Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) owing to their large open framework structure. As the K+ migration rate and storage sites rely highly ...on the periodic lattice arrangement, it is rather important to guarantee the high crystallinity of PBAs. Herein, highly crystalline K2FeFe(CN)6 (KFeHCF‐E) is synthesized by coprecipitation, adopting the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt as a chelating agent. As a result, an excellent rate capability and ultra‐long lifespan (5000 cycles at 100 mA g−1 with 61.3% capacity maintenance) are achieved when tested in KIBs. The highest K+ migration rate of 10−9 cm2 s−1 in the bulk phase is determined by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. Remarkably, the robust lattice structure and reversible solid‐phase K+ storage mechanism of KFeHCF‐E are proved by in situ XRD. This work offers a simple crystallinity optimization method for developing high‐performance PBAs cathode materials in advanced KIBs.
Highly crystalline K2FeFe(CN)6 (KFeHCF‐E) is synthesized by adopting ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt (EDTA‐2K) as a chelating agent. The robust lattice structure and reversible solid‐phase K+ storage mechanism of KFeHCF‐E are revealed via in situ XRD. Thus, the KFeHCF‐E cathode exhibits excellent rate performance and ultra‐long lifespan.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are the most widely used insecticides in China and worldwide. Continuous use of NNIs can lead to their accumulation in soil, causing potential ecological risks due ...to their relatively long half-life. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the residual levels of nine neonicotinoids in greenhouse soils in Shouguang, East China, at different soil depths and with different crops (tomato and cucumber) after varying periods of cultivation. Seven neonicotinoids were detected in the soils of the tomato greenhouses and six were detected in the soils of the cucumber greenhouses, with total concentrations ranging from 0.731 to 11.383 μg kg−1 and 0.363 to 19.224 μg kg−1, respectively. In all samples, the neonicotinoid residues in the soils cultivated for 8–9 years were lower than in those cultivated for 2 years and 14–17 years. In the tomato greenhouse soils, the residual levels of NNIs were highest in the topsoil, with progressively lower concentrations found with depth. Under cucumber cultivation, the NNI residue levels were also highest in the topsoil but there was little difference between the middle and lower soil layers. Total organic carbon (TOC) decreased with soil depth while pH showed the opposite trend, showing a significant negative correlation in both types of soils (tomato soils ρ = −0.900, p = .001; cucumber soils ρ = −0.883, p = .002). Furthermore, TOC was significantly positively correlated, and pH was negatively correlated, with total NNI concentrations in both types of soils (TOC: tomato soils ρ = 0.800, p = .010; cucumber soils ρ = 0.881, p = .004; pH: tomato soils ρ = −0.850, p = .004; cucumber soils ρ = −0.643, p = .086). The results of an ecological risk analysis showed that acetamiprid represents a particularly high toxicity risk in these soils. Based on our analysis, NNI residues in the soils of tomato greenhouses and their associated ecological risks deserve more attention than those of cucumber greenhouse soils.
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•Neonicotinoid residues in topsoil were higher in both tomato and cucumber greenhouses.•The total amount of neonicotinoids in soil was significantly positively correlated with TOC.•The total amount of neonicotinoids in soil was significantly negatively correlated with pH.•Acetamiprid was with high ecological risks based on acute SSD models.•Greatest neonicotinoid effects in short-term cucumbers and long-term tomatoes greenhouse soils
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable cancer resistant to traditional treatments, although a limited number of early-stage patients can undergo radical resection. Immunotherapies ...for the treatment of haematological malignancies as well as solid tumours have been substantially improved over the past decades, and impressive results have been obtained in recent preclinical and clinical trials. However, PDAC is likely the exception because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the PDAC TME and focus on the network of various tumour-infiltrating immune cells, outlining the current advances in PDAC immunotherapy and addressing the effect of the PDAC TME on immunotherapy. This review further explores the combinations of different therapies used to enhance antitumour efficacy or reverse immunodeficiencies and describes optimizable immunotherapeutic strategies for PDAC. The concordant combination of various treatments, such as targeting cancer cells and the stroma, reversing suppressive immune reactions and enhancing antitumour reactivity, may be the most promising approach for the treatment of PDAC. Traditional treatments, especially chemotherapy, may also be optimized for individual patients to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment for enhanced therapy.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Herein we reported a directing-group assisted strategy for nickel-catalysed reductive defluorinative sulfenylation of trifluoropropionic acid derivatives with disulfides in the presence of Zn, ...involving triple C-F bond cleavage. This process yielded a diverse array of carbonyl-sulfide di-substituted alkenes in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance. Specifically, the reactions exhibited high
E
-selectivity with
E
/
Z
ratio up to >99 : 1.
Nickel-catalysed chelation-assisted reductive cross-coupling of trifluoropropanamides/esters with disulfides to afford thioacrylamides/esters with high
E
selectivity, involving triple C-F bond cleavage.
Potassium (K) metal batteries are identified as some of the most potential candidates for next-generation energy storage devices due to the abundant reserves, low redox potential and high theoretical ...capacity of K metal. However, the practical application of K metal batteries is severely hindered by the uncontrollable growth of K dendrites. Herein, a dendrite-free and high-performance K metal anode was obtained by constraining K metal on SnO
2
-modified commercial carbon cloth (K-CC@SnO
2
). In the K-CC@SnO
2
structure, K metal wraps the SnO
2
particles and forms a closely connected structure with the carbon cloth. CC@SnO
2
not only shows excellent potassiophilicity, but also possesses high electronic conductivity and large void spaces, which can induce the homogeneous deposition of K metal and accommodate the large volume changes of K during the plating/stripping processes. Consequently, the as-constructed K-CC@SnO
2
anodes exhibit low polarization and long cycling life with a dendrite-free morphology in symmetric cells with a carbonate-based electrolyte. In addition, a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)|K-CC@SnO
2
full cell shows excellent rate performance (112.5 mA h g
−1
@ 5 A g
−1
) and ultralong cycling life (up to 10 000 cycles). A PTCDI|K-CC@SnO
2
pouch cell was successfully assembled and it delivers a long cycling life of 500 cycles with an energy density of 274 W h kg
−1
. These results indicate that a simple and effective strategy has been proposed for the development of K metal anodes with commercialization potential.
An effective strategy for dendrite-free K metal anodes is developed. The prepared K-CC@SnO
2
anode shows dendrite-free morphology. The PTCDI|K-CC@SnO
2
pouch cell exhibits long cycling performance (500 cycles) and an energy density of 274 W h kg
−1
.
Background and Purpose
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a known xenobiotic sensor, plays an important role in drug metabolism by regulating numerous genes. The polycyclic aromatic ...hydrocarbon pyrene, an environmental pollutant, is a CAR activator and induces mouse hepatotoxicity via CAR. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response in pyrene‐caused mice liver injury.
Experimental Approach
Effects of pyrene on the liver were investigated in wild‐type and CAR knockout (KO) mice. Levels of pyrene and its urinary metabolite were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Inflammatory responses were measured by qRT‐PCR, western blotting, and ELISA for cytokines.
Key Results
Serum amyloid A proteins (SAAs) were markedly increased in the liver and serum of pyrene‐exposed wild‐type mice. IL‐17‐producing helper T cells (Th17 cells) and IL‐17 levels were increased in the liver of pyrene‐exposed wild‐type mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα, and serum IL‐6 levels were significantly elevated in pyrene‐treated wild‐type mice. However, these changes were not observed in CAR KO mice.
Conclusion and Implications
CAR plays a crucial role in pyrene‐caused mice liver inflammatory response with increased SAAs and Th17 cells. Our results suggest that serum SAAs may be a convenient biomarker for early diagnosis of liver inflammatory response caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including pyrene. CAR and Th17 cells may be potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies for xenobiotic‐induced liver inflammation.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The restoration of motion-blurred star images under high dynamic conditions is important for the high-precision attitude measurement of star sensors. Through motion modelling analysis, it is ...found that the streak of the imaged star point (star streak) is an elliptical arc. However, existing star image restoration methods are only suitable for the case where the star streak is a straight line. For this reason, a star image restoration algorithm for elliptical star streaks is proposed in this paper. First, the elliptical star streak is transformed into a circular star streak by projective transformation. Then, the circular star streak is transformed into a straight star streak by polar coordinate transformation. Finally, the restored original star image is obtained by restoration methods for straight star streaks and coordinate inverse transformation. At the same time, the algorithm is further optimized by subdividing the polar coordinates. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is effective and the restoration accuracy is at the same level as that of existing star image restoration methods for straight star streaks.
Curcumin is the main active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, turmeric, which acts against non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC), lowers blood pressure, is ...anti-inflammatory, choleretic, and exerts anti-oxidant effects, without any obvious toxicity in the long term. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the anticancer effect of curcumin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of human NSCLC through the upregulation of microRNA-192-5p (miR-192-5p) and suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the present study, treatment with curcumin inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and increased the caspase-3 activity of A549 cells. The results also showed that, miR-192-5p relative expression of NCL-H460 cells was relatively lower than that of A549 cells, which was higher, with that of BEAS-2E cells being the highest. miR-192-5p mimics suppressed cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis of A549 cells. However, anti-miR-192-5p mimics increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis of A549 cells. Curcumin treatment effectively increased the relative miR-192-5p expression and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. miR-192-5p mimics enhanced the effect of curcumin on cell viability and apoptosis and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in A549 cells. Anti-miR-192-5p mimics reversed the effect of curcumin on A549 cells and PI3K/Akt expression. Collectively, our findings suggested that curcumin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells through the upregulation of miR-192-5p and suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, plays a critical role in the metabolism ...of endogenous and exogenous substances in the liver. Here, we investigate whether PXR plays a role in pathogenesis of HCC. We show that liver tumors were developed in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated in PXR knockout (KO) mice. Hepatic levels of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and aldo–keto reductase family 1 member C18 (Akr1c18), a prostaglandin synthase of catalyzing reduction of PGH2 to PGF2α, were significantly elevated in DEN-treated PXR KO mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in DEN-treated PXR KO mice. Other members of Akr1c family, liver metabolizing enzymes including Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11, and bile acid synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in DEN-treated PXR KO mice. Our findings revealed that PXR deficiency promoted DEN-induced HCC in mice via induction of Akr1c18 expression and PGF2α levels and the increased PGF2α levels synthetized by Akr1c18 enhanced hepatocytes proliferation and induced inflammatory cytokine production, which accelerated liver tumor development after DEN treatment, suggesting that PXR deficiency may create a microenvironment that is more prone to DEN-induced liver tumors and targeting PXR and Akr1c18 to reduce PGF2α biosynthesis may be a potential and novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Herein we reported the use of Earth-abundant iron as the catalytic metal in the presence of Mn to induce difluorobromoacetates to form carbon radicals, which reacted with trifluoromethyl olefins ...followed by -F elimination to generate the corresponding
gem
-difluoroolefins. The cross-electrophile coupling displayed excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope under mild reductive conditions, affording a large number of polyfluorinated compounds, which could be further transformed to other valuable molecules.
Iron-catalysed reductive cross-coupling of difluorobromo acetic acid derivatives with trifluoromethyl olefins to afford polyfluorinated molecules, containing a difluorenyl and difluoroalkyl group, with a broad substrate scope.
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