Aim
The World Health Organization (WHO) published universal growth standards for children below five year of age in 2006. Traditionally, Swedish growth references have been used to monitor growth of ...children in Iceland, but it is not yet known how they compare with these reference charts.
Methods
A total of 2128 longitudinal measurements of length or height, 2132 of weight and 2126 of head circumference between birth and four years of age were collected in 1996‐2000 from 199 healthy children (53% boys) recruited at Landspitali University Hospital. Measurements were converted to z‐scores using the WHO growth standards and Swedish growth references for further analysis with mixed‐effects models.
Results
Length or height, weight and in particular head circumference largely exceeded the WHO standards, with average z‐scores that fluctuated between 0.5 and 1.5. Likewise, the proportion of children with a z‐score larger than 2 SD increased about 10‐fold. Icelandic children were longer and heavier than their Swedish peers during the first six months of life, but differences were less pronounced thereafter.
Conclusion
The growth of Icelandic children deviated significantly from the WHO growth standards. Although more comparable to the Swedish references, significant differences were found, suggesting that a national growth reference would be more appropriate.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Maternal prenatal tobacco smoking was associated with offspring reduced academic achievement.•Maternal prenatal smoking may increase offspring's academic risk by 49%.•Mechanistic studies needed to ...inform targeted developmental programs for academic improvement.
Previous epidemiological studies examining the prospective association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring academic achievement have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude and consistency of association reported by those studies.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the PRISMA protocol. Relevant epidemiological studies on the topic were extracted from four main databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. We conducted a narrative assessment of the studies that did not report effect estimates. Inverse variance-weighted random effect meta-analysis was used to combine studies reporting effect sizes to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350901).
Nineteen observational studies, published between 1973 and 2021 with a total of 1.25 million study participants were included in the final review. Of these, fifteen studies (79 %) reported reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. The eight primary studies (sample size = 723,877) included in the meta-analysis together suggested a 49 % higher risk of reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking when compared to non-exposed offspring (Pooled odds ratio = 1.49, 95 % CI:1.17–1.91).
Our review found a positive association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring reduced academic achievement. However, variation in the adjustment of potential confounders and significant heterogeneity across included studies limited more conclusive inference. Mechanistic studies to identify causal pathways and specific academic impacts are needed to inform targeted developmental programs to assist child learning and academic performance.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Amplification of 8p12‐p11 is relatively common in breast cancer and several genes within the region have been suggested to affect breast tumor progression. The aim of the study was to map the ...amplified 8p12‐p11 region in a large set of breast tumors in an effort to identify the genetic driver and to explore its impact on tumor progression and prognosis. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were mapped in 359 tumors, and gene expression data from 577 tumors (359 tumors included) were correlated with CNA, clinical–pathological factors, and protein expression (39 tumors). 8p12‐p11 was amplified in 11.4% of tumors. The smallest region of amplification harbored one full‐length gene, ZNF703. ZNF703 mRNA expression was significantly higher in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive than ER‐negative tumors (P = 2 × 10−16), a reflection of high expression in luminal tumors. Forty‐eight percent of tumors with ZNF703 amplification were luminal B tumors in which the best correlation between DNA copy number and mRNA was seen (P = 1.2 × 10−7) as well as correlation between mRNA and protein expression (P = 0.02). High ZNF703 mRNA correlated with poor survival in patients with ER‐positive luminal B tumors (log rank P = 0.04). Furthermore, high ZNF703 mRNA expression correlated with poor outcome in patients with ZNF703 copy number neutral, ER‐positive, luminal B tumors (log rank P = 0.004). The results support ZNF703 as the driver gene of the 8p12 amplification and suggest that independent of amplification, high expression of the gene affects prognosis in luminal B tumors.
Our mapping of 8p12‐p11 and analyses of ZNF703 mRNA and protein expression in breast tumors support ZNF703 as an oncogene in luminal B tumors. High ZNF703 expression, independent of the amplification, correlated with worse prognosis for the breast cancer patients with ER‐positive luminal tumors, particularly of the luminal B subtype.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Seaweeds have a naturally salty taste owing to their high content of minerals like potassium, besides sodium, which can be utilised as a healthy sodium replacer in food. In addition, some seaweeds ...contain a range of potential flavour components which can be released by mild processing and used to naturally enhance the flavour of food. In the present study, flavour ingredients from brown seaweed to use as a food component were developed. The work included enzymatic processing, by subsequently applying an alginase (Alg3) and Umamizyme to freeze dried and milled Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima seaweed biomass. The chemical composition was determined by means of monosaccharide, polyphenol, and sodium content. Flavour profiles of the produced flavour extracts were evaluated by e-tongue and a cell assay, as well as by sensory panellists. The seaweed extracts were incorporated into food models and their sodium replacing and flavour enhancing properties were objectively evaluated by trained sensory panellists. The aim was to offer innovative processing solutions and new healthy flavour ingredients to meet salt reduction targets and flavour enhancing properties using seaweed. The results obtained flavour ingredients that are richer in umami and salty taste with the potential to replace sodium and create flavour enhancing ingredients for certain food products.
Display omitted
•Enzymatic processing obtained new healthy flavour components from brown seaweeds.•Flavour profile was characterised by electric tongue and sensory evaluation.•Seaweed flavour ingredients can be used to reduce sodium and enhance flavour profile of food.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Load filters
No result was selected!
Please select the results that you wish to export.
The search was successfully saved.
Editing
The search could not be saved.
Saved searches can be viewed in the list My searches.
The changes made to the saved search were saved successfully.
Save search
Shelf entry
No result was selected!
Adding material to shelf was successful.
Adding material to shelf was partly successful.
Adding material to shelf failed completely.
It was not necessary to add the material to the shelf.
Please select the results that you want to put on shelf!
On shelf the following records have been successfully added:
On shelf the following records have been successfully added:
PDF
