Low toxic graphene quantum dot（GQD） was synthesized by pyrolyzing citric acid in alkaline solution and characterized by ultraviolet-visible（UV-vis） spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,atomic force ...microscopy（AFM）,spectrofluorimetery and dynamic light scattering（DLS） techniques.GQD was used for electrode modification and electro-oxidation of doxorubicin（DOX） at low potential.A substantial decrease in the overvoltage（- 0.56 V） of the DOX oxidation reaction（compared to ordinary electrodes） was observed using GQD as coating of glassy carbon electrode（GCE）.Differential pulse voltammetry was used to evaluate the analytical performance of DOX in the presence of phosphate buffer solution（pH 4.0） and good limit of detection was obtained by the proposed sensor.Such ability of GQD to promote the DOX electron-transfer reaction suggests great promise for its application as an electrochemical sensor.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aimed to determine factors associated with caregiver burden among primary caregivers of women with breast cancer in Iran.
This was a descriptive correlation study conducted in 2012 on 150 ...main caregivers of patients with breast cancer who came to the oncology clinic of Shahid Ghazi hospital in Tabriz, Iran. A questionnaire which included caregiving-related factors and the Zarit Burden Interview was used for data collection after its validity and reliability were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software with descriptive and analytic statistics. The association between significant variables and the dependent variable with an observation of the effects of other variables was assessed using the multiple linear regression model.
The mean age of caregivers was 39.60 ± 13.80 years old, and 77 (51.3%) of them were men. The mean score of the Zarit Burden Interview was 30.55 ± 19.18. In the regression model, the mean score of activities of daily living, level of education, gender, and financial status were identified as the determining factors of the burden of caregivers.
Primary caregivers need to be financially supported by the relevant organizations. Care skills training and providing palliative care seem helpful in reducing the pain and the burden of family caregivers for patients with breast cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among women. In Asian countries such as Iran, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing. The ...present study aimed to assess the risk factors for breast cancer of women in Tabriz, Iran.
A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to identify breast cancer risk factors. The study consisted of 140 cases confirmed via histopathological analysis and 280 group-matched controls without any malignancy. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods via the SPSS software version 18.
In a multivariate analysis, educational level (odds ratio OR, 4.7; 95% confidence interval CI, 2.11-10.83), menopausal status (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.41-4.59), a high-fat diet (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), abortion (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.20-3.79), passive smoking (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), oral contraceptive use (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.80-5.59), stress (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.74-5.36), and migration (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.39-6.90) were factors associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Breastfeeding (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97) and a diet containing sufficient fruit and vegetables (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39) had protective roles against breast cancer.
The study revealed that the risk factors for breast cancer among women in the Tabriz area of Iran are related to the lifestyle. Therefore, the provision of education to change unhealthy lifestyle choices and periodic check-ups for early breast cancer detection are recommended.
In this report, graphene quantum dot (GQD) was casted on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode and used for detection and determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) in human plasma ...samples. It was found that GQD has been stably absorbed on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by simple technique. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that GQD modified GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity toward the oxidation of DOX in phosphate buffer solutions. The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the DOX determination by differential-pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit were 0.018–3.60μM and 0.016μM (S/N=3), respectively. The method was successfully applied assay of the drug in human plasma samples.
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•The GQDs were synthesized by pyrolyzing citric acid in alkaline solution.•The performance of GQD toward detection of DOX was investigated.•DOX was detected in low potential.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by excessive accumulation of lymphoblast and progenitors. Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and ALL is the most common ...subtype. Many studies have shown that the YKL‐40 gene is one of the most widely expressed genes in tumors, including leukemia, but not in healthy blood cells. Clinical studies have shown that serum YKL‐40 levels have a positive correlation with tumor expansion, in addition to being a prognostic agent independent of a short relapse‐free interval, as well as a brief overall survival in patients with various cancers. The previous study shows that YKL‐40 is closely related to the degree of pathology or degree of human leukemia pathology and plays an important role in cell proliferation. Hence, the YKL‐40 can be an attractive target in designing anticancer therapies.
Methods
CCRF‐CEM cells were treated with resveratrol and prednisolone. For analysis of YKL‐40 expression changes under medication, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot techniques were used at resonating intervals of 24 and 48 hours.
Results
The effect of 15, 50, and 100 μM resveratrol and 700 μM of prednisolone on CCRF‐CEM cells reduced YKL‐40. The YKL‐40 gene was quantitatively measured using RT‐PCR. The Western blot method was used to evaluate changes in the expression of YKL‐40 protein.
Conclusion
In this study, we first evaluated YKL‐40 expression and resveratrol and prednisolone effect on YKL‐40 in ALL. This finding supports the idea of targeting YKL‐40 as a new drug treatment of ALL and extends the use of resveratrol in antileukemia research.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world. Beta glucan may improve quality of life in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect ...of Beta glucan on quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
This study was conducted on 30 women with breast carcinoma. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=15) or placebo (n=15) groups using a block randomization procedure. Patients in the intervention group received two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3, 1-6, D-beta glucan daily and the placebo group received placebo for 21 days, in an interval between two courses of chemotherapy. Health - related quality of life (HRQL) was evaluated using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire version.3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) at the beginning and end of the study.
At the end of the study, the Global health status /QoL score for the Beta glucan group was significantly increased (P=0.023), but the difference between the two groups was not significant. After intervention, the Functional scales score showed no significant change (P=0.099) between the two groups or within the groups. At the end of the study, the Symptom scales\items score was decreased significantly in Beta glucan group comparing the placebo group (P=0.048), as well as after adjusting for baseline score. The Symptom scales\items score's change was significant (P=0.012) within the Beta glucan group, compared with the baseline score.
The findings suggest that Beta glucan may be useful as a complementary or adjuvant therapy for improving quality of life in breast cancer patients in combination with cancer therapies.
The overwhelming effects of cancer could be catastrophic for the patients and their family members, putting them at risk of experiencing uncertainty, loss, and an interruption in life. Also, it can ...influence their sense of meaning, a fundamental need equated with the purpose in life. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the meaning in life (MiL) of patients with cancer and their family members.
This descriptive comparative study was conducted on 400 patients with cancer and their family members admitted to university hospitals in Tabriz and Ardebil provinces, Iran. The participants were sampled conveniently and the Life Evaluation Questionnaire (LEQ) were used for collecting data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS ver. 13 Software.
The mean score for the MiL of the patients with cancer and their family members was 119 (16.92) and 146.2 (17.07), respectively. There was a significant difference between patients with cancer and their family members in terms of MiL.
The MiL of patients with cancer is lower than that of their family members, which indicates the need for further attention to the psychological processes and their modification in Iranian healthcare systems.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer in terms of incidence and mortality in Iran. Different gene mutations may confer different degrees of biological ...aggressiveness and reduce the effectiveness of targeted therapeutic strategies in metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) patients. Aim: To evaluate any mutation pattern in mCRC, and then evaluate clinical and epidemiological correlations with the detected mutations. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytical study, and all mCRC cases referred to two main central hospitals and oncologists’ clinics, in Tabriz, Iran, from January 2016 to November 2018 were enrolled. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation tests were performed routinely for all mCRC cases before considering any treatment strategies. Idylla Biocartis NV system{Test Type Package (TTP)}, determined the presence of mentioned mutations. Logistic regression models were used to statistically analysis. Results: The present authors included 173 cases with confirmed mCRC. Among 102 patients with KRAS gene mutation detection, the frequency of mutations was 38.23% (n=39) while most were in exon 2, codon 12 (61.54%), followed by patients who had mutations in codon 13 (n=5, 12.82%). NRAS mutations were only observed in one patient (1.33%) from among the 75 cases who were tested. BRAF codon 600 was tested in 39 cases, and only one case (2.56%) had the mutation. Patients with leftsided tumours had about 9.5 times higher likelihood of KRAS mutation than right-sided tumours (OR=9.64; 95% CI=1.24- 75.27). Smoking increased the odds of KRAS mutation about 50%, and mCRC who had alcohol consumption had about two times more likelihood of mutation. Conclusion: The overall frequency of KRAS mutations in the present study was high, while the frequency of KRAS mutations in mCRC patients is lower in Asian populations. KRAS mutation results in this study were most similar to European populations.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Cancer-related malnutrition causes morbidity and reduced survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and inflammatory status of patients with acute leukemia in ...association with duration of neutropenic fever (DNF) and length of hospital stay (LHS) during induction chemotherapy. Fifty-five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 28) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 27) completed the study. There were significant differences between the two groups according to LHS and DNF (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively): both had a longer period in patients with AML. The patients were statistically different according to body mass index (BMI), pre-albumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score (p = 0.049, p = 0.028, p < 0.001, p = 0.030). In patients with ALL, serum albumin and pre-albumin levels were associated with LHS and DNF, respectively. Moreover, PG-SGA score was associated with DNF. In patients with AML, BMI and second pre-albumin level < 10 mg/dL were associated with DNF. Pre-albumin was the common indicator for chemotherapy-related complications in patients with both ALL and AML. Early nutritional assessment can help to find patients with acute leukemia who need nutritional support, and it may contribute to better outcome and less toxicity.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Detection of chromosomal translocations has an important role in diagnosis and treatment of hematological disorders. We aimed to evaluate the 46 new cases of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ...patients for common translocations and to assess the effect of geographic and ethnic differences on their frequencies.
In this descriptive study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used on 46 fresh bone marrow or peripheral blood samples to detect translocations t (8; 21), t (15; 17), t (9; 11) and inv (16). Patients were classified using the French-American-British (FAB) criteria in to eight sub-groups (M0-M7). Immunophenotyping and biochemical test results of patients were compared with RT-PCR results.
Our patients were relatively young with a mean age of 44 years. AML was relatively predominant in female patients (54.3%) and most of patients belonged to AML-M2. Translocation t (8; 21) had the highest frequency (13%) and t (15; 17) with 2.7% incidence was the second most frequent. CD19 as an immunophenotypic marker was at a relatively high frequency (50%) in cases with t (8; 21), and patients with this translocation had a specific immunophenotypic pattern of complete expression of CD45, CD38, CD34, CD33 and HLA-DR.
Similarities and differences of results in Iran with different parts of the world can be explained with ethnic and geographic factors in characterizations of AML. Recognition of these factors especially in other comprehensive studies may aid better diagnosis and management of this disease.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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