, the buccal aspect of the canal was 4.9 mm from the buccal cortical margin of the mandible. The superior aspect of the IAN canal was 17.4 mm inferior from the alveolar crest. Age and race were statistically associated with IAN position relative to the buccal cortical mandibular margin ( P < .05). None of the demographic variables were associated with vertical position. Conclusions The IAN canal was 4.9 mm and 17.4 mm from the buccal and superior cortical surfaces of the mandible, respectively. The bucco-lingual IAN canal position was associated with age and race. Older patients and white patients, on average, have less distance between the buccal aspect of the canal and the buccal mandibular border. To minimize the risk of IAN injury, these variables should be considered when planning mandibular osteotomies or using monocortical plates.
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