In Egypt, bladder cancer (BC) represents about 8.7% of cancers in both sexes. In Egyptian men, it accounts for over 30% of all cancers, which makes it the second most frequent cancer. The standard ...curative treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has been radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) in MIBC appears to produce results that are comparable to those of RC.
Between January 2018 and March 2021, 34 BC- diagnosed patients, who refused RC, were enrolled. They received transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) followed by 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and CCRT. Concomitant chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin, as a chemosensitizer, was administered to patients who experienced a complete response (CR) and a partial response (PR) ≥ 50%.
Following NACT, CCRT was given to 27 patients (79.45%) who had either a PR > 50% or CR. Seven patients (20.5%) showed PR below 50%, stable disease, or progressive disease; 4 of them underwent RC followed by postoperative radiation. The average follow-up period was 46 months (range: 6-52 months). Twenty-three patients (67.6%) were still alive at the last check-up. Disease-free survival and 3-year overall survival were 70.8% and 65.1%, respectively.
Bladder preservation provides survival rates comparable to those of MIBC patients, but with a higher quality of life. The findings show good survival rates without metastasis; nevertheless, more multicentre trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings.
The inner ear can be insulted by various noxious stimuli, including drugs (cisplatin and aminoglycosides) and over-acoustic stimulation. These stimuli damage the hair cells giving rise to progressive ...hearing loss. Systemic drugs have attempted protection from ototoxicity. Most of these drugs poorly reach the inner ear with consequent ineffective action on hearing. The reason for these failures resides in the poor inner ear blood supply, the presence of the blood-labyrinthine barrier, and the low permeability of the round window membrane (RWM). This article presents a review of the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in otoprotection. NPs were recently used in many fields of medicine because of their ability to deliver drugs to the target organs or cells. The studies included in the review regarded the biocompatibility of the used NPs by
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments. In most studies, NPs proved safe without a significant decrease in cell viability or signs of ototoxicity. Many nano-techniques were used to improve the drugs' kinetics and efficiency. These techniques included encapsulation, polymerization, surface functionalization, and enhanced drug release. In such a way, it improved drug transmission through the RWM with increased and prolonged intra-cochlear drug concentrations. In all studies, the fabricated drug-NPs effectively preserved the hair cells and the functioning hearing from exposure to different ototoxic stimuli, simulating the actual clinical circumstances. Most of these studies regarded cisplatin ototoxicity due to the wide use of this drug in clinical oncology. Dexamethasone (DEX) and antioxidants represent the most used drugs in most studies. These drugs effectively prevented apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by ototoxic stimuli. These various successful experiments confirmed the biocompatibility of different NPs and made it successfully to human clinical trials.
Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with the highest incidence rates in Western Europe, North America, and Australia. The most common type of BC is urothelial ...carcinoma (UC), which represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CD24, SOX2, and Nanog in UC cases and the correlation with recurrence and survival.
In this study, the authors investigated the expression of CD24, SOX2, and Nanog in 80 patients with urinary BC. The clinical significance of the markers was evaluated by assessing the correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis.
The CD24 expression was positive in 62.5% of the BC patients, there was a significant association between CD24 expression and high grade and stage and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), P (0.002, 0.0010, and 0.001). SOX2 was expressed in 60 patients (75%), the expression was significantly associated with age, stage, grade, LVI, lymph node, and smoking, P (0.016, 0.01, <0.001, 0.003, 0.036, and 0.002), respectively. Nanog expression was positive in 60% of the BC patients. There was a significant association between Nanog expression and age, high grade, high stage, and LVI ( P =0.016, <0.001, and 0.003), respectively.
A significant relation between CD24, SOX2, and Nanog with the invasive potential of UC. This increase in expression of the 3 markers with the grades and stages of UC suggests that they can play a role in the development of UC, so they can be used in targeted therapy in the future.
IntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the outcome of treatment with docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic high tumor burden hormone-sensitive ...prostate cancer (mHSPC) and correlated the outcome with hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelets (HALP) score. Material and methodsSix cycles of docetaxel plus ADT were given to 50 patients with high burden mHSPC. Baseline HALP score was calculated and disease outcome was tabulated; moreover, the prognostic impact of the HALP score in response to treatment and survival was calculated. ResultsWe found a significant association between high HALP score and response to treatment where a higher rate of complete response occurred in patients with a high HALP score than in patients with a low HALP score (53.8% vs. 5.4% respectively, p-value = 0.001). Patients with ≥ 12-month-duration castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) had a significantly higher HALP score compared to patients with a lower HALP score (84.6% vs. 35.1% respectively, p-value = 0.002); 18-month-duration CRPC-free survival was significantly greater in patients with higher HALP score than patients with a lower HALP score (23.1% and 5.4% respectively, p-value < 0.001). Patients with a high HALP score had insignificantly higher mean overall survival than patients with a low HALP score (mean: 22.91 and 20.66 months respectively, p-value = 0.230). ConclusionsOur results confirmed the benefits of treatment with docetaxel plus ADT in high-burden mHSPC with accepted tolerance. HALP score was found to be an independent predictive factor for benefit from therapy; we can apply it as an easy way to stratify patients for appropriate selection of treatment for better tolerance and outcome.
Background
The prevalence rate of breast carcinoma (BC) among multiple ethnic populations required more explanations to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms for the development of this type of ...cancer. The principal purpose of this work is to validate the correlation of the
CCND1 (c.723G
>
A; rs9344)
variant with an increased risk of breast carcinoma.
Methods
This retrospective case-controlled study was designed appertaining to 200 women including 100 BC patients and 100 unrelated cancer-free controls. The amplification of genomic DNA was genotyped utilizing the PCR-RFLP technique.
Results
The frequencies of the
CCND1 (c.723G
>
A; rs9344)
variant revealed a significant association with increased risk of breast carcinoma under different genetic models including allelic (OR = 2.84,
P-value
< 0.001), recessive (OR = 4.83,
P-value
< 0.001), and dominant (OR = 3.19,
P-value
< 0.001) models.
Conclusions
Our findings concluded that the genetic biomarker of the
CCND1 (c.723G
>
A; rs9344)
variant is correlated with an elevated risk of breast carcinoma among Egyptian women.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, novel biomarkers that may be used for new diagnostic strategies and ...drug-targeting therapy should be developed.
To investigate the expression of miR-29b in CRC and its association with ETV4 and cyclin D1 expression. Moreover, the current work aims to investigate the association between them and the clinicopathological features of CRC.
The expression of miR-29b and ETV4 (by qRT-PCR) and ETV4 and cyclin D1 (immunohistochemistry) was investigated in 65 cases of colon cancer and surrounding healthy tissues.
MiR-29b down-regulated and ETV4 and Cyclin D1 up-regulated significantly in colon cancer tissues compared to normal nearby colonic tissues. In addition, significant associations between ETV4 and cyclin D1 expressions and progressive stage and lymph node (LN) metastasis (P< 0.001 for each) were found. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between miR-29b gene expression and ETV4 gene expression (r=-0.298, P<0.016).
Down-regulation of miR-29b and over-expression of ETV4 and cyclin D1 may be utilized as early diagnostic marker for development of colon cancer. ETV4 and cyclin D1 correlate with poor prognostic indicators and considered as a possible target for therapy in colon cancer.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background Introducing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in a breast cancer patient may be associated with changes in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal ...growth hormone receptor 2 (HER2) status. Patients and methods In our prospective cohort study, we evaluated the impact of change in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth hormone receptor 2 (HER2) on the prognosis of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). We investigated 110 patients with locally advanced breast cancer for ER, PR and HER2 status of their lesions before and after NCT. Results For hormone receptor status (HR) (which include ER, PR) of the residual tumor of the patients after receiving NCT, 12 (10.9%) of them changed from HR (+) to HR (−) and 15 (13.6%) changed from HR (−) to HR (+). For HER2 status after NCT, 8 (7.3%) patients changed from HER2 (+) to HER2 (−) and 9 (8.2%) patients changed from HER2 (−) to HER2 (+). Triple negative (TN) tumor phenotype changes occurred in 17 (15.5%) patients. Patients for whom the HR status changed from positive to negative had poor prognosis for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in univariate survival analysis. Conclusions Changes in ER, PR, HER2 status and tumor phenotype in breast cancer patients after NCT had a negative prognostic impact and were associated with a poor prognosis.