Unique nanorods/nanoparticles/nanoflakes (NRs/NPs/NFs) WO
3
triple-layers are grown on a metallic W foil by a simple one-step anodization method. The triple-layered structure is formed through a ...self-organization process, the film thickness (up to 3 μm) being controlled by the anodization time. A first layer made of an array of WO
3
densely-packed vertically-aligned NRs (1.2-1.4 μm in height) grow atop the tungsten foil, followed by a second layer of small NPs (50-80 nm) and finally a third layer made of rectangular NFs (200-300 nm). When irradiated by white light in a photoelectrochemical cell these WO
3
triple-layers generate a photocurrent as high as 0.9 mA cm
−2
at 1.2 V/RHE. Moreover, we show that the stability of the triple-layered WO
3
photoanodes can be considerably enhanced by adding an ultrathin (10 nm) TiO
2
protective overlayer.
Unique nanorods/nanoparticles/nanoflakes WO
3
triple-layers acting as efficient photoanodes are grown on a metallic W foil by a simple one-step anodization method.
A new spikemoss species,
, is described and illustrated based on materials collected from Fujian Province, East China. The new species can be distinguished from
Koidzumi and
P. S. Wang by its leaves ...with extremely long cilia (up to 8 mm) and distinctly white margins, ovate ventral sporophylls, and sporophyll-pteryx completely inverted on dorsal sporophylls. In the present work, a molecular phylogeny, taxonomic description, distribution information, line drawing, and photographs of this new species are presented. A morphological comparison is also given to distinguish it from morphologically similar species in Selaginellasect.Tetragonostachyae (Hook. & Grev.) Hieron. & Sadeb.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Unique nanorods/nanoparticles/nanoflakes (NRs/NPs/NFs) WO sub(3) triple-layers are grown on a metallic W foil by a simple one-step anodization method. The triple-layered structure is formed through a ...self-organization process, the film thickness (up to 3 mu m) being controlled by the anodization time. A first layer made of an array of WO sub(3) densely-packed vertically-aligned NRs (1.2-1.4 mu m in height) grow atop the tungsten foil, followed by a second layer of small NPs (50-80 nm) and finally a third layer made of rectangular NFs (200-300 nm). When irradiated by white light in a photoelectrochemical cell these WO sub(3) triple-layers generate a photocurrent as high as 0.9 mA cm super(-2) at 1.2 V/RHE. Moreover, we show that the stability of the triple-layered WO sub(3) photoanodes can be considerably enhanced by adding an ultrathin (10 nm) TiO sub(2) protective overlayer.
Cixian county has one of the highest incidence rates of esophageal cancer (EC) in China, as well as the world. In 1974, the Cixian population-based cancer registry system was established, so that ...there is now information on esophageal cancer cases over almost 30 years.
Data from Cixian Cancer Registry were checked and analyzed using SPSS 11.5.
From 1974 to 2002, a total of 18,471 new esophageal cancer cases were registered in Cixian, 11,068 in males and 7,403 in females. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) for males was 208.77 per 100,000, while for females it was 120.47 per 100,000. There was a clear trend for decrease overall in the incidence rate of esophageal cancer over the 29 years (X(2)=19.94, P<0.001). As to the geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous and hilly areas showed a significant decline (X(2) = 195.00 and X(2) = 46.08, respectively, both P X(2)0.001). Data for esophageal cancer incidence in level land areas in contrast were relatively steadily, with increase in recent years.
Esophageal cancer has decreased in Cixian county during the last 29 years, but this is due to change in mountainous and hilly areas. Compared to other regions in the world, Cixian county still has a very high incidence of ECs.
Immune deficiency is one of the hallmarks of HIV infection and a major cause of adverse outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Long-lived memory CD8
T cells (LLMCs) are essential executors of ...long-term protective immunity; however, the generation and maintenance of LLMCs during chronic HIV infection are not well understood. In the present study, we analyzed circulating LLMCs in healthy controls (HCs) and PLWH with different disease statuses, including treatment naïve patients (TNs), complete responders (CRs), and immunological non-responders (INRs). We found that both TNs and INRs showed severely compromised LLMCs compared with HCs and CRs, respectively. The decrease of LLMCs in TNs correlated positively with the reduction of their precursors, namely memory precursor effector T cells (MPECs), which might be associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Strikingly, INRs showed an accumulation of MPECs, which exhibited diminished responsiveness to interleukin 7 (IL-7), thereby indicating abrogated differentiation into LLMCs. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that treatment with dexamethasone could improve the IL7-phosphorylated (p)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) response by upregulating the expression of the interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7Rα) on MPECs in INRs. These findings provide insights that will encourage the development of novel therapeutics to improve immune function in PLWH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Temperature-dependent terahertz conductivity of tin oxide (SnO2) nanowire films was measured from 10 to 300 K using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The optical parameters, including the complex ...refractive index, optical conductivity and dielectric function, were obtained using a simple effective medium theory. The complex conductivity was fitted with the Drude-Smith model and the plasmon model. The results show that the carrier density (N) and plasmon resonance frequency (ω0) increase while the scattering time decreases with increasing temperature. The reduced carrier mobility compared with bulk SnO2 indicates the presence of carrier localization or trapping in these nanowires.
Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have attracted extensive attentions due to their integration of high‐energy battery and high‐power capacitor as well as the naturally abundant sodium resource. A major ...challenge of current SICs is to achieve high rate performance and long‐cycle stability of the battery‐type anode. Herein, fast sodium storage is achieved from sodium titanate (Na
2
Ti
3
O
7
) arrays that are uniformly grown on highly conductive carbon nanofiber networks with a high mass loading of 5.6 mg cm
−2
. Nanowires and nanobelts of Na
2
Ti
3
O
7
are both synthesized, and their Na‐ion storage properties are compared. Both arrays can be used as binder‐free and flexible electrodes, but the nanobelts exhibit higher specific capacity and better rate performance than the nanowires with similar mass loading. The difference between two types of nanostructures is ascribed to their different kinetics in ion/charge transport, according to the electrochemical impedance data. SIC full devices consisting of the Na
2
Ti
3
O
7
nanobelt anode and biomass‐derived porous carbon cathode are constructed, which show pretty high specific energy and power performance.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanoscale surface engineering is playing important role in enhancing the performance of battery electrode. VO sub(2) is one of high-capacity but less-stable materials and has been used mostly in the ...form of powders for Li-ion battery cathode with mediocre performance. In this work, we design a new type of binder-free cathode by bottom-up growth of biface VO sub(2) arrays directly on a graphene network for both high-performance Li-ion and Na-ion battery cathodes. More importantly, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are coated onto the VO sub(2) surfaces as a highly efficient surface "sensitizer" and protection to further boost the electrochemical properties. The integrated electrodes deliver a Na storage capacity of 306 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, and a capacity of more than 110 mAh/g after 1500 cycles at 18 A/g. Our result on Na-ion battery may pave the way to next generation postlithium batteries. Keywords: Vanadium oxides; sodium ion battery; lithium ion battery; graphene quantum dots; nanoarray electrodes
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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