•This study aims to investigate the phytoextraction of Cd by quail saltbush.•Sugarcane vinasse and EDTA were used to increase the availability and uptake of Cd.•Quail saltbush plants amended with ...sugarcane vinassse were able to remove 8.34% of soil Cd.
Little information is available about the Cd-phytoextraction mechanism by quail bush Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats. A pot experiment was conducted using a Cd-polluted soil (50mgkg−1) to explore mechanism of Cd-phytoextraction by quail bush as well as the role of EDTA and vinasse as mobilizing agents. EDTA was applied at a rate of 0, 1, 2, and 3mmolkg−1, while vinasse was applied at a rate of 0, 4, 8, and 16mlkg−1. EDTA had negative effects on the physiochemical properties of the soil. In contrast of EDAT, vinasse caused a remarkable betterment in soil conditions where it increased the soil structure and porosity by 35 and 48% and increased the soil acidity by 8.3%. Growth of roots and shoots reduced by 29 and 33%, respectively; when EDTA was applied at a rate of 3mmolkg−1, on the other hand the application of 16ml of vinasse kg−1 increased the roots and shoots growth by 20 and 21%, respectively. The highest rate of vinasse induced a 31% increase in chlorophyll content but 3mmol of EDTA caused a great negative stress in plant growth and induced a 78% increase in proline content. EDTA and vinasse enhanced the transfer of Cd from soil to roots and from roots to shoots. Quail bush amended with vinasse at a rate of 16mlkg−1 was able to remove 8.34% of the total soil Cd during a 100days, while that amended with 3mmol of EDTA was able to remove 5.51%. EDTA was more effective in increasing Cd availability and uptake, but sugarcane vinasse was more effective in enhancing the Cd-phytoextraction. Based on the obtained results, using sugarcane vinasse to enhance Cd-phytoextraction by quail bush is an effective plan to remediate Cd-contaminated soils.
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A potential solution for recycling and reusing the massively produced sewage water (SW) is to irrigate certain plants instead of highly cost recycling treatment. Although the extensive and irrational ...application of SW may cause environmental pollution thus, continual monitoring of the redox status of the receiver plant and the feedback on its growth under application becomes an emergent instance. The impact of SW, along with well water (WW) irrigation of medicinal plant, Datura innoxia, was monitored by some physio-biochemical indices.
The SW application amplified the growth, yield, minerals uptake, and quality of D. innoxia plants compared to the WW irrigated plants. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid, non-enzymatic antioxidants, viz. anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and total alkaloids increased by 85, 38, 81, 50, 19, and 37%, respectively, above WW irrigated plants. The experiment terminated in enhanced leaf content of N, P, and K by 43, 118, and 48%, respectively. Moreover, stimulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in terms of proteins, soluble sugars, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) content showed significant earliness in flowering time. The SW application improved not only Datura plants' quality but also soil quality. After four weeks of irrigation, the WW irrigated plants encountered nutrient deficiency-induced stress evidenced by the high level of proline, H
O
, and MDA as well as high enzyme capabilities. Application of SW for irrigation of D. innoxia plant showed the improvement of secondary metabolites regulating enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), restored proline content, and cell redox status reflecting high optimal condition for efficient cellular metabolism and performance along the experiment duration.
These evidences approved the benefits of practicing SW to improve the yield and quality of D. innoxia and the feasibility of generalization on multipurpose plants grown in poor soil.
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Most potato growers apply phosphorus (P) before cultivation and there is little information available about P fertigation for drip-irrigated potato. A field experiment was conducted during 2017 and ...2018 to study the effect of P fertigation on P uptake and yield of potato (
Solanum tuberosum
L.) grown on a calcareous sandy soil. Three frequencies of P fertigation (daily, every 2 days and every 3 days) and two forms of P (urea phosphate (UP) and monopotassium phosphate (MPP)) were examined. UP reduced the soil pH by 7.2% and increased the P availability by 24% compared to MPP. Daily P fertigation increased P concentrations in the petioles of potato by 19–47% compared to the application every 3 days. Water and P were used more efficiently under daily P fertigation treatments and the use of acidic fertiliser (UP) was more efficient in this respect. The injection of UP with irrigation water every day caused a 22% increase in the marketable yield of potato compared to the injection of MPP every 3 days. It can be recommended that for potato grown on sandy calcareous soils, UP must be added daily to obtain high economic return and minimise the negative environmental effects of unsustainably high P rates.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Remediation of soils is vital to mitigate the negative effects of heavy metals in ecosystems. There is little information available about the metals' phytostabilization potential of old man saltbush ...plants Atriplex nummularia. A pot experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted to study the accumulation of heavy metals by old man saltbush plants, as affected by the application of compost and biochar. The cultivation of A. nummularia is an effective tool in immobilizing metals in the contaminated soils. The cultivation of metal-contaminated soil with A. nummularia reduced the availability of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb by 20%, 4%, 21%, and 28%, respectively, in comparison to the non-cultivated soil. Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the aboveground parts of old man saltbush plants were 70-100, 50-80, 4-5, and 50-90 mg/kg of dry biomass. The higher Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were accumulated in the roots, and the lower concentrations were transferred to the shoots of old man saltbush plants. Compost reduced the concentration of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in the shoots by 10%, 19%, 20%, and 6%, respectively, compared to the control soil. Biochar reduced the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb in the shoots by 30%, 38%, and 44%, respectively, compared to the control. Compost had a lower effect in reducing the metals uptake as biochar. Biochar reduced the uptake of Zn, Cu, and Pb in the shoots of the tested plant by 22%, 23%, and 41%, respectively, in comparison to compost. Based on the obtained results, old man saltbush has good characteristics to be a promising candidate for phytostabilization strategies of metal-contaminated soils. Moreover, biochar is a good tool to enhance metals' phytostablization.
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Soil amendments may increase the slate tolerance of plants consequently; it may increase the opportunity of using saline water in agricultural production. In the present pot trial, the effects of ...biochar (BIC) and compost (COM) on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) irrigated with saline water (EC = 7.50 dS m
) was studied. Roselle plants were amended with biochar (BIC
and BIC
) or compost (COM
and COM
) at rates of 1 and 2% (w/w), as well as by a mixture of the two amendments (BIC
+). The experiment included a control soil without any amendments. Biochar and compost significantly enhanced the soil quality and nutrients availability under saline irrigation. Compost and biochar improved the degree of soil aggregation, total soil porosity and soil microbial biomass. BIC
+ COM
increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen over the individual application of each amendments and control soil. BIC
+ COM
increased the activity of dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzymes. Growth of roselle plants including: plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll were significantly responded to the added amendments. The maximum sepal's yield was achieved from the combined application of compost and biochar. All the investigated treatments caused remarkable increases in the total flavonol and anthocyanin. BIC
+ COM
increased the total anthocyanin and flavonol by 29 and 17% above the control. Despite the notable improvement in soil and roselle quality as a result of the single addition of compost or biochar, there is a clear superiority due to mixing the two amendments. It can be concluded that mixing of biochar and compost is recommended for roselle plants irrigated with saline water.
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Toxic elements cause degradation in agricultural land quality. Phytoremediation of polluted sites is the safest technique to sustain ecosystem. Field trial was established to examine the performance ...of two Atriplex species (A. numularia and A. amnicola) and two traditional forage plants (pearl millet and cowpea) cultivated on polluted sandy soil and clean one. The studied contaminated soil was irrigated with untreated sewage wastewater for more than 60 years and contained Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd levels excessed the permissible limits. The growth of Atriplex plants was not affected by the soil pollution, while the traditional forage plants lost 40–50% of their biomass. The roots biomass of Atriplex plants was higher by 54% than those of cowpea and pearl millet plants. The crude protein (CP) and chlorophyll in the tested species were reduced as a result of soil pollution, but the reduction was higher in pearl millet and cowpea than Atriplex plants. CP in Atriplex plants that were grown in the contaminated soil was reduced by 10%, while in the case of pearl millet and cowpea; the reduction was more than 20%. Atriplex plants were more effective in reducing the metal bioavailability than pearl millet and cowpea. Atriplex plants were able to protect the photosynthesis process in the presence of toxic elements; moreover, they produced some substances that increasing the resistance of toxic metal stress such as proline. The cultivation of metal-contaminated soil with Atriplex plants enhanced the soil quality and increased the aggregation and porosity of soil; besides, it reduced the soil salinity and concentration of toxic elements. Cultivation of halophyte and traditional fodder plants in contaminated lands is a good strategic management of the ecosystem, and the resulting plant may be used to feed animals due to their low content of pollutants or be recycled to soil organic amendments.
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•Atriplex plants enhanced the quality of the metal contaminated soil.•Metal toxicity reduced the growth of pearl millet and cowpea plants.•Atriplex plants were more tolerance to metal toxicity.•Pearl millet and cowpea had less ability in reducing metal bioavailability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for the higher plants and has low mobility and availability in soils. Good fertilization management for this nutrient may be lead to increasing its ...availability. A field experiment in a split plot design was conducted out during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to study the effect of frequency of P fertigation and different forms of P fertilizers on uptake of P by corn plant as well as yield production. The high frequency of P fertigation increased P uptake significantly (p < 0.05) by 12 and 19% in the first and second season respectively. Phosphoric acids (PA) followed by urea phosphate (UP) gave the highest significant biological yield (25.67 and 24.5 ton/ ha). From the results of this study, it may be recommended that in sandy calcareous soils P must be added every three days using acid forms.
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Although the use of saltbush plants in metal phytoremediation is well known, there is little information about the impact of sugarcane vinasse (SCV) and EDTA on metal uptake. Heavily cadmium-polluted ...soil (38 mg kg
−1
Cd) was used in pot and incubation experiments to investigate the Cd phytoextraction potential of wavy saltbush (
Atriplex undulata
) and quail saltbush (
Atriplex lentiformis
). EDTA at rates of 3, 6, and 10 mM kg
−1
soil and SCV at rates of 7, 15, and 30 mL kg
−1
soil were added to the polluted soil. The application of EDTA significantly (
P
= 0.002) reduced the growth of saltbush plants; on the other hand, SCV improved the growth. Both EDTA and SCV increased the availability and root-to-shoot transfer of Cd. The plants of
A. lentiformis
grown on the soil amended with the highest rate of SCV were able to remove 20.4 % of the total soil Cd during a period of 9 months. Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that
A. lentiformis
and sugarcane vinasse could be more effective in the phytoextraction of Cd from the polluted soils.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. Its emission is suspected to be further increased due to the dramatic application of ash to agricultural soils and newly reclaimed ones. Thereby, Cd stress ...encountered by plants will exacerbate. Acute and chronic exposure to Cd can upset plant growth and development and ultimately causes plant death. Microorganisms as agriculturally important biofertilizers have constantly been arising as eco-friendly practices owing to their ability to built-in durability and adaptability mechanisms of plants. However, applying microbes as a biofertilizer agent necessitates the elucidation of the different mechanisms of microbe protection and stabilization of plants against toxic elements in the soil. A greenhouse experiment was performed using
and plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria (
and
) individually and integrally to differentiate their potentiality in underpinning various resilience mechanisms versus various Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of soil). Microorganisms were analyzed for Cd tolerance and biosorption capacity, indoleacetic acid production, and phosphate and potassium solubilization
. Plant growth parameters, water relations, physiological and biochemical analysis, stress markers and membrane damage traits, and nutritional composition were estimated.
Unequivocal inversion from a state of downregulation to upregulation was distinct under microbial inoculations. Inoculating soil with
and PGPB markedly enhanced the plant parameters under Cd stress (150 mg/kg) compared with control plants by 4.9% and 13.9%, 5.6% and 11.1%, 55.6% and 5.7%, and 9.1% and 4.6% for plant fresh weight, dry weight, net assimilation rate, and transpiration rate, respectively; by 2.3% and 34.9%, 26.3% and 69.0%, 26.3% and 232.4%, 135.3% and 446.2%, 500% and 95.6%, and 60% and 300% for some metabolites such as starch, amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and proline, respectively; by 134.0% and 604.6% for antioxidants including reduced glutathione; and by 64.8% and 91.2%, 21.9% and 72.7%, and 76.7% and 166.7% for enzymes activity including ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, respectively. Whereas a hampering effect mediated by PGP bacterial inoculation was registered on levels of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, electrolyte leakage, and polyphenol oxidase activity, with a decrease of 0.53%, 14.12%, 2.70%, and 5.70%, respectively, under a highest Cd level (150 mg/kg) compared with control plants. The available soil and plant Cd concentrations were decreased by 11.5% and 47.5%, and 3.8% and 45.0% with
and PGP bacterial inoculation, respectively, compared with non-inoculated Cd-stressed plants. Whereas, non-significant alternation in antioxidant capacity of sunflower mediated by
action even with elevated soil Cd concentrations indicates stable oxidative status. The uptake of nutrients,
., K, Ca, Mg, Fe, nitrate, and phosphorus, was interestingly increased (34.0, 4.4, 3.3, 9.2, 30.0, and 1.0 mg/g dry weight, respectively) owing to the synergic inoculation in the presence of 150 mg of Cd/kg.
However, strategies of microbe-induced resilience are largely exclusive and divergent. Biofertilizing potential of
showed that, owing to its Cd biosorption capability, a resilience strategy was induced
reducing Cd bioavailability to be in the range that turned its effect from toxicity to essentiality posing well-known low-dose stimulation phenomena (hormetic effect), whereas using
and
, owing to their PGP traits, manifested a resilience strategy by neutralizing the potential side effects of Cd toxicity. The synergistic use of fungi and bacteria proved the highest efficiency in imparting sunflower adaptability under Cd stress.
Phytostabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils should be subject to two conditions, the first is the choice plant must be able to stabilize heavy metals in soil, the second is the plant ...material which produced from the phytostabilization process must be safe and useful to avoid overload on environmental system. A field experiment was conducted out to evaluate the phytostabilization potential of two halophytes species (Atriplex lentiformis and Atriplex undulata). Compost at rates of 0, 15 and 30 ton ha
−1
was used to examine its role in plant growth and heavy metals uptake. The high rate of compost (30 ton ha
−1
) decreased zinc (Zn) concentrations in the leaves of A. lentiformis and A. undulata by 15.8 and 13.0%, while lead (Pb) in the leaves decreased by 37.6 and 35.2% respectively. Despite the extremely high total heavy metals concentrations in the studied soil, plants of Atriplex were able to grow and maintain shoots metals content below the toxic level and the produced plant materials had a high nutritive value compared to the conventional forage crops. Phosphorus (P) and chloride (Cl) in the roots of Atriplex plants play important function in heavy metals phytostabilization mechanism by the two halophytes plants.
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