Inflammation is a complex physiological process that poses a serious threat to people's health. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of inflammation are still not clear. Moreover, there is ...lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs that meet the clinical requirement. Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) is a monomer component isolated from Procyanidin and shows various pharmacological activities. This study further demonstrated the regulatory role of PCA1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Our data showed that PCA1 dramatically attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells administrated with LPS. PCA1 blocked IκB-α degradation, inhibited IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. PCA1 also suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, and ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PCA1 increased the expression of HO-1, reduced the expression of Keap1, and promoted Nrf2 into the nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cellular thermal shift assay indicated that PCA1 bond to TLR4. Meanwhile, PCA1 inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and alleviated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro. Collectively, our data indicated that PCA1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that it is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Flexible and lightweight supercapacitors with superior mechanical flexibility and outstanding capacity are regarded as an ideal power source for wearable electronic devices. Meanwhile, incorporating ...additional novel characters such as transparency and electrochromism can further benefit the development of smart supercapacitors. Nevertheless, the application of the commonly used planar‐structural current collectors is seriously restricted by their intrinsic properties such as poor rigidity, large thickness, and limited loading surface area. Flexible and ultralight current collectors with 3D architecture, high conductivity, and easy integration are believed to be the most appropriate alternatives to build high‐performance supercapacitors. In this study, a novel and scalable manufacturing technique is developed to produce a flexible and ultralight 3D Ni micromesh (3D NM) current collector for supercapacitor. Flexible smart supercapacitor integrated by 3D NM and high active Ni–Co bimetallic hydroxide (3D NM@NiCo BH) delivers a considerable rate performance (60.6% capacity retention from 1 to 50 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the fabricated hybrid supercapacitor device integrated with electrochromic functionality can visually indicate the energy level by a color display. This flexible electrochromic supercapacitor based on ultralight 3D Ni micromesh provides a novel insight into multifunctional energy storage systems for smart wearable electronic devices.
A flexible ultralight 3D Ni micromesh is fabricated via lithography and a selective electrodeposition process. The flexible smart supercapacitor integrated by 3D Ni micromesh and high‐active Ni–Co bimetallic hydroxide delivers a considerable specific capacity, high rate capability, and satisfactory cycling stability. In addition, the device shows an electrochromic functionality to indicate the energy level by a color display visually.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper,
-biharmonic submanifolds with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field in Lorentz space forms are discussed. When
is a constant, we prove that such submanifolds have parallel ...mean curvature vector field with the minimal polynomial of the shape operator of degree
. When
is a function, we completely classify such pseudo-umbilical submanifolds.
•There is a general corresponding relationship between distributions of LST and LULC types.•LSTs of different LULC types follow the pattern of BU > RO > BA > AR > GR > WA.•Correlations between LST ...and LULC types varies greatly with background temperature.•Road can be transformed into a cool source because of WA impacts.•Mitigating UHI effects of RO and BU is extremely important for urban development.
Numerous studies on urban heat island (UHI) effects have examined relationships between land use/land cover (LULC) and land surface temperature (LST), while impacts of environmental temperatures on these relationships have received little attention. This paper has investigated how background temperature affects performances of cool/hot sources in either enhancing or mitigating LST in Shenyang, China based on Landsat 8 image. In specific, according to the method of standard classification method with an interval of 1.0 standard deviation, LST was classified into seven temperature levels: highest, higher, high, medium, low, lower and lowest. Afterwards, the seven levels were merged into three temperature zones (TZ), namely cold TZ (CTZ, highest, higher and high), neutral TZ (NTZ, medium) and hot TZ (HTZ, low, lower and lowest), for investigating relationships between LST and LULC (including building (BU), road (RO), bare land (BA), green land (GR), agricultural land (AG) and water bodies (WA)). LST generally follows the order of BU > RO > BA > AR > GR > WA, but temperature differences between cool/hot sources reduce as background temperature increases. LULC-LST relationships vary greatly with background temperature. Overall, BU and RO have significant positive relationships with LST, while negative relationships are found among GR, AR, WA and LST. However, in CTZ, RO is in negative relationships with LST, GR and WA are no longer significant in NTZ, and GR and BA play significant positive roles in aggravating LST in HTZ. Generally, this study can help orientate scientific decisions in urban environmental governance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) on the maintenance of limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) stemness and restoration of ...ocular surface. To determine the suitable concentration of SPARC for LESC culture, the marker expression, mitogenic effect, and holoclone‐forming capacity of LESCs treated with different concentrations of SPARC were analyzed. To investigate the mechanism of SPARC's action on the preservation of LESCs stemness, the phosphorylation of related signaling pathways was evaluated by Western blotting. A corneal wound model was established to verify the function of SPARC in ocular surface repair. Consecutive subculturing, colony‐forming efficiency, immunofluorescence, and 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays indicated that 1 μg/mL SPARC was a suitable concentration to stimulate LESC proliferation and preserve their proliferative potential. Compared with a control group, 1 μg/mL SPARC effectively increased the expression of ABCG‐2, Bmi‐1, and Ki67, while decreasing that of CK3/12. The mitogenic effect of SPARC on LESCs was found to be mediated by the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38‐MAPK signaling pathways, whereas the inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK reduced the marker expression and mitogenic capacity of LESCs. In a corneal injury model, SPARC facilitated corneal epithelial wound healing and promoted the proliferation of p63α‐positive cells both in the limbus and in the epithelial healing front. SPARC promotes proliferation while suppressing spontaneous differentiation of LESCs through JNK and p38‐MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that SPARC is a promising factor for the improvement of LESCs culture in vitro and in vivo.
When cultured in medium containing1μg/mL secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in vitro, limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) showed a greater proliferative and clonogenic capacity and a higher expression of LESCs marker through c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 MAPK signal pathway. In corneal wounding model, exogenous SPARC accelerated corneal epithelial wound healing and promoted the proliferation of p63α‐positive cells both in limbus and in epithelial healing front.
Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships is a central pursuit in biology. Gene knockout generates a complete loss-of-function genotype and is a commonly used approach for probing gene ...functions. The most severe phenotypic consequence of gene knockout is lethality. Genes with a lethal knockout phenotype are called essential genes. Based on genome-wide knockout analyses in yeasts, up to approximately a quarter of genes in a genome can be essential. Like other genotype-phenotype relationships, gene essentiality is subject to background effects and can vary due to gene-gene interactions. In particular, for some essential genes, lethality caused by knockout can be rescued by extragenic suppressors. Such “bypass of essentiality” (BOE) gene-gene interactions have been an understudied type of genetic suppression. A recent systematic analysis revealed that, remarkably, the essentiality of nearly 30% of essential genes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe can be bypassed by BOE interactions. Here, I review the history and recent progress on uncovering and understanding the bypass of gene essentiality.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This work is devoted to the study of the time–space periodic reaction–diffusion–advection Lotka–Volterra cooperating system in multi-dimensional media. By using the method of sub-super solutions and ...its associated iterations, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the positive periodic solution under appropriate conditions. Finally, we are able to derive the asymptotic behavior of the solutions to the associated Cauchy problem.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nanogels (NGs) are 3‐dimensional (3D) networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains, allowing for effective and homogeneous encapsulation of drugs, genes, or imaging agents for ...biomedical applications. Polyethylenimine (PEI), possessing abundant positively charged amine groups, is an ideal platform for the development of NGs. A variety of effective PEI‐based NGs have been designed and much effort has been devoted to study the relationship between the structure and function of the NGs. In particular, PEI‐based NGs can be prepared either using PEI as the major NG component or using PEI as a crosslinker. This review reports the recent progresses in the design of PEI‐based NGs for gene and drug delivery and for bioimaging applications with a target focus to tackle the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based nanogels (NGs) can be prepared either using PEI as the major NG component or using PEI as a crosslinker. This review updates the recent progresses on PEI‐based NGs for gene and drug delivery as well as for bioimaging applications, with a specific focus on the development of NG platforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nuclear medicine, involving nuclear medicine imaging and radiotherapy (RT), has become a mainstay of theranostics in the field of nanomedicine and several examples have been successfully translated ...into clinical practice. The combination of radionuclides with dendrimers has long been investigated in nuclear imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), providing functional information for whole body quantitative analysis with high sensitivity due to the unique structural advantages of the dendrimer platform. Besides, radioisotopes with both therapeutic and imaging functionalities can also be combined with dendrimer platforms for theranostic applications. In this review, the recent advances in the development of radionuclide‐labeled poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐based nanodevices for targeted PET, SPECT, SPECT/computed tomography, SPECT/magnetic resonance imaging of tumors, RT, as well as for SPECT‐imaging‐guided RT of cancer are summarized. Current restrictions hindering the clinical translation of dendrimer‐based nuclear nanodevices and future prospects are also discussed.
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been employed as a powerful platform to be multifunctionalized through their periphery and internal cavities. This review summarizes the recent progresses in the development of radionuclide‐labeled PAMAM dendrimer‐based nanodevices for targeted positron emission tomography (PET), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), SPECT/computed tomography (CT), SPECT/magnetic resonance imaging, PET/CT imaging, radiotherapy, and nuclear imaging‐guided radiotherapy of cancer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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