En el presente trabajo se analiza la labor jurisprudencial en la determinación delas condiciones de validez para el ejercicio de la facultad unilateral de movilidad geográficaen el ordenamiento ...jurídico peruano. A pesarde la inexistencia de regulación específicasobre la modificación de las condiciones sustanciales de trabajo; y, a partir de la regulacióngenérica de los límites del poder de dirección, delius variandiy de las disposiciones sobreactos de hostilidad del empleador, tanto la Corte Suprema como el Tribunal Constitucional,han establecido que la decisión de movilidad geográfica, en tanto afecta a una de lascondiciones sustanciales del contrato de trabajo, requiere la prueba empresarial de la causajustificativa razonable relacionada con las necesidades de la empresa y la prueba de lasrazones de la elección del concreto trabajador. Asimismo, que la decisión empresarial nocause perjuicios al trabajador, entendiendo por tales a cualquier daño patrimonial oextrapatrimonial que afecte irrazonablemente los derechos e intereses del trabajador o losde su núcleo familiar. Tales exigencias evidencian una labor judicial enmarcada dentro delmandato constitucional de dotar de protección al trabajador y de garantizarla efectivavigencia de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito laboral. Finalmente, tales exigenciascarecerían de sentido si en el ámbito del proceso laboral no se establecieran mecanismosque faciliten, como de hecho ha ocurrido, la probanza del acto abusivo cometido por elempleador. Se analizará también los criterios judiciales sobre facilitación probatoria–através de la prueba de indicios–que coadyuva a hacer efectivo el principio protector en elámbito del proceso de trabajo.
We described a case report of a 50 years-old-woman admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain associated with febrile hepatosplenomegaly with the final diagnosis of suprahepatic vein ...thrombosis secondary to COVID-19. Initially, this patient stayed out of a private room because of this atypical presentation and caused a COVID-19 outbreak in the emergency department.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Along the U.S.‐Mexico border, an aggressive non‐native grass, giant cane (Arundo donax), grows in dense, nearly impenetrable stands along hundreds of kilometers of the Rio Grande/Bravo (RGB). Between ...2008 and 2018, a diverse, multisector binational‐team repeatedly treated giant cane with prescribed fire and herbicide along 90 km of this binational river to restore aquatic and riparian habitat and native plant community composition. The large geographic scale, binational management response, treatment methods used, and development of a long‐term monitoring program to quantify treatment impacts on the RGB's riparian plant community underscore the unique aspects of this effort. Results of this decade‐long management experiment indicate that (i) the combination of a primary treatment of giant cane (using prescribed fire followed 4–6 weeks later by herbicide treatment of regrowth) and a secondary treatment (spot treatment of regrowth one or more years following primary treatment) was effective in reducing the extent and distribution of giant cane at relatively low cost, (ii) giant cane re‐establishment following treatment is often not rapid, nor dramatic; and (iii) as revealed by analysis of riparian vegetation monitoring data, eradication of dense stands of giant cane have fostered significant and long‐term reduction in giant cane cover and recovery of native woody riparian plant taxa. Important caveats to the long‐term viability of managing giant cane hinge on better understanding the consequences of herbicide use, securing funding to cover the cost of re‐treatment, and continuing river flow management focused on promoting the recovery of native riparian obligate plants over non‐natives.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanoporous gold (NPG) structures were prepared on the surface of a gold microelectrode (Au-μE) by an anodization-reduction method. Cyclic voltammetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy ...were used to study the electrochemical properties and the morphology of the nanostructured film. Voltammetry showed an improved sensitivity for dopamine (DA) oxidation at this microelectrode when compared to a bare gold microelectrode, with a peak near 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 0.1 V s
−1
. This is due to the increased surface area and roughness. Square wave voltammetry shows a response that is linear in the 0.1–10 μmol L
−1
DA concentration range, with a 30 nmol L
-1
detection limit and a sensitivity of 1.18 mA (μmol L
−1
)
−1
cm
−2
. The sensor is not interfered by ascorbic acid. The reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability and real sample analysis (spiked urine) were assessed, and acceptable performance was achieved. The “proof-of-concept” detection of dopamine release was demonstrated by using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with the aim of future applications for single cell analysis.
Graphical abstract
A reproducible electrochemical approach was proposed to fabricate an NPG-microelectrode for DA detection, with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Besides, a proof-of-concept detection of DA release was also demonstrated by using SECM.
This paper presents a finite element-based model for the parametric analysis of pile groups with 3 × 3 to 3 × 7 configurations subjected to lateral static loads and embedded in homogeneous sand ...deposits. The developed model employs brick elements to represent the soil and pile domains, while interface elements of zero thickness are used to model the opening and slipping at the soil–pile interface. After calibration with experimental data, the numerical model is used to perform parametric studies regarding the effect of various parameters such as cap elevation, scour depth, soil layering and pile material. It is found that as the cap approaches to the ground surface, the lateral resistance of the system significantly augments, whilst this decreases with the increase of the scour depth. The soil layering is introduced by means of a clay–sand–clay soil deposit which substantially modifies the distribution of plastic points around the foundation, not allowing forming the passive and active plastic soil wedges encountered in the studied homogeneous soil deposits. The inclusion of reinforced concrete piles in substitution of the aluminum ones led to a more flexible response of the systems, increasing the ultimate lateral displacement of the cap up to three times.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
is a serious human pathogen that is highly adaptive to environmental conditions and rapidly develops antibiotic resistance. The use of efflux pumps to reduce antibiotic concentrations at the ...intracellular level is one of the main mechanisms by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. The management of efflux pumps, specifically NorA, which is expressed by
strains, is a valuable strategy for restoring susceptibility in strains resistant to antibacterial agents. In recent years, many studies have focused on searching for natural substances that can reverse efflux pump-mediated resistance in
. Extracts and compounds obtained from plants can be efficient efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and represent a potentially patient-friendly strategy for controlling
. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of essential oils, petroleum ether extracts, dichloromethane extract (DCME) and six compounds isolated from the heartwood of
(Cupressaceae) and two synthetic derivatives to inhibit efflux in NorA pumps in the following three
strains: K2378, which overexpressed the
gene (
++), K1902 (
-deleted, Δ
) and the parental strain, NCTC 8325-4. Efflux activity was evaluated using a fluorometric method that measured the accumulation of the universal efflux pump substrate ethidium bromide (EtBr). Only DCME and the compounds 15-copaenol and
-cubenol inhibited EtBr efflux by K2378. Even the lowest concentration of 15-copaenol exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than carbonyl cyanide
-chlorophenyl hydrazone on EtBr efflux by K2378. 15-copaenal only showed inhibition of EtBr efflux in K2378 cells at 125 μg/mL, but not superior to the control inhibitor and 15-copaenyl acetate exerted no intrinsic EPI activity against K2378. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values obtained in the checkerboard assays, indicated that all combinations between DCME,
-cubenol and 15-copaenol, and tested antibiotics showed a synergistic effect in wild type,
and Δ
strains. Moreover, those were not toxic for the HeLa cell line at concentrations in which the synergistic effect and inhibitory activity of efflux pumps was determined. Other extracts and compounds obtained from
did not display EtBr efflux-inhibiting activity against the evaluated
strains.
A home‐made gold microelectrode (Au‐μE) was fabricated and its surface was modified with nanoporous gold structures via a facile electrochemical approach (anodization followed by electrochemical ...reduction method). The fabricated nanoporous Au microelectrode (NPG‐μE) was used as a sensor probe for the determination of As(III) in 1.0 mol L−1 HCl solution using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the surface morphology and assess the electrochemical surface area and the roughness factor of the NPG‐μE. SWASVs recorded with the NPG‐μE in As(III) solutions indicated linear behaviour in the concentration ranges of 10–200 μg L−1 and 2–30 μg L−1, with regression coefficients of 0.996 and 0.999 at a deposition time of 120 s, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.62 μg L−1 with high sensitivity of 29.75 μA (μg L−1)−1 cm−2. Repeatability and reproducibility were also examined and values were determined as 3.2 % and 9.0 %. Negligible interference from major interfering copper ion was noticed, revealing the excellent anti‐interference property of the proposed sensing platform. The developed NPG‐μE was successfully used for As(III) determination in tap water samples.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•It was carried out the electrochemical polymerization and characterization of PXDOT in ACN.•PXDOT shows a fast electron transfer with a maximal conductance at low potential ...values.•Xylen-unit attached to the polymer chain, cause an internal order, which improves ion mobility.•Reduction of PXDOT causes an irreversible arrangement but keeps charge/discharge reversibility.
The electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-ortho-xylendioxythiophene (XDOT) in acetonitrile on Pt electrode let to obtain stable and well-adhered conducting polymer films. The voltamperometric response of the poly-3,4-ortho-xylendioxythiophene (PXDOT) showed a mirror-image, indicating fast electron transfer (ΔEp = 60 mV), which is a rare phenomenon in thick layers of conducting polymers. The in-situ electrochemical conductance experiments showed that the maximal conductance for PXDOT is reached at lower potentials and with less hysteresis than the observed for PEDOT, confirming a fast electrochemical response of the polymer. This behavior could be attributed to the presence of the xylen-unit attached to the polymer chain, which generates an internal order on the oligomeric chains, forming channels that facilitate the mobility of the electrolyte ions during the charge/discharge processes. Additionally, PXDOT showed an irreversible cathodic process which does not correspond to an n-doping, nevertheless induce a polymer internal rearrangement, which causes a major change in the p-doping signal. This cathodic process thus, it was attributed to the reduction of intrachain charge-trapped that was produced during electropolymerization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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