Developing transition metal nitrides with unique nanomorphology is important for many energy storage and conversion processes. Here, a facile and novel one‐step approach of growing 3D hierarchical ...nickel nitride (hNi3N) on Ni foam via nitrogen plasma is reported. Different from most conventional chemical synthesis, the hNi3N is obtained in much shorter growth duration (≤15 min) without any hazardous or reactive sources and oxide precursors at a moderate reaction zone temperature of ≤450 °C. Among possible multifunctionalities of the obtained nanocoral hNi3N, herein the performance in reversible lithium ion storage and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. The as‐obtained hNi3N delivers a considerable cycling performance and rate stability as a lithium ion battery anode, and its property can be further enhanced by coating the hNi3N surface with graphene quantum dots. The hNi3N also serves as an active OER catalyst with high activity and stability. Additionally, on the basis of controlled growth under different nitrogen plasma treatment time, the formation mechanism of the nanocoralline hNi3N is outlined for further extension to other materials. The results on time‐ and energy‐efficient nitrogen‐plasma‐based preparation of hNi3N pave the way for the development of high‐performance metal nitride electrodes for energy storage and conversion.
Plasma makes nanocorals, via the formation of nickel nitride (Ni3N) nanostructures. Out of the nickel foam surface the nanocorals are induced by a fast and efficient N2 plasma treatment. Functional properties in lithium ion battery and oxygen evolution reaction are demonstrated. Coating of the graphene quantum dots shell further enhances the Li+ storage capability.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In recent years, the increasing demand for high‐capacity and safe energy storage has focused attention on zinc batteries featuring high voltage, high capacity, or both. Despite extensive research ...progress, achieving high‐energy‐density zinc batteries remains challenging and requires the synergistic regulation of multiple factors including reaction mechanisms, electrodes, and electrolytes. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize the rational design strategies of high‐energy‐density zinc batteries and critically analyze the positive effects and potential issues of these strategies in optimizing the electrochemistry, cathode materials, electrolytes, and device architecture. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the further development of high‐energy‐density zinc batteries are outlined to guide research towards new‐generation batteries for household appliances, low‐speed electric vehicles, and large‐scale energy storage systems.
Safe, inexpensive aqueous zinc batteries are expected to play a vital role in the next‐generation energy storage systems, but they currently display insufficient energy density. This Review articulates the design strategies effective in boosting the capacity, voltage, or both, highlights the challenges, and finally makes suggestions for future research directions.
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Zinc‐ion batteries are under current research focus because of their uniqueness in low cost and high safety. However, it is still desirable to improve the rate performance by improving the Zn2+ ...(de)intercalation kinetics and long‐cycle stability by eliminating the dendrite formation problem. Herein, the first paradigm of a high‐rate and ultrastable flexible quasi‐solid‐state zinc‐ion battery is constructed from a novel 2D ultrathin layered zinc orthovanadate array cathode, a Zn array anode supported by a conductive porous graphene foam, and a gel electrolyte. The nanoarray structure for both electrodes assures the high rate capability and alleviates the dendrite growth. The flexible Zn‐ion battery has a depth of discharge of ≈100% for the cathode and 66% for the anode, and delivers an impressive high‐rate of 50 C (discharge in 60 s), long‐term durability of 2000 cycles at 20 C, and unprecedented energy density ≈115 Wh kg−1, together with a peak power density ≈5.1 kW kg−1 (calculation includes masses of cathode, anode, and current collectors). First principles calculations and quantitative kinetics analysis show that the high‐rate and stable properties are correlated with the 2D fast ion‐migration pathways and the introduced intercalation pseudocapacitance.
New electrodes of Zn‐ion batteries. Strategies of novel layered mesoporous zinc orthovanadate, a Zn nanoarray, and a solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) are used to alleviate the dendrite growth problem. Intercalation pseudocapacitance in the cathode improves the rate capability. High energy and power densities are achieved with a depth of discharge of 100% for the cathode and 66% for the zinc anode.
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Metal‐ion capacitors are being widely studied to reach a balance between power and energy output by combining the merits of conventional batteries and capacitors. The main challenge for Na‐ion ...capacitors is that the battery‐type anode usually has unsatisfactory power density and long‐term stability since most Na host materials have a poor kinetic and structural stability. Herein, asymmetric hollow bowl‐like carbon (HBC) materials are rationally designed and fabricated through an in situ hard‐template approach. The formation originates from a subtle control of capillary force and the mechanical strength of the carbon shell. The HBCs possess abundant mesopores, high volumes of accessible surface area as well as an open macropore network. As a 3D host, MoSe2 nanocrystals are anchored onto the HBC matrix by a solid‐phase reaction. The obtained MoSe2@HBC nanobowl electrode exhibits pseudocapacitive sodium storage with fast kinetics, improved capacity at high currents, and cycle stability, which is also supported by DFT calculations. Sodium ion capacitor full cells are fabricated using the two bowl‐like architectures (MoSe2@HBC as the anode and HBC as the cathode), which deliver high energy and power densities, long cycle life, and a comparably low self‐discharge rate. Moreover, application of the HBC in a zinc‐ion capacitor (ZIC) is also demonstrated.
Hollow bowl‐like carbons are synthesized by an in situ hard‐template strategy and its composite with MoSe2 achieves excellent cycle stability during ultrafast sodium storage. The assembled sodium‐ion capacitor based on these hollow carbon bowls exhibits high energy and power densities, a long lifespan, and a low self‐discharge rate.
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Nickel–molybdenum bimetallic nitride dendritic nanofilms are obtained by a fast and environmentally friendly N2‐plasma‐activation method. The bimetallic nitride film has a 3D porous dendritic ...nanostructure and demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction in an alkaline electrolyte.
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Direct adoption of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials shows impoverished electrochemical performance owing to low electrical conductivity and poor chemical stability. In this ...study, we demonstrate self‐templated pseudomorphic transformation of MOF into surface chemistry rich hollow framework that delivers highly reactive, durable, and universal electrochemically active energy conversion and storage functionalities. In situ pseudomorphic transformation of MOF‐derived hollow rhombic dodecahedron template and sulfurization of nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo‐LDHs) lead to the construction of interlayered metal sulfides (NiCo‐LDH/Co9S8) system. The embedment of metal sulfide species (Co9S8) at the LDH intergalleries offers optimal interfacing of the hybrid constituent elements and materials stability. The hybrid NiCo‐LDH/Co9S8 system collectively presents an ideal porous structure, rich redox chemistry, and high electrical conductivity matrix. This leads to a significant enhancement in its complementary electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and supercapacitive energy storage properties. This work establishes the potential of MOF derived scaffold for designing of novel class hybrid inorganic–organic functional materials for electrochemical applications and beyond.
An in situ pseudomorphic transformation strategy is established via facile zeoliticimidazole‐framework‐derived templated growth and sulfurization of nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo‐LDH) to form a hybrid hydroxide–sulfide system. The hybrid system synchronously realizes an ideal porous framework, rich redox chemistry, and a high‐electrical‐conductivity matrix. This leads to a significant enhancement in its complementary electrocatalytic H2 generation and supercapacitive energystorage properties.
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A novel hybrid Li‐ion capacitor (LIC) with high energy and power densities is constructed by combining an electrochemical double layer capacitor type cathode (graphene hydrogels) with a Li‐ion ...battery type anode (TiO2 nanobelt arrays). The high power source is provided by the graphene hydrogel cathode, which has a 3D porous network structure and high electrical conductivity, and the counter anode is made of free‐standing TiO2 nanobelt arrays (NBA) grown directly on Ti foil without any ancillary materials. Such a subtle designed hybrid Li‐ion capacitor allows rapid electron and ion transport in the non‐aqueous electrolyte. Within a voltage range of 0.0−3.8 V, a high energy of 82 Wh kg−1 is achieved at a power density of 570 W kg−1. Even at an 8.4 s charge/discharge rate, an energy density as high as 21 Wh kg−1 can be retained. These results demonstrate that the TiO2 NBA//graphene hydrogel LIC exhibits higher energy density than supercapacitors and better power density than Li‐ion batteries, which makes it a promising electrochemical power source.
A hybrid Li‐ion capacitor is developed using a porous graphene hydrogel cathode, TiO2 nanobelt arrays as the anode, and LiPF6 electrolyte. The demonstrated high energy and power densities of such a hybrid device could bridge the gap between Li‐ion batteries and EDLC supercapacitors.
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A thin polymer shell helps V2O5 a lot. Short V2O5 nanobelts are grown directly on 3D graphite foam as a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cathode material. A further coating of a ...poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin shell is the key to the high performance. An excellent high‐rate capability and ultrastable cycling up to 1000 cycles are demonstrated.
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► Summary of branched nanowires (or nanotrees). ► Discussion on pros and cons of various fabrication methods. ► Branched nanowires in energy conversion and storage devices. ► ...Advantage of branching in solar cells, photocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors.
Branched nanowires (or referred as nanotrees, nanoforests) with tunable 3D morphology, homo or heterogeneous junction, and interface electronic alignment represent a unique system for applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Compared with 0D nanoparticles and 1D nanowires, 3D branched nanowires possess advantages including structural hierarchy, high surface areas and direct electron transport pathways. Therefore, branched nanowires are under the focus of recent research on energy materials. In this Review, the synthesis of a wide variety of branched nanostructures is summarized. The methods cover vapour phase, solution phase, and their combinations. As the main part of this Review, the latest results on the energy applications of branched nanowires in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical water splitting, supercapacitors and Li ion batteries are highlighted, and the benefits of the 3D branch structure is discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Direct inkjet printing of functional inks is an emerging and promising technique for the fabrication of electrochemical energy storage devices. Electrochromic energy devices combine electrochromic ...and energy storage functions, providing a rising and burgeoning technology for next‐generation intelligent power sources. However, printing such devices has, in the past, required additives or other second phase materials in order to create inks with suitable rheological properties, which can lower printed device performance. Here, tungsten oxide nanocrystal inks are formulated without any additives for the printing of high‐quality tungsten oxide thin films. This allows the assembly of novel electrochromic pseudocapacitive zinc‐ion devices, which exhibit a relatively high capacity (≈260 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) with good cycling stability, a high coloration efficiency, and fast switching response. These results validate the promising features of inkjet‐printed electrochromic zinc‐ion energy storage devices in a wide range of applications in flexible electronic devices, energy‐saving buildings, and intelligent systems.
Tungsten oxide nanocrystal inks are formulated without any additives, and inkjet‐printed flexible electrochromic devices with zinc‐ion storage function are presented. The device exhibits good electrochemical energy storage, electrochromic performance, and mechanical flexibility.
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