Abstract
In January 2015, the Yemeni government of Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi was ousted from power by Houthi rebels based in the country’s northern highlands. Initially forced to flee the country, Hadi ...soon returned, establishing a new government in the southern city of Aden. His return marked the commencement of the latest phase of Yemen’s perpetual civil war. In what has often been referred to as the ‘Saudi-led blockade’, a coalition naval force, made up primarily of vessels from Gulf Cooperation Council states, has been enforcing a closure of Yemen’s waters and most of its ports. Yemen requires food imports to feed its population and fuel imports to generate the electricity that it needs to keep its water plants operating. As a result of the naval interdiction operations, the civilian population of Yemen is in crisis. Approximately 20 million people require humanitarian assistance, and the country continues to struggle under the largest cholera epidemic in history. This article examines the legal bases for the current interdiction operations, both from the perspective of the law of naval warfare and the law of the sea. Finally it assesses the role that Security Council resolutions have played in the continuation of the ongoing humanitarian crisis and the role that the Security Council can play in supporting the delivery of humanitarian assistance to those in need.
Written by people selected for their personalized knowledge of the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda Revisited: Genocide, Civil War, and the Transformation of International Law provides a unique level of ...insight, detail and first-hand knowledge about the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath.
This article is a comparative examination of the policies and actions that led up to the genocides in Nazi Germany and Rwanda. Referring to the 'Ten Stages of Genocide' as developed by Gregory ...Stanton, the author follows the evolution of the respective racial regimes, and discusses their development of racial identification, racist laws and the propaganda that ultimately encouraged their societies to support their genocidal actions.
Introduction Drew, Phillip; Farrall, Jeremy; McLaughlin, Rob ...
Journal of international peacekeeping,
04/2020, Volume:
22, Issue:
1-4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A collection of articles assembled, not with the intent of explaining what happened in Rwanda, but examining why and how the events of 1994 occurred, and how they can serve to better direct the ...international community’s responses to atrocities and government-sponsored violence in the future.
This article provides a first-hand account on how the rules of engagement (roe) for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda (unamir) were developed and implemented. It provides insight into ...the difficulties that were encountered in developing the roe and getting them authorized. While the mission is often criticized for its failure to protect civilians from genocidal violence, the paper explores the factors that influenced the creation of the rules, and why, given its force structure, unamir was incapable of preventing or stopping the violence.
Stemwood biomass and production were measured in a 600-year chronosequence of stands consisting of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir in the Colorado Front Range. The stands were part of a ...chronosequence established and measured in 1984. The original chronosequence showed near-constant biomass of spruce after approximately 250 years of development. Spruce production also had remained nearly constant after an initial rise and fall during the first 250 years. Fir biomass decreased more than that of spruce after around 150 years. Fir biomass remained at lower consistent sub-dominate values through the end of the chronosequence. Fir's high production from early stand development decreased and remained constant after approximately 175 years of development. Changes over the most recent 29 years did not follow the patterns in the 1984 chronosequence: spruce biomass dropped by 70% with little change in fir biomass. This resulted in a 47% average decrease in total stand biomass since 1984. Stand biomass showed no relationship with stand age. Spruce beetle-kill appeared to have played a major role in live biomass decline in all stands. Net increment was negative in fir as increases in fir production were more than offset by fir mortality. The stands investigated have developed from post-fire initiation and, although there was no evidence of subsequent major disturbance in 1984, severe beetle infestation since then has altered expected trends in spruce-fir forest structure. Stand age pattern projections will likely continue to be altered by disturbances and changing disturbance regimes.
The law of Blockade is derived from customary law that developed during the height of eighteenth and nineteenth century naval warfare. As a method of warfare that has the goal of crippling an ...adversary’s economy, blockade can devastate not only the military apparatus of a country, but the civilian population as well. In this manner, it is a method of warfare that cannot distinguish in its effects between civilians and military objectives. The existing IHL framework governing blockade does not provide satisfactory protections to the civilian populations of affected states. Starvation, malnutrition and disease are the consequential effects of a lengthy and effective blockade. A new approach to the law of blockade is required, one that will codify contemporary practice and obligate those engaging in blockade operations to ensure that humanitarian relief cannot be denied to affected civilian populations.
The law of Blockade is derived from customary law that developed during the height of eighteenth and nineteenth century naval warfare. As a method of warfare that has the goal of crippling an ...adversary’s economy, blockade can devastate not only the military apparatus of a country, but the civilian population as well. In this manner, it is a method of warfare that cannot distinguish in its effects between civilians and military objectives.
The existing IHL framework governing blockade does not provide satisfactory protections to the civilian populations of affected states. Starvation, malnutrition and disease are the consequential effects of a lengthy and effective blockade.
A new approach to the law of blockade is required, one that will codify contemporary practice and obligate those engaging in blockade operations to ensure that humanitarian relief cannot be denied to affected civilian populations.
Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2012-03-03 16:13:35.593
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