Abstract
Effectively and accurately extracting water bodies from high-resolution remote sensing images is an important yet extremely challenging task due to ambiguities raised by spectral and texture ...similarities between water bodies and distractors such as shadows buildings, mountains and vegetations. Recent developed deep learning techniques have provided researchers powerful tools to defeat traditional hand-engineered features by learning powerful hierarchical representations, however, with a cost of very high model complexity and computational resource requirement. To conquer this issue, in this paper, we propose to build a deep learning model for water extraction based on the EfficientNet-B5. We evaluate possible variations of such design and compare them with several widely used approaches on GF-2 and Sentinel-2 satellites. Experimental results demonstrate that our model obtains much better performance than SVM and U-Net, which clearly shows the effectiveness and robustness. We hope this work will facilitate further research in this field and inspire researchers in the community to develop better models.
In order to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al-Cr-Fe-Co-Ni system high-entropy alloys (HEAs), the effects of Mo on the microstructure, mechanical properties and ...corrosion behavior of the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMox (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, molar ratio, the same below) HEAs were studied. The results show that the microstructures of the HEAs evolve from the FCC phase (x=0.2) to the FCC+σ phases (x=0.4-0.8) with the increase of Mo content. The compressive yield strength and hardness of the HEAs are enhanced from 304 MPa and 214HV (x=0.2) to 1192 MPa and 513HV (x=0.8), respectively, while the plastic strain decreases from > 50% to 5.2%, mainly due to the solution strengthening and the increase in σ phase of the alloys.Among the present alloys system, the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.4 and Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.6 alloys show relatively high yield strength (571-776 MPa) combined with good plasticity (plastic strain of 10.3%-23.8%).In 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution, the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMox HEAs are spontaneously pas
In this study, modifying the austenitizing temperature offers a strategically viable way towards creating blocky retained austenite (BRA) with varying sizes and morphologies in nanostructured ...bainitic steel, in strikingly contrast to the conventional method of adjusting the austempering temperature. Dynamic tensile and compressive evaluation at different strain rates of 1 × 103 s−1 and 5 × 103 s−1 were carried out to gain insights into the effect of BRA stability on the dynamic mechanical properties and its intrinsic relationship with high strain rates. Additionally, the phase transformations and the triggered transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effects of BRA at different high strain rates were analyzed. The results reveal that during dynamic deformation, most of metastable BRA underwent a two-stage martensitic transformation of γ→εM and εM→α′M, while the filmy retained austenite exhibits minimal phase transformation. BRA dominates the TRIP effect under the extremely short deformation time and adiabatic heating conditioning. Consequently, samples containing more and larger-sized BRA demonstrated superior dynamic mechanical properties, including strength and fracture strain. As the strain rate increases, the TRIP effect induced by less stable BRA contributes to more pronounced enhancement of properties. Besides the deterioration effect originating from the early transformed brittle martensite also gradually intensifies with the strain rate, which is manifested by the appearance of quasi-cleavage facets at the fracture comparable to the BRA size. Nevertheless, during dynamic deformation, the metastable BRA induced TRIP effect significantly enhances the mechanical properties, outweighing its deteriorating effect. Moreover, less stable BRA should be favored at higher the strain rate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, screening bacteriocin-producing strains from 2,000 plant-derived strains by agar well diffusion method was conducted. The corresponding produced bacteriocin was purified and identified ...by Sephadex gel chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Meanwhile, the biological characteristics of bacteriocin were investigated. The targeted strain W3-2 was obtained and identified as
by morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Correspondingly, a novel bacteriocin (named plantaricin W3-2) produced by
W3-2 with a molecular weight of 618.26 Da, and an amino acid sequence of AVEEE was separated, purified by Sephadex gel chromatography and RP-HPLC, and identified by LC-MS/MS. Further characteristics analysis displayed that plantaricin W3-2 had good thermal, pH stability, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability. In conclusion, plantaricin W3-2 can be used as a new food preservative.
The ostrich (
Struthio camelus
) is characterized by high speed and heavy load when running. Its intertarsal joint (Fig.
1
A) with double-nutrient foramina (DNF) exhibits excellent ability to ...withstand high impact during running, and is characterized by lightweight. We investigated the effect of DNF on the biomechanical properties of the intertarsal joints of the ostrich. The intertarsal joint was reconstructed according to computed tomography images, and four models were established to uncover the separate and combined effects of the compositional parameters (geometric features, material properties) on stress concentration reduction. We have revised the formula that can be used to predict the elasticity modulus (
E
) of ostrich bones and verified the accuracy of the formula with nano-indentation equipment. The results were analyzed by t tests, and the p value is less than 0.05. The finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PT and models. Compared to the Filled model (DNF was filled), the maximum stress at the lateral and medial fossa in the Initial model was reduced by 15.4%, although there was no significant difference in the medial maximum stress. Compared with the stress value of models without holes, the models with holes have lower stress, with a reduction of 4.0%. Reasonable design of holes can improve the efficiency of material utilization. This paper investigated the mechanism of high mechanical properties of the intertarsal joints of ostrich and developed four bionic-bearing parts based on the characteristics of DNF and heterogeneity materials, which may provide ideas for the design of aircraft and robot parts with lightweight and high strength.
Fig. 1
The intertarsal joint of ostrich and finite element models.
a
The intertarsal joint of ostrich.
b
The model which DNF was filled was named Filled model.
c
The model which DNF was retained was named Initial model
Graphic abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Fermented minced peppers are a traditional fermented food that has a unique flavor due to various microbial communities involved in fermentation. Understanding the changes in microbial communities ...and volatile components of fermented minced peppers is particularly important to unveil the formation of unique flavor of fermented peppers. In this study, the microbial communities and volatile compounds in fermented minced pepper was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and GC-MS, as well as their underlying correlations were also established. Results indicated that 17 genera were identified as dominant microorganisms in the fermentation of minced pepper, accompanied by the detection of 64 volatile compounds. Further hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) displayed that dynamic change of volatile metabolites were involved in the fermentation process, where alkane volatile components were mainly generated in the early stage (3–5 days), and alcohols volatile components were in the middle stage (7–17 days), while ester volatile components were mainly produced in both the early stage (3–5 days) and last stage (17–20 days). Bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) analysis revealed that 11 genera were core functional microorganisms of fermented minced pepper.
Cladosporium
and
Hansenpora
were significantly correlated with the formation of 9 and 6 volatiles, respectively. These findings provide new insights into aroma profile variation of fermented minced peppers and underlying mechanism of characteristic aroma formation during fermentation.
Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas‐bearing capacity and ...providing effective well‐production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY‐A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S1l shale, 15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S1l in well JY‐A. Three methods, including the on‐site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY‐A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY‐A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY‐1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S1l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY‐A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The strategic implementation of innovative, collaborative and integrated information is essential for the sustainable development of construction organizations in the new century. The emerging ...information technologies (ITs) offer construction organizations great potential to develop collaborative work (CW) management information systems in architecture, engineering and construction (A/E/C) projects. This paper presents an in-depth literature review of IT supported CW in A/E/C projects. Based on selected papers from well-known academic journals in construction management over a ten-year period (2000–2009), the review focuses on the implementations of IT in collaborative design, collaborative construction project management, and integrated inter-organization management information systems. A synthesis is presented on the state-of-the-art and trends of IT supported CW in A/E/C projects. Some limitations of past research studies in IT supported CW in A/E/C projects are discussed and future research directions are recommended.
► Information technologies (ITs) offer construction organizations potential to develop collaborative work (CW) information systems. ► We present an in-depth literature review of IT supported CW in architecture, engineering and construction (A/E/C) projects. ► The review focuses on collaborative design, collaborative project management, and inter-organization information systems. ► A synthesis is presented on the state-of-the-art and trends of IT supported CW in A/E/C projects. ► Some limitations of current studies are discussed and future research directions are recommended.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Lagoons, significant coastal wetlands, stand out for their vital role in the cycles and transformations of phosphorus. However, the relationship between the spatial distributions of various ...phosphorus forms in the soil and sediments of lagoon areas remains unclear. This study investigated the phosphorus fractions and distribution patterns in the soil and sediments from Shimei Inland Sea, Hainan Province, China, and identified the factors controlling phosphorus distribution and its relationship with lagoon eutrophication. The results revealed significant enrichment of inorganic phosphorus (IP) in the Shimei Inland Sea (64.1–679.0 mg/kg) and offshore areas (56–627.2 mg/kg), while organic phosphorus (OP) was relatively concentrated in land (60–744.3 mg/kg), suggesting that the productivity of the terrestrial ecosystem controlled the OP content and IP formed from the mineralization of OP was more likely to leach into the water and combine with minerals. Total phosphorus (TP) content was negatively affected by pH, and organic matter, cation exchange capacity and iron/aluminum oxides showed significant positive correlations with TP content. These findings highlighted the coupled impact of soil and sediment physicochemical properties on phosphorus enrichment and transformation, providing theoretical support for the ecological restoration of ecosystems in tropical coastal wetlands.
Diseases of the nervous system are widely considered to be caused by genetic mutations, and they have been shown to share pathogenic genes. Discovering the shared mechanisms of these diseases is ...useful for designing common treatments.
In this study, by reviewing 518 articles published after 2007 on 20 diseases of the nervous system, we compiled data on 1607 mutations occurring in 365 genes, totals that are 1.9 and 3.2 times larger than those collected in the Clinvar database, respectively. A combination with the Clinvar data gives 2434 pathogenic mutations and 424 genes. Using this information, we measured the genetic similarities between the diseases according to the number of genes causing two diseases simultaneously. Further detection was carried out on the similarity between diseases in terms of cell types. Disease-related cell types were defined as those with disease-related gene enrichment among the marker genes of cells, as ascertained by analyzing single-cell sequencing data. Enrichment profiles of the disease-related genes over 25 cell types were constructed. The disease similarity in terms of cell types was obtained by calculating the distances between the enrichment profiles of these genes. The same strategy was applied to measure the disease similarity in terms of brain regions by analyzing the gene expression data from 10 brain regions.
The disease similarity was first measured in terms of genes. The result indicated that the proportions of overlapped genes between diseases were significantly correlated to the DMN scores (phenotypic similarity), with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.40 and
= 6.0×10
. The disease similarity analysis for cell types identified that the distances between enrichment profiles of the disease-related genes were negatively correlated to the DMN scores, with Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.26 (
= 1.5 × 10
). However, the brain region enrichment profile distances of the disease-related genes were not significantly correlated with the DMN score. Besides the similarity of diseases, this study identified novel relationships between diseases and cell types.
We manually constructed the most comprehensive dataset to date for genes with mutations related to 20 nervous system diseases. By using this dataset, the similarities between diseases in terms of genes and cell types were found to be significantly correlated to their phenotypic similarity. However, the disease similarities in terms of brain regions were not significantly correlated with the phenotypic similarities. Thus, the phenotypic similarity between the diseases is more likely to be caused by dysfunctions of the same genes or the same types of neurons rather than the same brain regions. The data are collected into the database NeurodisM, which is available at http://biomed-ai.org/neurodism.
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