Background Increased blood pressure and elevated total cholesterol （TC） level are the two most important modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the world. Hypertension and ...hypercholesterolemia co-exist more often than would be expected and whether there is a synergistic impact on fatal CVD between elevated TC and hypertension need to be further examined in Chinese population. Methods We conducted a cohort study which recruited 5092 Chinese male steelworkers aged 18-74 years in 1974-1980 and followed up for an average of 20.84 years. Totally 302 fatal CVD events were documented by the year of 2001. Cox proportional hazards regression models were undertaken to adjust for baseline variables with fatal CVD events as the outcome variable. Additive interaction model was used to evaluate the interaction between elevated TC and hypertension. Results Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio （HR） of fatal CVD （1.67 （95% CI 1.18-2.38） and 2.91 （95% CI 2.23-3.80） respectively. Compared to participants with normotension and TC 〈240 mg/dl, the HRs were 1.11 （95% CI 0.56-2.21）, 2.74 （95% CI 2.07-3.64） for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension respectively, and 5.51 （95% CI 3.58-8.46） for participants with both risk factors. There was an additive interaction with a 2.65 （95% CI 0.45-4.85） relative excess risk （RERI） between hypercholesterolemia and hypertension on CVD. Conclusion We found that the risk of fatal CVD was significantly associated with an additive interaction due to hypercholesterolemia and hypertension besides a conventional main effect derived from either of them, which highlights that the prevention and treatment of both risk factors might improve the individual risk profile thus reduce the CVD mortality.
Aim: Cytochrome P450s (CYP450) enzymes regulate inflammation and atherosclerosis and can affect carotid plaque stability in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to investigate the ...association of CYP450 genetic variants with CYP plasma metabolite levels and plaque stability in patients with IS. Methods: Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP genes and their plasma metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETEs) levels were measured in 396 patients with IS who underwent high-resolution B-mode ultrasound carotid plaque detection and were stratified into the following groups: non-carotid plaque and carotid plaque groups. The carotid plaque was further classified into subgroups of echolucent plaque (ELP) and echogenic plaque (EGP). Results: Among the 396 patients with IS, 294 cases (74%) had plaques. The frequency of rs17110453CC, rs751141 GG, and rs9333025 GG genotypes was significantly higher in patients with plaque than those without plaque. The CC, GG, GG, and GG genotypes of rs17110453, rs776746, rs751141, and rs9333025 polymorphisms were independently associated with ELP (OR, 2.62 1.34-5.26; OR, 1.89 1.16-3.58; OR, 3.12 1.27-7.13; and OR, 2.06 1.34-6.33, respectively). These polymorphisms were also associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels. Patients with ELP have also shown significantly higher levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs, but lower levels of EETs. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that CYP450 SNPs are associated with plasma CYP450 metabolite levels and echolucent plaques, indicating that these SNPs may be potential markers for plaque instability.
To identify prognostic factors for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), specifically those classified into conflicting subgroups by Hans' and Choi's classification algorithms. We ...retrospectively reviewed clinical and pathological data of 154 patients diagnosed with de novo DLBCL in the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2004 to September 2011. All cases were classified into subgroups based on Hans' and Choi's algorithms with immunohistochemical markers. Statistical Analysis Used: The correlation between various clinicopathological factors and 5-year survival rate, the correlation between those factors with the International Prognostic Index, the concordance between Hans' and Choi's approach was evaluated. The survival in different subtypes as classified by Hans' or Choi's approach was mapped. Results: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression or negative Bcl-6 expression significantly correlated with worse prognosis. The two algorithms showed good consistency (83% concordance, Kappa = 0.660, P < 0.001). By both classifications, the 5-year overall survival rate in germinal center B-cell-like subtype (GCB) lymphoma is significantly higher than that in the non-GCB subtype. There were 25 cases assigned to conflicting subtypes by the two approaches. Among these 25 cases, ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression significantly correlated with worse prognosis. Conclusions: ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression are independent markers for poor prognosis of DLBCL patients. There were 15% cases assigned to conflicting subgroups based on the two algorithms. For these cases, ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression still significantly correlate with poor prognosis.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to provide the fundamental basis for control and application of sea cucumber autolysis, the contribution of cathepsin L to intestinal proteolysis in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) was ...investigated. Cathepsin L mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by 1.80 ± 0.44-fold with ultraviolet irradiation (p< 0.05). According to the protein pattern identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and determination of the release of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble oligopeptide, high intestinal protein degradation was observed at pH 4.4 and 48°C. Intestinal protein proteolysis was strongly inhibited by cathepsin L inhibitors, including trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucyl-amido (4-guani-dino)butane (E-64), iodoacetic acid (IA), and antipain (AP). These results imply that cathepsin L is involved in intestinal autolysis in the sea cucumber S. japonicus.
Abbreviations: TCA: trichloroacetic acid; Z-Phe-Arg-AMC: Z-Phe-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcou-marin; IA: iodoacetic acid; E-64: trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucyl-amido (4-guanidino) butane; AP: antipain; SBTI: soybean trypsin inhibitor; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Objective.
To investigate discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)-1 (DOG-1) and protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) expression in a series of GISTs and determine the sensitivity, ...specificity, and diagnostic value of these two antigens.
Methods.
Immnunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect CD117, DOG-1, PKC-θ, CD34, Ki-67, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), S100, and Desmin expression in 147 GISTs and 51 non-GISTs. c-Kit gene (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) gene (exons 12 and 18) mutations were also detected.
Results.
About 94.5% GISTs were CD117 positive, 96% were DOG-1 positive, and 90.5% were PKC-θ positive. DOG-1 had a specificity of 100%, while CD117 and PKC-θ had a specificity of 90% and 80%, respectively. There was no significant difference between DOG-1 and PKC-θ expressions when compared to CD117 expression. In 30 out of 42 (71.5%) GISTs, a c-Kit gene mutation was found, and in 3 out of 42 cases (7%), PDGFRA was mutated. Wild-type c-Kit/PDGFRA genes accounted for 21.5% (9/42). Most c-Kit gene mutations were found to be located at exon 11, mainly as in-frame deletions. Mutations in exon 9 were all missense mutations. Most PDGFRA gene mutations were found in exon 18, codon 842. c-Kit gene mutations in exons 13 and 17, and the PDGFRA gene mutation in exon 12 were not detected.
Conclusions.
Compared to CD117, DOG-1 is a biomarker with higher sensitivity and specificity. The combination of CD117 and DOG-1 can be used to improve the diagnosis of GIST. Although PKC-θ has a lower specificity than DOG-1, it can be a useful biomarker, especially in CD117− and/or DOG-1− cases.
Hydrothermal reactions of CdSO4 with tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,3-H2BDC) or 5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (5-NO2-1,3-H2BDC) resulted in the ...formation of two coordination polymers Cd(tpcb)0.5(1,3-BDC)n (1) and {Cd2(tpcb)(5-NO2-1,3-BDC)2(OH2)2·4H2O}n (2), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 exhibit two different types of two-fold interpenetrating 3D architectures with (66)2(64·82) and (52·8)(54·6∙8)(4·53·62·7·82·10) Schläfli symbols, respectively. Their thermal and photoluminescent properties were also investigated.
Two Cd(II) 3D coordination polymers Cd(tpcb)0.5(1,3-BDC)n and {Cd2(tpcb)(5-NO2-1,3-BDC)2(OH2)2·4H2O}n were generated from hydrothermal reactions of CdSO4 with tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,3-H2BDC) or 5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (5-NO2-1,3-H2BDC). These complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray crystallography and their thermal and luminescent properties were studied. Display omitted
•Reaction of CdSO4 with tpcb and 5-R-1,3-H2BDC (R=H, NO2) gave two complexes.•1 has a 3D (4,4)-connected net with a (66)2(64·82) Schläfli symbol.•2 has a 3D (3,4,5)-connected net with a (52·8)(54·6·8)(4·53·62·7·82·10) topology.•It offers insight into how the MOF arrays are affected by substituent groups.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
1 Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
2 Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliate of ...Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
3 Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
4 Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
5 Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
Correspondence Yong-Zhen Zhang yongzhenzhang{at}sohu.com
To gain further insight into the molecular epidemiology of Hantaan virus (HTNV) in Guizhou, China, rodents were captured in this region in 2004 and 2005. In addition, serum samples were collected from four patients. Ten hantaviruses were isolated successfully in cell culture from four humans, two Apodemus agrarius , three Rattus norvegicus and one Rattus nitidus . The nucleotide sequences for their small (S), medium (M) and partial large (L) segments were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the S and M segment sequences revealed that all of these isolates belong to the species HTNV, suggesting a spillover of HTNV from A. agrarius to Rattus rats. All available isolates from Guizhou were divided into four distinct groups either in the S segment tree or in the M segment tree. The clustering pattern of these isolates in the S segment tree was not in agreement with that in the M or L segment tree, showing that genetic reassortment between HTNV had occurred naturally. Analysis of the S segment sequences from available HTNV strains indicated that they formed three clades. The first clade, which comprised only viruses from Guizhou, was the outgroup of clades II and III. The viruses in the second clade were found in Guizhou and mainly in the far-east Asian region, including China. However, the viruses in the third clade were found in most areas of China, including Guizhou, in which haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic. Our results reveal that the highest genetic diversity of HTNV is in a limited geographical region of Guizhou, and suggest that Guizhou might be a radiation centre of the present form of HTNV.
GenBank accession numbers of the S, M and L segment sequences determined in this study are given in Table 1.
Two supplementary tables and a supplementary figure are available with the online version of this paper.
Aim. We report the dynamic anatomical sequence of human cortical gray matter development from late childhood to young adults using VBM and ROI-based methods. Method. The structural MRI of 91 normal ...individuals ranging in age from 6 to 26 years was obtained and the GMV for each region was measured. Results. Our results showed that the earliest loss of GMV occurred in left olfactory, right precuneus, caudate, left putamen, pallidum, and left middle temporal gyrus. In addition, the trajectory of maturational and aging showed a linear decline in GMV on both cortical lobes and subcortical regions. The most loss of gray matter was observed in the parietal lobe and basal ganglia, whereas the less loss occurred in the temporal lobe and hippocampus, especially in the left middle temporal pole, which showed no decline until 26 years old. Moreover, the volumes of GM, WM, and CSF were also assessed for linear age effects, showing a significant linear decline in GM with age and a significant linear increase in both WM and CSF with age. Interpretation. Overall, our findings lend support to previous findings of the normal brain development of regional cortex, and they may help in understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Our objective was to study the properties of the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA‐SE) and the methodology of cell labeling using CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye. First, we analyzed the ...kinetics of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye intensity over time. Second, we determined the optimal concentration of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye for cell labeling. Third, we tested the toxicity of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye on labeled cells. Finally, we determined the optimal staining time of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye for cell labeling. The results show that the optimal concentration of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye for cell labeling varies according to different cell types. CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye is non‐toxic to cells as the cell death rate caused by CFDASE labeling is below 5%. The optimal cell labeling time was determined to be 8 min of incubation with CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye. We concluded that the advantages of using CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye for cell labeling are as follows: (1) the binding of CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye to cells is stable; (2) CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye is not toxic and does not modify the viability of labeled cells; and (3) CFDA‐SE fluorescent dye is a suitable fluorochrome for cell labeling.
Edited by: Xue‐Liang ZHU
PDF
