Stars and planets both form by accreting material from a surrounding disk. Because they grow from the same material, theory predicts that there should be a relationship between their compositions. In ...this study, we search for a compositional link between rocky exoplanets and their host stars. We estimate the iron-mass fraction of rocky exoplanets from their masses and radii and compare it with the compositions of their host stars, which we assume reflect the compositions of the protoplanetary disks. We find a correlation (but not a 1:1 relationship) between these two quantities, with a slope of >4, which we interpret as being attributable to planet formation processes. Super-Earths and super-Mercuries appear to be distinct populations with differing compositions, implying differences in their formation processes.
Context.
Interest has been growing among the scientific community with respect to the stellar parameters of M dwarfs in recent years, with potential applications ranging from galactic ...characterization to exoplanet detection.
Aims.
The main motivation for this work is to develop an alternative and objective method for deriving stellar parameters for M dwarfs using the
H
-band spectra provided by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE).
Methods.
We took synthetic spectra generated with
iSpec
,
Turbospectrum
,
MARCS
model atmospheres, along with a custom line list that includes over 1 000 000 water lines, and we compared the data to APOGEE observations, with parameters that were determined through
χ
2
minimization.
Results.
We present spectroscopic parameters (
T
eff
, M/H, log
g
,
v
mic
) for a sample of 313 M dwarfs obtained from their APOGEE
H
-band spectra. The generated synthetic spectra reproduce observed spectra to a high level of accuracy. The impact of the spectra normalization on the results are analyzed as well.
Conclusions.
We compared our output parameters with those obtained with the APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline for the same stellar spectrum and we find that the values agree within the expected uncertainties. Comparisons with other previous near-infrared and optical data from the literature are also available, with median differences within our estimated uncertainties found in most cases. Here, we explore possible reasons for these differences. The full
H
-band line list, the line selection for the synthesis, and the synthesized spectra are available for download, along with the calculated stellar parameters.
Full text
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FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Context.
The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) has observed the
H
-band spectra of over 200 000 stars with
R
∼ 22 000.
Aims.
The main motivation for this work is to ...test an alternative method to the standard APOGEE pipeline (APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline, ASPCAP) to derive parameters in the near-infrared for FGK dwarfs.
Methods.
iSpec and Turbospectrum are used to generate synthetic spectra matching APOGEE observations and to determine the parameters through
χ
2
minimization.
Results.
We present spectroscopic parameters (
T
eff
, M/H, log
g
,
v
mic
) for a sample of 3748 main-sequence and subgiant FGK stars, obtained from their APOGEE
H
-band spectra.
Conclusions.
We compare our output parameters with the ones obtained with ASPCAP for the same stellar spectrum, and find that the values agree within the expected uncertainties. A comparison with the optical samples California Planet Survey, High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher – Guaranteed Time Observations, and PASTEL is also available, and median differences below 10 K for
T
eff
and 0.2 dex for M/H are found. Reasons for these differences are explored. The full
H
-band line list, the line selection for the synthesis, and the synthesized spectra are available at the CDS, as are the calculated parameters and their estimated uncertainties.
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Available for:
FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT Stellar elemental abundances are important for understanding the fundamental properties of a star or stellar group, such as age and evolutionary history, as well as the composition of an ...orbiting planet. However, as abundance measurement techniques have progressed, there has been little standardization between individual methods and their comparisons. As a result, different stellar abundance procedures determine measurements that vary beyond the quoted error for the same elements within the same stars. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the systematic variations between methods and offer recommendations for producing more accurate results in the future. We invited a number of participants from around the world (Australia, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) to calculate 10 element abundances (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ni, Ba, and Eu) using the same stellar spectra for four stars (HD 361, HD 10700, HD 121504, and HD 202206). Each group produced measurements for each star using (1) their own autonomous techniques, (2) standardized stellar parameters, (3) a standardized line list, and (4) both standardized parameters and a line list. We present the resulting stellar parameters, absolute abundances, and a metric of data similarity that quantifies the homogeneity of the data. We conclude that standardization of some kind, particularly stellar parameters, improves the consistency between methods. However, because results did not converge as more free parameters were standardized, it is clear there are inherent issues within the techniques that need to be reconciled. Therefore, we encourage more conversation and transparency within the community such that stellar abundance determinations can be reproducible as well as accurate and precise.
ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf (Teff = 5626 ± 61 K) ...solar-like star with a mass of 0.950 ± 0.010 M⊙ and a radius of 1.028 ± 0.030 R⊙. The planet, TOI-908 b, is a 3.18 ± 0.16 R⊕ planet in a 3.18 d orbit. Radial velocity measurements from HARPS reveal TOI-908 b has a mass of approximately 16.1 ± 4.1 M⊕, resulting in a bulk planetary density of $2.7^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ g cm−3. TOI-908 b lies in a sparsely populated region of parameter space known as the Neptune desert. The planet likely began its life as a sub-Saturn planet before it experienced significant photoevaporation due to X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation from its host star, and is likely to continue evaporating, losing a significant fraction of its residual envelope mass.
Abstract
This paper focuses on carbon, which is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and is of high importance in the field of nucleosynthesis and galactic and stellar evolution. The ...origin of carbon and the relative importance of massive and low- to intermediate-mass stars in producing it is still a matter of debate. We aim at better understanding the origin of carbon by studying the trends of C/H, C/Fe, and C/Mg versus Fe/H and Mg/H for 2133 FGK dwarf stars from the fifth
Gaia
–ESO Survey internal data release (GES iDR5). The availability of accurate parallaxes and proper motions from
Gaia
DR2 and radial velocities from GES iDR5 allows us to compute Galactic velocities, orbits, absolute magnitudes, and, for 1751 stars, Bayesian-derived ages. Three different selection methodologies have been adopted to discriminate between thin- and thick-disk stars. In all the cases, the two stellar groups show different C/H, C/Fe, and C/Mg and span different age intervals, with the thick-disk stars being, on average, older than the thin-disk ones. The behaviors of C/H, C/Fe, and C/Mg versus Fe/H, Mg/H, and age all suggest that C is primarily produced in massive stars. The increase of C/Mg for young thin-disk stars indicates a contribution from low-mass stars or the increased C production from massive stars at high metallicities due to the enhanced mass loss. The analysis of the orbital parameters
R
med
and
supports an “inside–out” and “upside–down” formation scenario for the disks of the Milky Way.
The surface abundance of lithium on the Sun is 140 times less than the protosolar value, yet the temperature at the base of the surface convective zone is not hot enough to burn-and hence deplete-Li ...(refs 2, 3). A large range of Li abundances is observed in solar-type stars of the same age, mass and metallicity as the Sun, but such a range is theoretically difficult to understand. An earlier suggestion that Li is more depleted in stars with planets was weakened by the lack of a proper comparison sample of stars without detected planets. Here we report Li abundances for an unbiased sample of solar-analogue stars with and without detected planets. We find that the planet-bearing stars have less than one per cent of the primordial Li abundance, while about 50 per cent of the solar analogues without detected planets have on average ten times more Li. The presence of planets may increase the amount of mixing and deepen the convective zone to such an extent that the Li can be burned.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is performing a near all-sky survey for planets that transit bright stars. In addition, its excellent photometric precision enables asteroseismology ...of solar-type and red-giant stars, which exhibit convection-driven, solar-like oscillations. Simulations predict that TESS will detect solar-like oscillations in nearly 100 stars already known to host planets. In this paper, we present an asteroseismic analysis of the known red-giant host stars HD 212771 and HD 203949, both systems having a long-period planet detected through radial velocities. These are the first detections of oscillations in previously known exoplanet-host stars by TESS, further showcasing the mission's potential to conduct asteroseismology of red-giant stars. We estimate the fundamental properties of both stars through a grid-based modeling approach that uses global asteroseismic parameters as input. We discuss the evolutionary state of HD 203949 in depth and note the large discrepancy between its asteroseismic mass (M* = 1.23 0.15 M if on the red-giant branch or M* = 1.00 0.16 M if in the clump) and the mass quoted in the discovery paper (M* = 2.1 0.1 M ), implying a change >30% in the planet's mass. Assuming HD 203949 to be in the clump, we investigate the planet's past orbital evolution and discuss how it could have avoided engulfment at the tip of the red-giant branch. Finally, HD 212771 was observed by K2 during its Campaign 3, thus allowing for a preliminary comparison of the asteroseismic performances of TESS and K2. We estimate the ratio of the observed oscillation amplitudes for this star to be , consistent with the expected ratio of ∼0.85 due to the redder bandpass of TESS.
Abstract
We report the discovery and characterization of a nearby (∼85 pc), older (27 ± 3 Myr), distributed stellar population near Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC), initially identified by searching for ...stars comoving with a candidate transiting planet from TESS (HD 109833; TOI 1097). We determine the association membership using Gaia kinematics, color–magnitude information, and rotation periods of candidate members. We measure its age using isochrones, gyrochronology, and Li depletion. While the association is near known populations of LCC, we find that it is older than any previously found LCC subgroup (10–16 Myr), and distinct in both position and velocity. In addition to the candidate planets around HD 109833, the association contains four directly imaged planetary-mass companions around three stars, YSES-1, YSES-2, and HD 95086, all of which were previously assigned membership in the younger LCC. Using the Notch pipeline, we identify a second candidate transiting planet around HD 109833. We use a suite of ground-based follow-up observations to validate the two transit signals as planetary in nature. HD 109833 b and c join the small but growing population of <100 Myr transiting planets from TESS. HD 109833 has a rotation period and Li abundance indicative of a young age (≲100 Myr), but a position and velocity on the outskirts of the new population, lower Li levels than similar members, and a color–magnitude diagram position below model predictions for 27 Myr. So, we cannot reject the possibility that HD 109833 is a young field star coincidentally nearby the population.
ABSTRACT
We present the discovery and confirmation of a transiting hot bloated super-Neptune using photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Las Cumbres Observatory ...Global Telescope (LCOGT) and radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS). The host star TOI-2498 is a V = 11.2, G-type (Teff = 5905 ± 12 K) solar-like star with a mass of 1.12 ± 0.02 M⊙ and a radius of 1.26 ± 0.04 R⊙. The planet, TOI-2498 b, orbits the star with a period of 3.7 d, has a radius of 6.1 ± 0.3 R⊕, and a mass of 35 ± 4 M⊕. This results in a density of 0.86 ± 0.25 g cm−3. TOI-2498 b resides on the edge of the Neptune desert; a region of mass–period parameter space in which there appears to be a dearth of planets. Therefore TOI-2498 b is an interesting case to study to further understand the origins and boundaries of the Neptune desert. Through modelling the evaporation history, we determine that over its ∼3.6 Gyr lifespan, TOI-2498 b has likely reduced from a Saturn-sized planet to its current radius through photoevaporation. Moreover, TOI-2498 b is a potential candidate for future atmospheric studies searching for species like water or sodium in the optical using high resolution spectroscopy, and for carbon-based molecules in the infrared using JWST.
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