The Muon g − 2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency ωam to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and ...56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of aμ ( FNAL ) = 116 592 040 ( 54 ) × 10−11 (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis, and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the 11 separate determinations of ωam, and the systematic uncertainties on the result.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
GaN synthesized by close space vapor transport in vacuum using GaN powder as the source material is reported. According to X-ray diffraction measurements, samples grown onto sapphire substrates are ...polycrystalline with the wurzite structure, while those grown onto fused silica substrates are amorphous. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy results show that the surface of the samples is composed of rounded droplets of GaN. Room temperature photoluminescence shows near band-edge emission and a broad defect band. Possible mechanisms allowing the deposition of GaN from the vapors of GaN powder are discussed.
► GaN compound was prepared using a CSVT configuration in vacuum. ► Catalytic effect of liquid gallium in the decomposition of the N2 molecules does not seem to explain the formation of GaN in these conditions. ► Intense luminescence in these GaN thin films was observable with the naked eye.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Porosity of zeolite support modified the Pt dispersion and particle size.•Faujasite presence improved the catalytic activity of Pt for methanol oxidation.•Pt/zeolite-C is electrochemically more ...active and stable than Pt/zeolite and Pt/C.
In this work, we investigate the effect of zeolite–carbon composite as support of Pt (Pt/zeolite-carbon) on the electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acid media. Three different zeolites were evaluated: faujasite (FAU), merlinoite (W) and analcime (ANA). Zeolite-carbon substrate and Pt nanoparticles were synthesized by sol gel and ultrasound, methods, respectively. FAU zeolite exhibits higher specific surface area constituted by micro and mesoporosity compared to ANA and W zeolites, which are characterized by their mesoporous structure. TEM results shows that Pt/FAU-C enhances the formation of smaller Pt clusters compared to Pt/W-C and Pt/ANA-C which exhibit a homogeneous Pt dispersion. XRD results indicate that Pt/zeolite-C shows different intensity of Pt crystallinity. XPS analysis indicated the presence of Pt0 and Pt2+ on the electrocatalysts. The content of Pt0 was influenced by the nature of the support evaluated. The Pt/FAU-C electrocatalyst exhibited higher electrochemical activity for MOR showing the lowest onset potentials and the highest oxidation current of methanol compared to Pt/W-C, Pt/ANA-C and Pt/C. It was associated with the intrinsic properties of substrates that modify the size, dispersion, crystallinity, electronic density and hydrogen ion spillover for MOR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A series of supported catalysts based on ceramic type supports (ZrO2–SBA15 and ZrO2–La2O3) and refractory metals (Mo,Cr) were prepared and tested in the methane reforming with hydrogen sulfide (H2S). ...The main products of the reaction were hydrogen (H2) and carbon disulfide (CS2). The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by XRD, STEM and N2-BET methods mainly. The evolution of crystalline phases along the reaction led to formation of sulfides and carbides, i.e., MoS2, ZrS2 and the carbides MoC, Mo3C2, which could be the active phases. At high temperatures (1073 K–1123 K) the SBA-15 structure collapses while formation of mixed phases occurs i.e., ZrSiO4; the CH4 and H2S conversion rates were dependent on temperature and catalysts composition, however, the evolution of crystalline phases at high temperatures seems essential for achieving high activity and selectivity.
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•Mo and Cr were added in ZrO2–SBA15 and La2O3–ZrO2 for the CH4 reforming with H2S.•The catalytic processes were developed under mild operating conditions.•High conversions of methane were tested near to 100%.•High selectivity to hydrogen was reached in the catalytic activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We present LAISS (Lightcurve Anomaly Identification and Similarity Search), an automated pipeline to detect anomalous astrophysical transients in real-time data streams. We deploy our anomaly ...detection model on the nightly ZTF Alert Stream via the ANTARES broker, identifying a manageable \(\sim\)1-5 candidates per night for expert vetting and coordinating follow-up observations. Our method leverages statistical light-curve and contextual host-galaxy features within a random forest classifier, tagging transients of rare classes (spectroscopic anomalies), of uncommon host-galaxy environments (contextual anomalies), and of peculiar or interaction-powered phenomena (behavioral anomalies). Moreover, we demonstrate the power of a low-latency (\(\sim\)ms) approximate similarity search method to find transient analogs with similar light-curve evolution and host-galaxy environments. We use analogs for data-driven discovery, characterization, (re-)classification, and imputation in retrospective and real-time searches. To date we have identified \(\sim\)50 previously known and previously missed rare transients from real-time and retrospective searches, including but not limited to: SLSNe, TDEs, SNe IIn, SNe IIb, SNe Ia-CSM, SNe Ia-91bg-like, SNe Ib, SNe Ic, SNe Ic-BL, and M31 novae. Lastly, we report the discovery of 325 total transients, all observed between 2018-2021 and absent from public catalogs (\(\sim\)1% of all ZTF Astronomical Transient reports to the Transient Name Server through 2021). These methods enable a systematic approach to finding the "needle in the haystack" in large-volume data streams. Because of its integration with the ANTARES broker, LAISS is built to detect exciting transients in Rubin data.
Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, invasive species and ...climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refugia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitoring schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently needed: (i) to provide quantitative baselines for detecting changes within island ecosystems, (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management actions, and (iii) to identify general ecological patterns and processes using multiple island systems as repeated ‘natural experiments’. In this contribution, we call for a Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) for monitoring the remaining native island forests, using bryophytes, vascular plants, selected groups of arthropods and vertebrates as model taxa. As a basis for the GIMS, we also present new, optimized monitoring protocols for bryophytes and arthropods that were developed based on former standardized inventory protocols. Effective inventorying and monitoring of native island forests will require: (i) permanent plots covering diverse ecological gradients (e.g. elevation, age of terrain, anthropogenic disturbance); (ii) a multiple-taxa approach that is based on standardized and replicable protocols; (iii) a common set of indicator taxa and community properties that are indicative of native island forests’ welfare, building on, and harmonized with existing sampling and monitoring efforts; (iv) capacity building and training of local researchers, collaboration and continuous dialogue with local stakeholders; and (v) long-term commitment by funding agencies to maintain a global network of native island forest monitoring plots.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background
The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (ASPSM) is a consortium of cancer centers performing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). ...This is a position paper from the ASPSM on the standardization of the delivery of HIPEC.
Methods
A survey was conducted of all cancer centers performing HIPEC in the United States. We attempted to obtain consensus by the modified method of Delphi on seven key HIPEC parameters: (1) method, (2) inflow temperature, (3) perfusate volume, (4) drug, (5) dosage, (6) timing of drug delivery, and (7) total perfusion time. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests.
Results
Response rates for ASPSM members (
n
= 45) and non-ASPSM members (
n
= 24) were 89 and 33 %, respectively. Of the responders from ASPSM members, 95 % agreed with implementing the proposal. Majority of the surgical oncologists favored the closed method of delivery with a standardized dual dose of mitomycin for a 90-min chemoperfusion for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin.
Conclusions
This recommendation on a standardized delivery of HIPEC in patients with colorectal cancer represents an important first step in enhancing research in this field. Studies directed at maximizing the efficacy of each of the seven key elements will need to follow.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Investigating and understanding gene-environment interaction (G × E) in a neurodevelopmentally and biologically plausible manner is a major challenge for schizophrenia research. Hypoxia during ...neurodevelopment is one of several environmental factors related to the risk of schizophrenia, and links between schizophrenia candidate genes and hypoxia regulation or vascular expression have been proposed. Given the availability of a wealth of complex genetic information on schizophrenia in the literature without knowledge on the connections to environmental factors, we now systematically collected genes from candidate studies (using SzGene), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and copy number variation (CNV) analyses, and then applied four criteria to test for a (theoretical) link to ischemia-hypoxia and/or vascular factors. In all, 55% of the schizophrenia candidate genes (n=42 genes) met the criteria for a link to ischemia-hypoxia and/or vascular factors. Genes associated with schizophrenia showed a significant, threefold enrichment among genes that were derived from microarray studies of the ischemia-hypoxia response (IHR) in the brain. Thus, the finding of a considerable match between genes associated with the risk of schizophrenia and IHR and/or vascular factors is reproducible. An additional survey of genes identified by GWAS and CNV analyses suggested novel genes that match the criteria. Findings for interactions between specific variants of genes proposed to be IHR and/or vascular factors with obstetric complications in patients with schizophrenia have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the extended gene set defined here may form a reasonable and evidence-based starting point for hypothesis-based testing of G × E interactions in clinical genetic and translational neuroscience studies.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Refining grain size and adding alloying elements are two complementary approaches for enhancing the radiation tolerance of existing nuclear materials. Here, we present detailed in-situ irradiation ...research on defect evolution behavior and irradiation tolerance of ultrafine W-TiC alloys (thin foils) irradiated with 1 MeV Kr+2 at RT and 1073 K, and compare their overall performance to pure coarse grained tungsten. Loop Burgers vector was studied confirming the presence of loops whose population increased at high temperature. Loop density, average loop area, and overall damage are reported as a function of irradiation dose revealing distinct defect evolution behavior from pure materials. The overall damage generally followed the average loop size trend, which decreased with time for both temperatures, but was higher at 1073 K and attributed to biased vacancy sink behavior of the TiC dispersoids evidenced by large vacancy clusters on their interfaces. By comparison, the overall loop and void damage in pure tungsten was larger by a factor of six and two, respectively. The improved irradiation damage resistance in the alloys is thus attributed to the effect of dispersoids in 1) the enhancement in annihilating defects and mutual defect recombination due to both dispersoids and a higher grain boundary density; 2) decreasing the loop mobility, causing shrinkage and annihilation of loop density, which was confirmed via in-situ video. Several mechanisms are illustrated to describe the performance of the complex alloy system. The results motivate further experimental and modeling research that aims to understand the many different phenomena occurring at different time scales.
Damage evolution behavior for pure W and ultrafine W-TiC alloy irradiated with 1 MeV Kr+2 at 1073 K. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Tramadol is a well-known and effective analgesic. Recently it was shown that tramadol is also effective in human premature ejaculation. The inhibitory effect of tramadol on the ejaculation latency is ...probably due to its mechanism of action as a μ-opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline/serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor. In order to test this speculation, we tested several doses of tramadol in a rat model of male sexual behavior and investigated two types of drugs interfering with the μ-opioid and the 5-HT system. First the μ-opioid receptor agonist properties of tramadol were tested with naloxone, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist. Second, the effects of WAY100,635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, were tested on the behavioral effects of tramadol. Finally the effects of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, combined with naloxone or WAY100,635 treatment, were compared to the effects of tramadol combined with these drugs.
Results showed that naloxone, at a sexually inactive dose, could only partially antagonize the inhibitory effect of tramadol. Moreover, low and behaviorally inactive doses of WAY100,635, strongly decreased sexual behavior when combined with a behaviorally inactive dose of tramadol. Finally we showed that the effects of paroxetine on sexual behavior resembled the effects of tramadol, indicating that tramadol's inhibitory effects on sexual behavior are primarily and mainly caused by its SSRI properties and that its μ-opioid receptor agonistic activity only contributes marginally. These findings support the hypothesis that tramadol exerts inhibition of premature ejaculations in men by its 5-HT reuptake inhibiting properties.
•Paroxetine resembled the inhibitory effects of tramadol on sexual behavior.•5-HT1A receptor antagonist combined with tramadol strongly decreased sexual behavior.•μ-opioid receptor antagonist only partially antagonized the effects of tramadol.•Tramadol's sexual inhibitory effects are primarily caused by its SSRI properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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