We present the case of an isolated tibialis posterior muscle strain in an Australian Rules Football (AFL) player, an injury not previously described in the medical literature. The elite footballer ...presented with calf tightness following a game of AFL. The clinical history, examination findings and treatment regime followed a course similar to more typical “calf strains” involving the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, however Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a low grade isolated muscle strain of tibialis posterior. The only inciting factor was the use of new football boots. This novel case will alert radiologists and sports physicians to a new potential source of calf pain in athletes.
Here we report the DNA methylation profile of 84 sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) with associated clinical and genomic information. We identified three subgroups of PanNETs, termed ...T1, T2 and T3, with distinct patterns of methylation. The T1 subgroup was enriched for functional tumors and ATRX, DAXX and MEN1 wild-type genotypes. The T2 subgroup contained tumors with mutations in ATRX, DAXX and MEN1 and recurrent patterns of chromosomal losses in half of the genome with no association between regions with recurrent loss and methylation levels. T2 tumors were larger and had lower methylation in the MGMT gene body, which showed positive correlation with gene expression. The T3 subgroup harboured mutations in MEN1 with recurrent loss of chromosome 11, was enriched for grade G1 tumors and showed histological parameters associated with better prognosis. Our results suggest a role for methylation in both driving tumorigenesis and potentially stratifying prognosis in PanNETs.
High-resolution ac measurements of drain conductance at low temperatures have been made on silicon MOSFET's with channels as narrow as 0.1 µm. These devices show discrete switching events in the ...channel resistance associated with individual electrons being captured and emitted from single interface traps. The voltage and temperature dependence of this switching gives detailed information on the characteristics of the trap and its distance from the interface. This switching is a component of low-frequency noise in MOSFET's and may be an important limit to the performance of small transistors.
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