A reverberating environment is a common complex medium for airborne sound, with familiar examples such as music halls and lecture theaters. The complexity of reverberating sound fields has hindered ...their meaningful control. Here, by combining acoustic metasurface and adaptive wavefield shaping, we demonstrate the versatile control of reverberating sound fields in a room. This is achieved through the design and the realization of a binary phase-modulating spatial sound modulator that is based on an actively reconfigurable acoustic metasurface. We demonstrate useful functionalities including the creation of quiet zones and hotspots in a typical reverberating environment.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although they are classically viewed as continuously recirculating through the lymphoid organs and blood, lymphocytes also establish residency in non-lymphoid tissues, most prominently at barrier ...sites, including the mucosal surfaces and skin. These specialized tissue-resident lymphocyte subsets span the innate-adaptive continuum and include innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), unconventional T cells (e.g., NKT, MAIT, γδ T cells, and CD8αα+ IELs), and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Although these diverse cell types differ in the particulars of their biology, they nonetheless exhibit important shared features, including a role in the preservation of tissue integrity and function during homeostasis, infection, and non-infectious perturbations. In this Review, we discuss the hallmarks of tissue-resident innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocytes, as well as their potential functions in non-lymphoid organs.
Tissue-resident lymphocyte subsets span the innate-adaptive continuum but nonetheless exhibit shared features that allow them to communicate with the tissue microenvironment and to preserve tissue integrity and function during homeostasis, infection, and non-infectious perturbations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the presence of gauge symmetry, common but not limited to artificial crystals, the algebraic structure of crystalline symmetries needs to be projectively represented, giving rise to unprecedented ...topological physics. Here, we demonstrate this novel idea by exploiting a projective translation symmetry and constructing a variety of Möbius-twisted topological phases. Experimentally, we realize two Möbius insulators in acoustic crystals for the first time: a two-dimensional one of first-order band topology and a three-dimensional one of higher-order band topology. We observe unambiguously the peculiar Möbius edge and hinge states via real-space visualization of their localiztions, momentum-space spectroscopy of their 4π periodicity, and phase-space winding of their projective translation eigenvalues. Not only does our work open a new avenue for artificial systems under the interplay between gauge and crystalline symmetries, but it also initializes a new framework for topological physics from projective symmetry.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHM) is a combined immune deficiency disorder caused by genetic alterations in CD40 ligand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ...recombinant CD40 ligand (rCD40L) in the treatment of the disease. Three children were administered rCD40L subcutaneously 3 times per week at 0.03 mg/kg for 22 weeks, and after a 12-week drug-free interval, the dose was increased to 0.05 mg/kg for an additional 22 weeks of treatment. Although specific antibody responses to T cell–dependent antigens was lacking, administration of rCD40 resulted in acquisition of the capacity to mount cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity reactions that disappeared during the drug-free interval as well as the postbiologic follow-up period. With rCD40L treatment, patient T cells developed a new capacity to respond to T-cell mitogens with synthesis of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Intracellular cytokine staining studies showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells participated in this response. Finally, CD40L therapy was associated with changes in lymph node size and architecture based on comparison of biopsies taken before and after therapy. This clinical study showed that rCD40L is capable of improving T cell–immune function in patients with XHM.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Inspired by the newly emergent valleytronics, great interest has been attracted to the topological valley transport in classical metacrystals. The presence of nontrivial domain-wall states is ...interpreted with a concept of valley Chern number, which is well defined only in the limit of small band gap. Here, we propose a new visual angle to track the intricate valley topology in classical systems. Benefiting from the controllability of our acoustic metacrystals, we construct Weyl points in synthetic three-dimensional momentum space through introducing an extra structural parameter (rotation angle here). As such, the two-dimensional valley-projected band topology can be tracked with the strictly quantized topological charge in three-dimensional Weyl crystal, which features open surface arcs connecting the synthetic Weyl points and gapless chiral surface states along specific Weyl paths. All theoretical predictions are conclusively identified by our acoustic experiments. Our findings may promote the development of topological valley physics, which is less well defined yet under hot debate in multiple physical disciplines.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Topological features embedded in ancient braiding and knotting arts endow significant impacts on our daily life and even cutting-edge science. Recently, fast growing efforts are invested to the ...braiding topology of complex Bloch bands in non-Hermitian systems. This new classification of band topology goes far beyond those established in Hermitian counterparts. Here, we present the first acoustic realization of the topological non-Hermitian Bloch braids, based on a two-band model easily accessible for realizing any desired knot structure. The non-Hermitian bands are synthesized by a simple binary cavity-tube system, where the long-range, complex-valued, and momentum-resolved couplings are accomplished by a well-controlled unidirectional coupler. In addition to directly visualizing various two-band braiding patterns, we unambiguously observe the highly elusive topological phase transitions between them. Not only do our results provide a direct demonstration for the non-Hermitian band topology, but also the experimental techniques open new avenues for designing unconventional acoustic metamaterials.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Recently, intense efforts have been devoted to realizing classical analogues of various topological phases of matter. In this Letter, we explore the intriguing Weyl physics by a simple ...one-dimensional sonic crystal, in which two extra structural parameters are combined to construct a synthetic three-dimensional space. Based on our ultrasonic experiments, we have not only observed the synthetic Weyl points, but also probed the novel reflection phase singularity that connects inherently with the topological robustness of Weyl points. The presence of topologically nontrivial interface modes has been demonstrated further. As the first realization of topological acoustics in synthetic space, our study exhibits great potential of probing high-dimensional topological phenomena by such easily fabricated and detected low-dimension acoustic systems.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
PDF
