Rapeseed contains glucosinolates, a toxic group of sulfur-containing glucosides, which play critical roles in defense against herbivores and microbes. However, the presence of glucosinolates in ...rapeseed reduces the value of the meal as feed for livestock. We performed association mapping of seed glucosinolate (GS) content using the 60K Brassica Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 520 oilseed rape accessions. A total of 11 peak SNPs significantly associated with GS content were detected in growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 and were located on B. napus chromosomes A08, A09, C03, and C09, respectively. Two associated regions of GS content covered by these markers were further verified, and three B. napus homologous genes involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of GS were identified. These genes were multigene family members and were distributed on different chromosomes. Moreover, two genes (BnGRT2 and BnMYB28) associated with GS content were validated by the qRT-PCR analysis of their expression profiles. The further identification and functionalization of these genes will provide useful insight into the mechanism underlying GS biosynthesis and allocation in B. napus, and the associated SNPs markers could be helpful for molecular maker-assisted breeding for low seed GS in B. napus.
In animal models, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis take place around cerebral infarction areas during ischemia, which presumably protect tissues from necroses-induced injury as well as ...promote cells toward death. We examined whether these pathological changes, especially temporal occurrence, were present in patients who suffered from cerebral ischemia. The studies by immunohistochemistry show that ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase-9 elevate around infarction areas. The experiments by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) illustrate that TUNEL-positive cells are higher around infarction tissues than controls. Moreover, GRP78, caspase-9 and TUNEL cells emerge one after another during ischemia. In conclusion, ER stress, apoptosis initiation and DNA fragment develop sequentially in ischemic human brain. ER stress during excessive ischemia stimulates apoptotic cell death beyond activating a defense for nerve cells being away from injury.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background
Erythropoietin (Epo) is the central regulator of red blood cell production and can stimulate proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Now, recombinant human ...erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is widely used in patients with renal disease, chronic anemia, and iron deficiency of early childhood. It has been reported that the enhanced erythropoiesis associated with erythropoietin therapy increases intestinal iron absorption, but the molecular mechanisms underlying are unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of rHuEpo on duodenal iron transport protein synthesis in rats.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g were randomly divided into two groups: (1) rHuEpo injection group (rHuEpo, 500 IU/day, s.c.), and (2) control group (injection of the same volume of saline). After 3 days injection, blood parameters, serum iron status, and non-heme iron concentrations in the liver and duodenum were examined at the fifth day. The mRNA levels and protein synthesis of duodenal divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin 1 (FPN1), and hephaestin (Hp) were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.
Results
rHuEpo injection significantly stimulated erythropoiesis and decreased serum iron status, non-heme iron concentrations in the liver and duodenum. DMT1 (+IRE) and Hp expression in duodenum were increased significantly. However, DMT1 (−IRE) and FPN1 expression had no apparent change. Hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression was decreased dramatically, reaching an almost undetectable level in rHuEpo-treated rats.
Conclusions
rHuEpo administration improved the duodenal iron absorption by increasing the expression of DMT1 (+IRE) and Hp.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
With the increasing performance demand from the display market,
it has become ever more important to realize wide color gamut and
low power consumption. Employing a phosphorescence‐sensitized
...fluorescence (PSF) mechanism, we introduced a narrow‐spectrum
green light‐emitting layer (EML) to the state‐of‐the‐art OLED
device structure suitable for mass production and investigate its
effect on device performance. Compared with the reference
phosphorescent device, the optimal PSF devices have achieved
more than 20% efficiency improvement in the range of CIEx 0.17‐
0.27, showing the advantages of high efficiency and high color
purity.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To establish a method for fingerprinting of Fuzhisan (FZS, a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation) using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and evaporative light scattering ...detector (HPLC-UV/ELSD) to allow simultaneous determination of 5 major constituents in the preparation.
HPLC-UV/ELSD analysis was performed on water AlltechC18 column (5 microm, 4.6 mm x 250 mm) with a mixture of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% acetice acid water (B) as the mobile phase. The solvent A gradient for elution was 0, 12%; 25, 20%; 30, 20%; 75, 30%; 105, 40%; 120, 80%; 130, 12%, with the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min; and the column temperature at 30 degrees . The detective wavelength was 335 nm, drift tube temperature was 80 degrees , pressure of nebulizer gas was 25 psi. The similarities between the HPLC-UV/ELSD fingerprints of the 12 extracts were calculated using similarity evaluation software.
The fingerprint of FZS was established and the 5 major constituents were identified. The complementarity between the f
In the field of material protection coating, there is a market demand for replacing the traditional electroplating process with the thermal spraying process, but supporting information in the aspects ...of the cavitation and corrosion resistances of corresponding coatings is inadequate. To solve this problem, Nickel - based coatings with similar chemical compositions were prepared respectively by HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) thermal spraying and traditional electroplating process. The microstructure, cavitation resistance and corrosion resistance of the thermally sprayed and electroplated coatings were researched by XRD, ultrasonic cavitation test and electrochemical corrosion test. Results showed that the hardness of thermally sprayed coating was about 50% higher than that of the electroplated coating and the cavitation wear mechanisms of these two coatings were different. After cavitation, the surface of thermally sprayed coating was obviously brighter and smoother than that of the electroplated coating, a
Triptolide (TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward ...rheumatoid arthritis, but its clinical application is confined by intense side effects. It is reported that licorice can obviously reduce the toxicity of TP, but the detailed mechanisms involved have not been comprehensively investigated. The current study aimed to explore metabolomics characteristics of the toxic reaction induced by TP and the intervention effect of licorice water extraction (LWE) against such toxicity. Obtained urine samples from control, TP and TP + LWE treated rats were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of the control and the TP group were well differentiated by the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The toxicity of TP was demonstrated to be evolving along with the exposure time of TP. Eight potential biomarkers related to TP toxicity were successfully identified in urine samples. Furthermore, LWE treatment could attenuate the change in six of the eight identified biomarkers. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the alterations in these metabolites were associated with tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that LWE demonstrated interventional effects on TP toxicity through regulation of tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, which provided novel insights into the possible mechanisms of TP toxicity as well as the potential therapeutic effects of LWE against such toxicity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Summary
Spray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative strategy for crop protection. However, the mechanism of SIGS is not known. Here, we first demonstrate that secondary small interfering RNA ...(siRNA) amplification limits the application of SIGS. A myosin5 gene (Myo5) was chosen as the target of SIGS in an agronomically important pathogen—Fusarium asiaticum. Five segments corresponding to the different regions of the Myo5 gene were found to efficiently silence Myo5, resulting in cell wall defects, life cycle disruption and virulence reduction. Myo5‐8 (one of the Myo5 segments) induced sequence‐specific RNA interference (RNAi) activity in F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum, but not in other fungi, in vitro. Remarkably, the silencing of Myo5 lasted for only 9 h unless the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) was continuously supplied, because F. asiaticum is unable to maintain siRNA amplification. After spraying on plants, dsRNAs were more efficiently taken up via the wounded surface. The antifungal activity of dsRNAs taken up by plant cells was higher and longer lasting than that dried onto the plant surface. In contrast with dsRNAs in fungi, dsRNAs in plant cells could efficiently turn into substantial siRNAs via secondary amplification machinery. Our findings provide new implications to develop SIGS as a mainstream disease control strategy against Fusarium and other fungi.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Increased blood pressure and elevated total cholesterol （TC） level are the two most important modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the world. Hypertension and ...hypercholesterolemia co-exist more often than would be expected and whether there is a synergistic impact on fatal CVD between elevated TC and hypertension need to be further examined in Chinese population. Methods We conducted a cohort study which recruited 5092 Chinese male steelworkers aged 18-74 years in 1974-1980 and followed up for an average of 20.84 years. Totally 302 fatal CVD events were documented by the year of 2001. Cox proportional hazards regression models were undertaken to adjust for baseline variables with fatal CVD events as the outcome variable. Additive interaction model was used to evaluate the interaction between elevated TC and hypertension. Results Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio （HR） of fatal CVD （1.67 （95% CI 1.18-2.38） and 2.91 （95% CI 2.23-3.80） respectively. Compared to participants with normotension and TC 〈240 mg/dl, the HRs were 1.11 （95% CI 0.56-2.21）, 2.74 （95% CI 2.07-3.64） for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension respectively, and 5.51 （95% CI 3.58-8.46） for participants with both risk factors. There was an additive interaction with a 2.65 （95% CI 0.45-4.85） relative excess risk （RERI） between hypercholesterolemia and hypertension on CVD. Conclusion We found that the risk of fatal CVD was significantly associated with an additive interaction due to hypercholesterolemia and hypertension besides a conventional main effect derived from either of them, which highlights that the prevention and treatment of both risk factors might improve the individual risk profile thus reduce the CVD mortality.
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