In India, specialized tuberculosis clinics exist mostly in cities. These clinics treat mainly persons with an awareness of symptoms who present themselves of their own accord. The few persons without ...symptoms are those who have been advised to have an examination. The urge to attend a specialized centre, presumably motivated by suffering or discomfort from symptoms and by awareness that specialized services exist, does not appear to be strong enough to overcome all the "obstacles" that lie between the patient and the tuberculosis clinic. A distance of 4 miles (6.4 km) or more is a major obstacle, irrespective of where the town limits lie. The socio-economic value of the patient to his family also appears to influence attendance. There is evidence that most patients first approach treatment sources, without regard to the nature of the service, whether specialized or general. It has been observed that if the quality of service rendered by a centre is unsatisfactory, the patient may constantly search for "better" treatment. Social considerations, other than suffering, which influence attendance could be termed "social preference". The justification for strengthening general health institutions (with adequate means for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis), without taking urban or rural factors into consideration, is discussed in the light of the findings of this study.
In order to study the effect of material characteristics on static electrification phenomena, the charging current characteristics of different polymeric materials, such as, PTFE, XLPE (cross-linked ...polyethylene), LDPE (low-density polyethylene) silicone rubber, EVA, EPR, pressboard, etc., in paraffinic-based transformer oil were investigated. Use was made of spinning disc system (SDS) over a temperature range of 27-60/spl deg/C and at a rotational speed varying from 250 to 2000 rpm. The charging current characteristics of the above materials were also investigated in the presence of conducting contaminants like cupric oxide and iron particles. The oil/silicone system had the lowest and the oil/LDPE system had the highest charging current characteristics. The oil/silicone, oil/EPR, and oil/PTFE systems exhibited peak current characteristics. The presence of contaminants particles like CuO and iron reduced the charging current characteristics of the oil/polymer systems significantly.< >
A generalized methodology for modeling various system components in power system dynamics simulation studies is presented in this paper. One of the salient features of the method is its applicability ...to transient stability, mid-term dynamics simulation and long-term dynamics simulation. Also, the application of sparse matrix techniques to the computation of initial conditions is presented.
Charging tendency in transformer oil Poovamma, P.K.; Jagadish, R.; Dwarakanath, K.
Proceedings 1992 Annual Report: Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,
1992
Conference Proceeding
Many failures in large forced-oil-cooled power transformers have been specifically attributed to static electrification, due to the flow of insulating oil. For this reason detailed investigations of ...some of the important parameters, such as flow rate, moisture content, temperature, extent of aging, and presence of copper, affecting the charging tendency of the oil have been carried out by employing a ministatic tester and a spinning disk system with paraffinic based oil. It is observed that the aforementioned parameters significantly influence the charging tendency of the oil.< >
