A
bstract
The topological vertex formalism for 5d
N
= 1 gauge theories is not only a convenient tool to compute the instanton partition function of these theories, but it is also accompanied by a ...nice algebraic structure that reveals various kinds of nice properties such as dualities and integrability of the underlying theories. The usual refined topological vertex ormalism is derived for gauge theories with
A
-type quiver structure (and
A
-type gauge groups). In this article, we propose a construction with a web of vertex operators for all
ABCDEF G
-type and affine quivers by introducing several new vertices into the formalism, based on the reproducing of known instanton partition functions and qq-characters for these theories.
Instanton counting and O-vertex Nawata, Satoshi; Zhu, Rui-Dong
The journal of high energy physics,
09/2021, Volume:
2021, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
We present closed-form expressions of unrefined instanton partition functions for gauge groups of type
BCD
as sums over Young diagrams. For SO(
n
) gauge groups, we provide a fivebrane web ...picture of our formula based on the vertex-operator formalism of the topological vertex with a new type called O-vertex for an O5-plane.
A
bstract
We propose a concrete form of a vertex function, which we call O-vertex, for the intersection between an O5-plane and a 5-brane in the topological vertex formalism, as an extension of the ...work of
1
. Using the O-vertex it is possible to compute the Nekrasov partition functions of 5d theories realized on any 5-brane web diagrams with O5-planes. We apply our proposal to 5-brane webs with an O5-plane and compute the partition functions of pure SO(
N
) gauge theories and the pure
G
2
gauge theory. The obtained results agree with the results known in the literature. We also compute the partition function of the pure SU(3) gauge theory with the Chern-Simons level 9. At the end we rewrite the O-vertex in a form of a vertex operator.
Recent development of spatial transcriptomic technologies has made it possible to characterize cellular heterogeneity with spatial information. However, the technology often does not have sufficient ...resolution to distinguish neighboring cell types. Here, we present spatialDWLS, to quantitatively estimate the cell-type composition at each spatial location. We benchmark the performance of spatialDWLS by comparing it with a number of existing deconvolution methods and find that spatialDWLS outperforms the other methods in terms of accuracy and speed. By applying spatialDWLS to a human developmental heart dataset, we observe striking spatial temporal changes of cell-type composition during development.
A
bstract
We write down a vertical representation for the elliptic Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra, and construct an elliptic version of the refined topological vertex of Awata, Feigin and Shiraishi. We ...show explicitly that this vertex reproduces the elliptic genus of M-strings, and that it is an intertwiner of the algebra.
A
bstract
We compute the Schur index of Argyres-Douglas theories of type (
A
N
−1
,A
M
−1
) with surface operators inserted, via the Higgsing prescription proposed by D. Gaiotto, L. Rastelli and S.S. ...Razamat. These surface operators are obtained by turning on position-dependent vacuum expectation values of operators in a UV theory which can flow to the Argyres-Douglas theories. We focus on two series of (
A
N
−1
, A
M
−1
) theories; one with gcd(
N, M
) = 1 and the other with
M
=
N
(
k
− 1) for an integer
k
≥ 2. Our results are identified with the characters of non-vacuum modules of the associated 2d chiral algebras, which explicitly confirms a remarkable correspondence recently discovered by C. Cordova, D. Gaiotto and S.-H. Shao.
Sorghum is an important source of food, feed and raw material for brewing, and is expected to be a promising bioenergy crop. Sorghum is well known for its strong resistance to abiotic stress and wide ...adaptability, and salt tolerance is one of its main characteristics. Increasing sorghum planting acreage on saline-alkalien land is one way to effectively use this kind of marginal soil. In this paper, domestic and overseas research on plant tolerance to soil salinity and alkalinity in sorghum, including salt-tolerant genetics and breeding, physiology, cultivation, and identification of tolerant germplasms, are reviewed. Suggestions for further studies on salinity and alkalinity tolerance in sorghum are given, and the prospects for sorghum production in saline-alkalien land are discussed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A
bstract
We interpret aspects of the Schur indices, that were identified with characters of highest weight modules in Virasoro (
p, p
′
) = (2
,
2
k
+ 3) minimal models for
k
= 1
,
2
, . . .
, in ...terms of paths that first appeared in exact solutions in statistical mechanics. From that, we propose closed-form fermionic sum expressions, that is,
q, t
-series with manifestly non-negative coefficients, for two infinite-series of Macdonald indices of (
A
1
, A
2
k
) Argyres- Douglas theories that correspond to
t
-refinements of Virasoro (
p, p
′
) = (2
,
2
k
+ 3) minimal model characters, and two rank-2 Macdonald indices that correspond to
t
-refinements of
W
3
non-unitary minimal model characters. Our proposals match with computations from 4d
N
= 2 gauge theories
via
the TQFT picture, based on the work of J Song
75
.
The digestion of choline phospholipids is important for choline homeostasis, lipid signaling, postprandial lipid and energy metabolism, and interaction with intestinal bacteria. The digestion is ...mediated by the combined action of pancreatic and mucosal enzymes. In the proximal small intestine, hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to 1-lyso-PC and free fatty acid (FFA) by the pancreatic phospholipase A
IB coincides with the digestion of the dietary triacylglycerols by lipases, but part of the PC digestion is extended and must be mediated by other enzymes as the jejunoileal brush-border phospholipase B/lipase and mucosal secreted phospholipase A
X. Absorbed 1-lyso-PC is partitioned in the mucosal cells between degradation and reacylation into chyle PC. Reutilization of choline for hepatic bile PC synthesis, and the reacylation of 1-lyso-PC into chylomicron PC by the lyso-PC-acyl-CoA-acyltransferase 3 are important features of choline recycling and postprandial lipid metabolism. The role of mucosal enzymes is emphasized by sphingomyelin (SM) being sequentially hydrolyzed by brush-border alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) and neutral ceramidase to sphingosine and FFA, which are well absorbed. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate are generated and are both metabolic intermediates and important lipid messengers. Alk-SMase has anti-inflammatory effects that counteract gut inflammation and tumorigenesis. These may be mediated by multiple mechanisms including generation of sphingolipid metabolites and suppression of autotaxin induction and lyso-phosphatidic acid formation. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of pancreatic and mucosal enzymes in PC and SM digestion, and its implications in intestinal and liver diseases, bacterial choline metabolism in the gut, and cholesterol absorption.
The optimization of cultural communication paths is an important part of Chinese culture’s continued dialogue with the world in the face of increasingly fierce international competition. In this ...paper, we use social network analysis to collect relevant data on the microblogging platform and analyze the overall network structure of “The Belt and Road Initiative” using network density, network distance, and clustering coefficients. Using social network analysis metrics, we calculate the node position of the network path of “The Belt and Road Initiative” and analyze the influence of each microblog account. We filter the cultural communication topics of “The Belt and Road Initiative”, scrutinize the participating regions, and establish the characteristics of the cooperation mode within this cultural communication. “The Belt and Road Initiative” has a network density of 0.247, 0.281, and 0.295, respectively, which indicates that the network density of these three topics is small and there is less information exchange, but the cohesive force of cultural communication is stronger. “People’s Daily,” “Central Committee of the Communist Youth League,” and “Phoenix Video” have high intermediary centrality (712.256, 700.425, and 695.253, respectively). The high intermediary centrality indicates that these nodes have a great influence on the flow of resources in the information dissemination network and can accelerate the efficiency of the “Belt and Road Initiative” cultural dissemination path.
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