Japan’s forest healthcare industry has developed rather early in the world, and has gone through three stages: formation of conditions, active exploration stage and vigorous development stage. The ...writer , as from a country which started forest healthcare industry only ten years ago, and faces many problems, especially in the government’s policies, tries to explore Japan’s policies in different stages through interviews with the experts and reading the documents, and tries to find the Enlightenment of Japan’s forest healthcare industry to China. The author finds, Japanese government has adopted a series of policies and regulations to support the development of the forest healthcare industry, such as forest laws and forest park system, promotion of the concept of forest bathing, construction of forest therapy bases and the professionalization of talents, and forest tourism The Japanese government’s policies has several inspirations for China: firstly, strengthening research on forest efficacy, establishing and popularizing the concept of forest healthcare, and promoting the professional talent training and qualification certificate system, promoting the standardization of China’s forest healthcare industry development, and assisting in the implementation of the national strategy of healthy China and ecological civilization construction.
The concept of valley pseudospin, labelling quantum states of energy extrema in momentum space, is attracting attention1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 because of its potential as a new type ...of information carrier. Compared with the non-topological bulk valley transport, realized soon after predictions1, 2, 3, 4, 5, topological valley transport in domain walls6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 is extremely challenging owing to the inter-valley scattering inevitably induced by atomic-scale imperfections--but an electronic signature was recently observed in bilayer graphene12, 13. Here, we report the experimental observation of topological valley transport of sound in sonic crystals. The macroscopic nature of sonic crystals permits a flexible and accurate design of domain walls. In addition to a direct visualization of the valley-selective edge modes through spatial scanning of the sound field, reflection immunity is observed in sharply curved interfaces. The topologically protected interface transport of sound, strikingly different from that in traditional sound waveguides14, 15, may serve as the basis for designing devices with unconventional functions.
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Reflection and refraction of waves occur at the interface between two different media. These two fundamental interfacial wave phenomena form the basis of fabricating various wave components, such as ...optical lenses. Classical refraction-now referred to as positive refraction-causes the transmitted wave to appear on the opposite side of the interface normal compared to the incident wave. By contrast, negative refraction results in the transmitted wave emerging on the same side of the interface normal. It has been observed in artificial materials
, following its theoretical prediction
, and has stimulated many applications including super-resolution imaging
. In general, reflection is inevitable during the refraction process, but this is often undesirable in designing wave functional devices. Here we report negative refraction of topological surface waves hosted by a Weyl phononic crystal-an acoustic analogue of the recently discovered Weyl semimetals
. The interfaces at which this topological negative refraction occurs are one-dimensional edges separating different facets of the crystal. By tailoring the surface terminations of the Weyl phononic crystal, constant-frequency contours of surface acoustic waves can be designed to produce negative refraction at certain interfaces, while positive refraction is realized at different interfaces within the same sample. In contrast to the more familiar behaviour of waves at interfaces, unwanted reflection can be prevented in our crystal, owing to the open nature of the constant-frequency contours, which is a hallmark of the topologically protected surface states in Weyl crystals
.
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Abstract Valley topological phononic crystals (PCs) have attracted wide attention due to the topological properties of their edge states. In general, valley interface states can exist in the ...interfaces that are constructed by opposite valley topological phases. Here we study the anti-scattering propagation properties of edge states in a single valley PC. We present that the edge states can exist in different boundary terminations with different band dispersions. The boundary transport behaviors of acoustic waves along the two designed PCs are demonstrated numerically. The results show that the chiral edge states are immune against additional scatterers that preserve the valley pseudospins, but the backscattering can happen when intervalley scattering is included. Nevertheless, the anti-scattering propagation in complex multiple-bend structures can be realized by the smooth transition between the edge states and the valley interface states. Similar to the designed frequency-selective device, more prospective applications can be anticipated in the manipulation of acoustic wave propagation.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) contribute to barrier immunity, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation at various anatomical sites throughout the body. How ILCs maintain their presence in lymphoid ...and peripheral tissues thus far has been unclear. We found that in the lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs of adult mice, ILCs are tissue-resident cells that were maintained and expanded locally under physiologic conditions, upon systemic perturbation of immune homeostasis and during acute helminth infection. However, at later time points after infection, cells from hematogenous sources helped to partially replenish the pool of resident ILCs. Thus, ILCs are maintained by self-renewal in broadly different microenvironments and physiological settings. Such an extreme "sedentary" lifestyle is consistent with the proposed roles of ILCs as sentinels and local keepers of tissue function.
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In causal physics, the causal Green’s function describes the radiation of a point source. Its counterpart, the anti-causal Green’s function, depicts a spherically converging wave. However, in free ...space, any converging wave must be followed by a diverging one. Their interference gives rise to the diffraction limit that constrains the smallest possible dimension of a wave’s focal spot in free space, which is half the wavelength. Here, we show with three-dimensional acoustic experiments that we can realize a stand-alone anti-causal Green’s function in a large portion of space up to a subwavelength distance from the focus point by introducing a near-perfect absorber for spherical waves at the focus. We build this subwavelength absorber based on membrane-type acoustic metamaterial, and experimentally demonstrate focusing of spherical waves beyond the diffraction limit.
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Exploring new topological phases and phenomena has become a vital topic in condensed matter physics and materials sciences. Recent studies reveal that a braided colliding nodal pair can be stabilized ...in a multi-gap system with Formula: see text or Formula: see text symmetry. This exemplifies non-abelian topological charges beyond the scope of conventional single-gap abelian band topology. Here, we construct ideal acoustic metamaterials to realize non-abelian braiding with the fewest band nodes. By emulating the time with a sequence of acoustic samples, we experimentally observe an elegant but nontrivial nodal braiding process, including nodes creation, braiding, collision, and repulsion (i.e., impossible to annihilate), and measure the mirror eigenvalues to elucidate the braiding consequence. The latter, at the level of wavefunctions, is of prime importance since essentially braiding physics aims to entangle multi-band wavefunctions. Furthermore, we experimentally unveil the highly intricate correlation between the multi-gap edge responses and the bulk non-abelian charges. Our findings pave the way for developing non-abelian topological physics that is still in its infancy.
In Internet of Vehicles (IoV), frequent link switching and channel interference will increase transmission delay and decrease network throughput. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can avoid shadowing ...effect and provide line-of-sight communication to enhance IoV performance, which can help reduce communication handovers. This study introduces UAVs to assist ground vehicular network for collaborative communication and focuses on relay selection to achieve effective data dissemination. The relay selection problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem related to link transmission rate, communication handovers, and node transmit power. To solve the problem, we propose an interference-aware relay selection mechanism, which is a distributed strategy to make decisions at the sender. The mechanism applies the dual decomposition method to decompose the problem into two convex optimization subproblems. The first subproblem jointly optimizes communication handovers and link transmission rate while the second subproblem optimizes node transmit power under the premise of ensuring link reliability. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed relay selection mechanism in terms of data delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and network throughput.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that display features of adaptive immunity during viral infection. Biallelic mutations in IRF8 have been reported to cause familial NK cell deficiency ...and susceptibility to severe viral infection in humans; however, the precise role of this transcription factor in regulating NK cell function remains unknown. Here, we show that cell-intrinsic IRF8 was required for NK-cell-mediated protection against mouse cytomegalovirus infection. During viral exposure, NK cells upregulated IRF8 through interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling and the transcription factor STAT4, which promoted epigenetic remodeling of the Irf8 locus. Moreover, IRF8 facilitated the proliferative burst of virus-specific NK cells by promoting expression of cell-cycle genes and directly controlling Zbtb32, a master regulator of virus-driven NK cell proliferation. These findings identify the function and cell-type-specific regulation of IRF8 in NK-cell-mediated antiviral immunity and provide a mechanistic understanding of viral susceptibility in patients with IRF8 mutations.
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•IRF8 is required for NK-cell-mediated protection against MCMV•Rapid NK cell upregulation of IRF8 during MCMV infection is STAT4 dependent•IRF8 is essential for MCMV-specific NK cell expansion•IRF8 supports NK cell proliferation by directly regulating Zbtb32
The link between human IRF8 mutations and immunodeficiency is poorly understood. Adams et al. demonstrate that IRF8 is required for NK-cell-mediated antiviral immunity by promoting proliferation of virus-specific NK cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have many variants for graph representation learning. Several works introduce PageRank into GNNs to improve its neighborhood aggregation capabilities. However, these ...methods leverage the general PageRank to perform complex neighborhood aggregation to obtain the final feature representation, which leads to high computational cost and oversmoothing. In this paper, we propose simple hierarchical PageRank graph neural networks (SHP-GNNs), which first utilize the simple PageRank to aggregate different neighborhood ranges of each node and then leverage a jumping architecture to combine these aggregated features to enable hierarchical structure-aware representation. In this case, first, the simple PageRank turns the neighborhood aggregation process to no-learning, thereby reducing the computational complexity of the model. Then, the jumping structure combines the aggregation features of each node’s different hierarchy (neighborhood range) to learn more informative feature representation. Finally, the successful combination of the above methods alleviates the oversmoothing problem of deep GNNs. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that SHP-GNNs achieve or match state-of-the-art results in node classification tasks, text classification tasks, and community prediction tasks. Moreover, since SHP-GNNs’ neighborhood aggregation is a no-learning process, SHP-GNNs are more suitable for node clustering tasks.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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