Practical Mg batteries still face significant challenges in their development, like the lack of simple compatible electrolytes, self-discharge, the rapid passivation of the Mg anode, and the slow ...conversion reaction pathway. Here, we propose a simple halogen-free electrolyte (HFE) based on magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO
3
)
2
), magnesium triflate Mg(CF
3
SO
3
)
2
, and succinonitrile (SN) dissolved in acetonitrile (ACN)/tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4) cosolvents, with dimethyl sulfoxide as a functional additive. The addition of DMSO to the HFE changes the interfacial structure at the magnesium anode surface and facilitates the transport of magnesium ions. The as-prepared electrolyte shows high conductivity (
σ
b
= 4.48 × 10
−5
, 6.52 × 10
−5
and 9.41 × 10
−5
S cm
−1
at 303, 323, and 343 K, respectively) and a high ionic transference number (
t
mg
+2
= 0.91/0.94 at room temperature/55 °C) for the matrix containing 0.75 ml of DMSO. Also, the cell with 0.75 ml of DMSO shows high oxidation stability, a very low overpotential, and steady Mg stripping/plating up to 100 h. Postmortem analysis of pristine Mg and Mg anodes extracted from disassembled Mg/HFE/Mg and Mg/HFE_0.75 ml DMSO/Mg cells after stripping/plating reveals the role of DMSO in improving Mg-ion passage through HFE by evolving the anode/electrolyte interface at the Mg surface. Further optimization of this electrolyte is expected to achieve excellent performance and good cycle stability when applied to the magnesium battery in future work.
In this study, we design a functional halogen-free electrolyte by linking its active species with a high polarity dimethyl sulfoxide to reduce the solvation barrier of Mg
2+
.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attractive features as a post-lithium battery owing to their high volumetric capacity, safety, and low cost. However, the high charge density of Mg
2+
causes ...sluggish interfacial charge transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface. This paper is an attempt to optimize the electrochemical performance of a halogen-free liquid electrolyte (HFE)-based magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO
3
)
2
) and variable additive of succinonitrile (SN). A polymer layer interface (PLI) consisting of Mg (CF
3
SO
3
)
2
, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), SN, and G4 has been introduced to isolate the Mg anode's surface from HFE in order to reduce the growth rate of the passivation layer at the surface of the Mg anode. The introduction of SN regulates the ionic conductivity, overpotential of Mg plating/stripping, and the ion transference number of the HFE. A prototype of the Mg/HFE_SN/S full cell delivers a high initial discharge/charge capacity of ~ 1200/500 mAh g
−1
with a rapid capacity fade, while (Mg/PLI/HFE_SN/S) cell offers low capacity with long cycle life over (Mg/HFE_SN/S) counterpart. Postmortem analysis of sulfur electrodes at different electrochemical states reveals the reversible back and forth movement of Mg
2+
ions in Mg/S cells via conversion reaction.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
ABSTRACT
The present study investigated the toxic impacts of lead (LD) on the productive and reproductive performances of Japanese quails and the role of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) in reducing ...these impacts. A total of 360 mature Japanese quails (at 2 months of age) were used and the experiment was lasted for 8 wk. The birds were divided into 6 equal groups as follows: control (basal diet), basal diet + 100 mg LD/kg diet, basal diet + YSE (100 mg/kg diet), basal diet + YSE (200 mg/kg diet), basal diet + LD (100 mg/kg diet) + YSE (100 mg/kg diet), and basal diet + LD (100 mg/kg diet) + YSE (200 mg/kg diet). LD resulted in a significant decrease in feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg production of birds compared with the control group. Supplementation of YSE (100 or 200) to LD containing diet could significantly improve the quail performance parameters to be comparable with the control values. Fertility and hatchability % were decreased by LD, whereas YSE at both levels (100 or 200) separately or in combination with LD showed fertility and hatchability percentages comparable to that of control. Triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL contents in LD plus YSE100 or LD plus YSE200 groups were significantly decreased than LD alone group. LD significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the serum with no effect on reduced glutathione content. Co-exposure to YSE100 or YSE200 with LD significantly increased the catalase activity and numerically increased the superoxide dismutase activity than LD alone. YSE100 or YSE200 decreased malondialdehyde contents than LD alone group. LD plus YSE100 or YSE200 groups exhibited significant improvements in the level of immunoglobulins. Co-exposure to YSE with LD significantly decreased the LD residues in egg than the LD group. The obtained results showed that YSE exhibited a potential modulatory role against the LD-induced inhibitory effects on the productive and reproductive performances of Japanese quails and YSE at 200 mg/kg diet was more effective than 100 mg/kg diet in reversing the LD-induced alterations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn‐Met) supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters of blood serum ...in laying hens from 22 to 34 weeks of age. A total of 120 Hisex Brown laying hens of 22‐week‐old were randomly allocated into five treatments with six cage replicates for each (four hens/replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet with no Zn‐Met supplementation (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. No significant differences were observed on body weight, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio due to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation. However, highly significant impact was observed on daily feed intake. Egg number, egg weight and egg mass were increased in the group fed diet supplemented with the highest level of Zn‐Met (100 mg/kg of diet) as compared to other groups. All egg quality traits were statistically (p > .05 or .01) affected as a response to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation except egg shape index, shell percentage and yolk index. In comparison with the control group, dietary supplementation of 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg decreased serum triglyceride and LDL‐cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol level was increased with all dietary levels of Zn‐Met in comparison with the control group. Dietary Zn‐Met supplementation increased the serum content of zinc, where the highest values were recorded with 50 and 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. Dietary Zn‐Met levels did not affect the antioxidant indices in blood serum except for the activity of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu‐Zn‐SOD). The activity of Cu‐Zn‐SOD was increased with Zn‐Met supplementations with no differences among supplemental zinc levels. It is concluded that dietary Zn‐Met supplementation reduced serum triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol and increased Zn status and resulted in promoting antioxidant ability of laying hens, and the addition of 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg to layer diet was appropriate for improving the above parameters in addition to egg production indices and Haugh unit score.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study investigated the impact of dietary oil sources (soybean, corn, peanut, flaxseed, olive, and sunflower oils as sources of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids) on productive and ...reproductive traits, egg quality, hematological and biochemical blood parameters of laying Japanese quail. A total of 360 eight-week mature Japanese quail were randomly divided into 6 groups fed for 8 wk on a basal diet included with 1.5% of different oil sources. Results showed that the highest egg weights and the best feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) were recorded for quail fed diets supplemented with 1.5% soybean and peanut oil. The highest hatchability percentages (P < 0.05) were recorded for quail fed diets supplemented with corn oil as compared to the other oils. Furthermore, diets enriched with corn, olive, or sunflower oils had higher values of blood lymphocytes (%) compared to the other treated groups. Blood total cholesterol significantly decreased in quail fed on corn, peanut, flaxseed, or olive oil sources as compared to soybean or sunflower oil groups. Immunologically, the highest levels (P < 0.001) of immunoglobulins (G and M) were recorded for quail fed on corn or olive oil sources compared to other oil sources. Quail consuming olive oil–included diets showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities and a significant decrease on malondialdehyde level compared with those consumed the other oil sources. It could be concluded that varying the oil source can affect productive, reproductive, and health aspects of Japanese quail. Soybean oil showed good results regarding production aspects; however, olive oil was the best regarding health aspects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recently, various types of steel meshes were used as additional internal reinforcement for improving the confinement, ductility, and strength of the reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In this ...experimental study, a welded wire mesh (WWM) layer was used as an internal reinforcement in addition to the traditional steel reinforcement (longitudinal bars and transverse ties) for short and long RC columns under concentric and eccentric compression. Thirty-six square RC columns with two slenderness ratios λ (height to width ratio) of 9 and 18 were tested under compression with eccentricity ratios
e/t
(eccentricity to section thickness ratio) of 0, 0.13, and 0.26. The reference columns were traditionally reinforced with longitudinal steel bars and transverse ties with a reference volumetric ratio
ρ
r
of 0.44%. The other columns comprised a WWM layer wrapped outside the ties whose volumetric ratio ranged from 0.22% to 0.44%. The results demonstrated that the columns reinforced with a WWM layer in addition to traditional reinforcement showed an improvement in ductility and strength compared to those reinforced with longitudinal bars and transverse ties only. A WWM layer increased the ultimate load of the columns comprising
ρ
r
ties by approximately 16% and 9% for short and long columns, respectively. These improvements were proportional to the ties volumetric ratio.
Faba bean seeds' sustainability correlates with the initial quality of cultivated seeds. The duration of storage is a significant factor that can affect the quality retention of any crop seed. ...Additionally, the hermetic bags effectively influence the quality of crop seeds during the storage process. This study evaluated two faba bean cultivars, Nubaria 1 and Giza 716, after various storage periods of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Seeds stored in 3 and 7-layer hermetic bags have shown significantly improved bulk temperature after 12, 18, and 24 months (neither more than ≈ 30 °C nor less than ≈ 15 °C). However, the relative humidity (RH%) increased significantly in both bags and cultivars throughout the storage periods, reaching 61, 59.77% and 59.53, 57.53% at the end of the storage period for Nubaria 1 and Giza 716 inside the 3 and 7-layer bags, respectively. The seeds' germination % decreased significantly (20%) after 24 months at the 3-layers compared with 13.12% at the 7-layer bags for Nubaria 1 with superior germination% of Giza 716 under the same conditions where the decrease in the percentage of germination reached 15.56% and 8.86% reduction for both 3 and 7 layers, respectively. The seedling vigor index exhibited the same trend of germination % with better results of the 7-layer bags for both cultivars. The moisture content (MC%) was substantially elevated by 1% at the end of the storage for both cultivars and bags. After 12 months, beans considerably increased color deterioration, with a loss of 43.16 and 53.60% for Giza 716 and Nubaria 1 stored in 3-layer bags, respectively; however, 7-layer bags were always better than 3-layer bags (with a loss of 32.56 and 45.56%). Furthermore, storage in 7-layer hermetic bags triggered a significant decrease (14.94%) in the total phenolic (TPC) after 24 months for Giza 716 without a substantial difference with Nubaria 1. Additionally, the simulation showed that after 18 months and 24 months of storage, the Nubaria 1 seeds packed in the 7-layer hermetic bags produced total tannins (TTC) 39.1% and 42.5%, respectively, more than those packed in the 3-layer hermetic bags. That TTC had a negative correlation with the testa's darkness. Taken together, the faba bean seeds could be stored for a long period in the 7-layer hermetic bags, preserving seed quality and expanding marketing prospects.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
The effect of sex and age of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) on their performance, blood biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and meat quality was evaluated in this experiment. A ...total of 450, 3-wk-old Japanese quails (225 males and 225 females) were equally divided into six groups (75 birds each) in a 2 × 3 factorial design, including two sex (male and female) and three slaughter ages (5, 6, and 7 wk of age). Each group was subdivided into five replicates each of 15 birds. The body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) values were significantly higher in female quails than in males, and these values showed an increasing trend with age. Female quails recorded the higher percentages of liver and giblets, and lower heart percentage than males. Sex × age interaction had a significant impact on carcass parameters except for breast and thigh yield. No significant sex-based differences were detected for quail meat chemical composition except for meat fat content. Moisture and ash content of meat were gradually deceased with age. Meat from female showed higher values for tenderness, intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), and meat lightness, but showed lower values of water holding capacity (WHC) and meat redness. Meat juiciness and tenderness decreased, while WHC, IMF, and meat redness increased with age. Mean values of red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cells (WBC) were higher (P < 0.05) in male quails than female ones. Plasma total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid were decreased in males comparable to females. The progress in quail age (5 to 7 wk) leads to significant increase in values of RBC, PCV, and Hb. Plasma cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides, and hemoglobin were linearly deceased with age. It could be concluded that Japanese quails (both males and females) should be slaughtered at 5 or 6 wk of age to obtain higher carcass yields and the best meat quality and composition. Furthermore, male quails recorded the highest values of meat quality and composition when compared to females.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This work presents an innovative technique to enhance the performance of the Savonius wind turbine. The new technique is based on introducing an upstream deflector and downstream baffle. The shape ...and location of both devices are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The performance of the turbine with the optimized devices is compared with the single Savonius turbine performance. The study employs the finite volume solver (ANSYS-FLUENT) to solve unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and turbulence model equations. The optimized configuration results in much higher power coefficient than the Savonius turbine. The average peak power coefficient using both deflector and baffle is 0.47 compared to 0.24 of the Savonius turbine. The peak power coefficient of the turbine corresponds to a speed ratio close to unity. This improved performance is attributed to the favorable aerodynamic interaction between the turbine and the downstream baffle which accelerates the flow around the rotor and generates larger turning torque. The baffle generates a jet effect on the advancing bucket and accelerates the flow behind the bucket creating a large zone of negative pressure and thereby increases the driving torque. Furthermore, the upstream deflector (also called shield or curtain) produces a shield for the returning bucket of the turbine which diminishes the adverse effect associated with the returning bucket on the aerodynamic torque of the turbine. This remarkable improvement of turbine performance will encourage the future application of the Savonius wind turbine in small power applications of wind energy.
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BFBNIB, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we examine the relation between graph folding of a given graph and foldings of new graphs obtained from this graph by some techniques like dual, gear, subdivision, web, crown, simplex, ...crossed prism, and clique-sum graphs. In each case, we obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions, if exist, for these new graphs to be folded.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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