The concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system focuses solar radiation on the solar cells. CPV systems need to track the sun for keeping the reflected radiation focussed on the solar cell. A CPV module ...and its active water-cooling system are developed at the School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, China and its performance has been reported here. This developed system has been used for testing the PV module's performance for different parameters such as operating temperature, power output, and efficiency. The experimental results show that the operating temperature of the CPV module under water cooling is reduced under 60°C and therefore the efficiency of the CPV has increased and produced the more electric power output. The effect of water flow rate has been analyzed for the CPV efficiency and output.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•The latest research insight into mushroom glucan is presented.•Purification and quantification of mushroom β-glucan is summarized.•Physicochemical properties of mushroom β-glucan are ...presented.•Biological activities of mushroom β-glucan are reviewed.
One of the main active components from mushrooms was recently identified as β-glucan. Health-promoting β-glucans are an auspicious group of polysaccharides. β-Glucans from different sources such as cereals, yeast and grass have previously been documented. However, information on mushroom β-glucan is limited. This review summarizes the extraction, purification, quantification, and structural characterization of β-glucans, along with chemical and biological activities from this compound from mushrooms, and the current status of this research area with a view for future directions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Ribosome assembly factor URB1 is essential for ribosome biogenesis. However, its latent role in cancer remains unclear. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical tissue microarray ...staining showed that URB1 expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and prominently related to clinicopathological characteristics. Silencing of URB1 hampered human CRC cell proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Microarray screening, ingenuity pathway analysis, and JASPAR assessment indicated that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) are potential downstream targets of URB1 and could transcriptionally interact through direct binding. Silencing of URB1 significantly decreased ATF4 and cyclin A2 (CCNA2) expression in vivo and in vitro. Restoration of ATF4 effectively reversed the malignant proliferation phenotype of URB1‐silenced CRC cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter and ChIP assays indicated that XBP1 transcriptionally activated ATF4 by binding with its promoter region. X‐box binding protein 1 colocalized with ATF4 in the nuclei of RKO cells, and ATF4 mRNA expression was positively regulated by XBP1. This study shows that URB1 contributes to oncogenesis and CRC growth through XBP1‐mediated transcriptional activation of ATF4. Therefore, URB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
The classic ribosome assembly factor URB1 is overexpressed and related to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC). URB1 silencing significantly hampered human CRC cell proliferation and decreased ATF4, CCNA2, and XBP1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Briefly, our study shows that URB1 contributes to oncogenesis and growth of CRC through XBP1‐medaited transcriptional activation of ATF4 and URB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Polymer‐derived ceramic (PDC) route has been widely used to fabricate various ceramics or ceramic‐matrix composites in recent years. However, the synthesis of high‐entropy ceramics via PDC route has ...rarely been reported until now. Herein, we successfully synthesized a class of high‐entropy carbides, namely (Hf0.25Nb0.25Zr0.25Ti0.25)C (HEC‐1), via PDC route. The polymer‐derived HEC‐1 ceramics consisted of numerous superfine particles with the average particle size ~800 nm. Meanwhile, they possessed a rock‐salt structure of metal carbides and high‐compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. In addition, the as‐obtained HEC‐1 ceramics had a low oxygen impurity content of 0.51% and a low free carbon impurity content of 2.56%. This work will open up a new research field on the fabrication of high‐entropy ceramics or high‐entropy ceramic‐matrix composites via PDC route.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydrothermal rutile (TiO2) is a widely distributed accessory mineral in hydrothermal veins or alteration assemblages of porphyry deposits and provides important information for further understanding ...hydrothermal fluid signatures. This study determines the geochemical composition and U-Pb dates of hydrothermal rutile from the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in east Tibet, China. Three types of TiO2 polymorphs have been identified based on their Raman spectroscopic, textural, and chemical characteristics. (1) Brookite and anatase pseudomorphs after titanite in a fine-grained matrix, indicating low-temperature hydrothermal fluids destabilizing primary Ti-bearing minerals during argillic alteration (type-I). (2) Elongated and prismatic rutile present in hydrothermal veins or in clusters in accompanying alteration envelope characterized by weak zoning (type-II). And (3) rutile intergrown with sulfides in hydrothermal veins, characterized by well-developed patchy and sector zoning (type-III). In contrast to the type-I and type-II TiO2 polymorphs, tungsten is enriched in backscattered bright patches and sector zones in type-III rutile, which is due to the substitution of W6+ in the Ti4+ octahedral site. The mechanism of the enrichment of tungsten is effectively driven by the halogen-rich (F, Cl) aqueous fluids during hydrothermal mineralization. In situ U-Pb dating of the type-III rutile yields a lower intercept age of 41.8 ± 1.2 Ma, which brackets the timing of the Cu-Mo mineralization. The relationship between rutile textures and composition indicates that W-bearing rutile can serve as a recorder of hydrothermal processes in porphyry Cu deposits.
Background and Aims
NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance, obesity and hyperlipidemia. NASH is a progressive stage of NAFLD ...with severe hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte death, inflammation, and fibrosis. Currently, no pharmacological interventions specifically tailored for NASH are approved. Ovarian tumor domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1), the founding member of deubiquitinases, regulates many metabolism‐associated signaling pathways. However, the role of OTUB1 in NASH is unclarified.
Methods and Results
We demonstrated that mice with Otub1 deficiency exhibited aggravated high‐fat diet–induced and high‐fat high‐cholesterol (HFHC) diet–induced hyperinsulinemia and liver steatosis. Notably, hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of Otub1 markedly alleviated HFHC diet–induced hepatic steatosis, inflammatory responses, and liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, we identified apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as a key candidate target of OTUB1 through RNA‐sequencing analysis and immunoblot analysis. Through immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry analysis, we further found that OTUB1 directly bound to tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and suppressed its lysine 63–linked polyubiquitination, thus inhibiting the activation of ASK1 and its downstream pathway.
Conclusions
OTUB1 is a key suppressor of NASH that inhibits polyubiquitinations of TRAF6 and attenuated TRAF6‐mediated ASK1 activation. Targeting the OTUB1‐TRAF6‐ASK1 axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, the intensive care unit (ICU) community must prepare for the challenges associated with this pandemic. Streamlining of workflows for ...rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission. Management of acute respiratory failure and haemodynamics is key. ICU practitioners, hospital administrators, governments, and policy makers must prepare for a substantial increase in critical care bed capacity, with a focus not just on infrastructure and supplies, but also on staff management. Critical care triage to allow the rationing of scarce ICU resources might be needed. Researchers must address unanswered questions, including the role of repurposed and experimental therapies. Collaboration at the local, regional, national, and international level offers the best chance of survival for the critically ill.
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In this work, the magnetic alginate microsphere of Fe3O4/MgAl-LDH (Fe3O4/LDH-AM) was prepared by immobilizing the Fe3O4/LDH with calcium alginate (CA) and was used to remove Cd2+, ...Pb2+, and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. The obtained Fe3O4/LDH-AM was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area determination. The results indicated that the surface groups of the alginate and LDH were retained and so was the crystal structure in the alginate microsphere. The adsorption performance of the Fe3O4/LDH-AM for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ in aqueous solutions was evaluated by batch and column adsorption experiments. The effects of adsorption conditions, kinetics, isotherms, mechanisms, and potential applications were investigated. The adsorption kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the isotherm data fit well with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption mechanism of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ by the Fe3O4/LDH-AM entailed complexation and precipitation. The experimental breakthrough curves were correlated with the Thomas model. Moreover, the Fe3O4/LDH-AM displayed superior regeneration and reusability. These results suggest that the Fe3O4/LDH-AM is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and can be effectively employed in practical applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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