Grade assessment of steel is generally performed via the metallographic method, which is time-consuming and is not able to provide the elemental distribution information. In this paper, we presenta ...method to measure the globular oxide inclusion ratings in steel using laser-induced breakdown spec-troscopy （LIBS）. The measurement is performed in two basic steps： steel samples are polished usingmetallographic sand paper and the A1203 inclusion number and size distribution in a marked areaare observed using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （SEM/EDS）for further LIBS scanning analysis. The threshold intensity that distinguishes soluble aluminum andinsoluble aluminum inclusions is determined using LIBS combined with the SEM/EDS statistical data.Carbon steel （the sample number is S9256） and bearing steel （the sample number is GCr15） are ana-lyzed in scanning mode, and the number of A1203 inclusions in different size ranges is obtained fromthe statistical information derived from the A1203 size calibration curve. According to heavy and thinseries for globular oxide inclusions grade assessment, the method we propose is comparable to thetraditional metallographic method in terms of accuracy; however, the process is simplified and themeasurement speed is significantly improved.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Gentianales consist of Apocynaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae, of which the majority are woody plants in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite extensive efforts in ...reconstructing the phylogeny of Gentianales based on molecular data, some interfamily and intrafamily relationships remain uncertain. We reconstructed the genus-level phylogeny of Gentianales based on the supermatrix of eight plastid markers （rbcL, marK, atpB, ndhF rp116, rps16, the trnL-trnF region, and atpB-rbcL spacer） and one mitochondrial gene （matR） using maximum likelihood. The major clades and their relationships retrieved in the present study concur with those of previous studies. All of the five families of Gentianales are monophyletic with strong support. We resolved Rubiaceae as sister to the remaining families in Gentianales and showed support for the sister relationship between Loganiaceae and Apocynaceae. Our results provide new insights into relationships among intrafamilial clades. For example, within Rubiaceae we found that Craterispermeae were sister to Morindeae ＋ （Palicoureeae ＋ Psychotrieae） and that Theligoneae were sister to Putorieae. Within Gentianaceae, our phylogeny revealed that Gentianeae were sister to Helieae and Potalieae, and subtribe Lisianthiinae were sister to Potaliinae and Faroinae. Within Loganiaceae, we found Neuburgia as sister to Spigelieae. Within Apocynaceae, our results supported Amsonieae as sister to Melodineae, and Hunterieae as sister to a clade comprising Plumerieae ＋ （Carisseae ＋ APSA）. We also confirmed the monophyly of Perplocoideae and the relationships among Baisseeae ＋ （Secamonoideae ＋ Asclepiadoideae）.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems features contributions from leading world experts in the fields of density functional theory (DFT) and its applications to material and ...biological systems. The recent developments of correlation functionals, implementations of Time-dependent algorithm into DFTB+ method are presented. The applications of DFT method to large materials and biological systems such as understanding of optical and electronic properties of nanoparticles, X-ray structure refinement of proteins, the catalytic process of enzymes and photochemistry of phytochromes are detailed. In addition, the book reviews the recent developments of methods for protein design and engineering, as well as ligand-based drug design. Some insightful information about the 2011 International Symposium on Computational Sciences is also provided.Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems is aimed at faculties and researchers in the fields of computational physics, chemistry and biology, as well as at the biotech and pharmaceutical industries.
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FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
It becomes an increasing concern that groundwater quality in exploited deep confined aquifer may deteriorate due to brackish water leakage from its overlying saline aquifer in Hebei Plain. However, ...the monitoring data show that the TDS does not significantly change in the exploited aquifer. Some physics or chemistry processes must have taken place in aquitards during brackish leakage. The semi-permeable membrane function of clay aquitard during the process of hyperfiltration（reverse osmosis） should be one of the most important processes. To confirm and test this hyperfiltration mechanism, a series of experiments were performed in which Na Cl solutions were hydraulically forced through different clay sampled from aquitard. The solution 7 g/L in NaC l was forced through at 20 °C by a fluid pressure of 0.5 kN. The results show that hyperfiltration indeed happens in caly aquitard. Semi-permeability is quantified by the reflection coefficient σ. The mean rejection coefficients（σ） for clay samples #1, #2 and #3 were estimated to be 0.063, 0.164 and 0.040, respectively. This behavior of clay was well explained with the theory of the diffuse double layer. The hyperfiltration effect is to the great extent responsible for the chemical process in the aquitard.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent a large protein family, which includes several members that catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde to its corresponding carboxylic acid in plants. Genes ...encoding members of the ALDH7 subfamily have been suggested to play important roles in various stress adaptations in plants. In this study, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that a maize ALDH7 subfamily member (ZmALDH7B6) was constitutively expressed in various organs, including roots, leaves, immature ears, tassels, and developing seeds. The abundance of ZmALDH7B6 mRNA transcripts in maize roots was increased by ammonium, NaCl, and mannitol treatments. To further analyze tissue-specific and stress-induced expression patterns, the 1.5-kb 5´-flanking ZmALDH7B6 promoter region was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and introduced into maize plants. In roots of independent transgenic lines, there was significant induction of GUS activity in response to ammonium supply, confirming ammonium-dependent expression of ZmALDH7B6 at the transcript level. Histochemical staining showed that GUS activity driven by the ZmALDH7B6 promoter was mainly localized in the vascular tissues of maize roots. These results suggested that ZmALDH7B6 is induced by multiple environmental stresses in maize roots, and may play a role in detoxifying aldehydes, particularly in vascular tissue.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
碩士
國立高雄大學
生物科技研究所
100
Akt plays an important role in neuronal survival, especially phosphorylated Akt. Additionally, there are reports that excess ROS (reactive oxygen species) can damage neuronal ...cells. However, the damage can be prevented by anti-oxidant enzymes such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), Catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In order to realize the relationship between anti-oxidant enzymes and survival signal, Neuro-2a cell line was used in this research. Three different Rac1 genes were transfected into cells, including wild type Rac1, constitutive activated G12V, and dominant negative T17N. After transfecting, 10μM Retinoic acid (RA) was treated to induce neurite outgrowth. In this research, neurite outgrowth was found in Rac1 wild type and G12V, but not T17N. Protein expressions of p-Akt, SOD1 and Catalase were increased in all transfection treatments, but not Akt and SOD2. In the assay of immunoprecipitation, Rac1 could bind to Akt and induced neurite outgrowth. RA-induced Rac1 enhanced its bin
Aldehyde dehydrogenases（ALDHs） represent a large protein family, which includes several members that catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde to its corresponding carboxylic acid in plants. Genes ...encoding members of the ALDH7 subfamily have been suggested to play important roles in various stress adaptations in plants. In this study, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that a maize ALDH7 subfamily member（ZmALDH7B6） was constitutively expressed in various organs, including roots, leaves, immature ears, tassels, and developing seeds. The abundance of ZmALDH7B6 mRNA transcripts in maize roots was increased by ammonium, NaCl, and mannitol treatments. To further analyze tissue-specific and stress-induced expression patterns, the 1.5-kb 5′-flanking ZmALDH7B6 promoter region was fused to the β-glucuronidase（GUS） reporter gene and introduced into maize plants. In roots of independent transgenic lines, there was significant induction of GUS activity in response to ammonium supply, confirming ammonium-dependent expression of ZmALDH7B6 at the transcript level. Histochemical staining showed that GUS activity driven by the ZmALDH7B6 promoter was mainly localized in the vascular tissues of maize roots. These results suggested that ZmALDH7B6 is induced by multiple environmental stresses in maize roots, and may play a role in detoxifying aldehydes, particularly in vascular tissue.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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