Synergistic therapy for malignant tumors has been developed in the past. However, several disadvantages that are associated with the applied inorganic nanoagents cannot be avoided, including ...intrinsic systemic toxicity, immunosuppression, and low therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a biocompatible, multifunctional, inorganic nanoagent that simultaneously integrates chemodynamic, starvation, and photothermal therapies is developed. This nanoagent effectively converts endogenous H2O2 into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Self‐reinforced cancer therapy is achieved via the scavenging of intracellular glutathione and glucose. The encapsulation of nanoagent by erythrocytes drastically reduces its immune recognition by macrophages. Thus, an augmented anti‐tumor immune response is realized. Moreover, in contrast to traditional inorganic chemodynamic nanomaterials, the nanoagent has outstanding photothermal efficiency. Therefore, the present system exhibits an effective tumor therapeutic outcome. This work may facilitate a new pathway for the development of highly efficacious synergetic therapies.
A type of multifunctional nanoagents with outstanding photothermal effects and superb chemodynamic performance is developed. In this system, the encapsulation of nanoagents by erythrocytes drastically reduces its immune recognition by macrophages. The augmented anti‐tumor immune response further promotes the effective therapy of deep‐tissue cancers.
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Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancer and may occur at any site and express melanocytes. Due to malignant melanoma's invasion and migration nature, conventional therapies make it ...challenging to remove the whole tumor tissue while undertaking the high risks of tumor recurrence. Regarding the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy, drug resistance and low immunotherapeutic activity remain significant challenges. It is thus becoming urgently important to develop alternative strategies for melanoma therapy. Herein, a novel bifunctional protein‐based photothermal bioplaster (PPTB) is developed for non‐invasive tumor therapy and skin tissue regeneration. The complexation of adhesive protein and gold nanorods (GNRs) endow the obtained PPTB with good biocompatibility, controllable near‐infrared (NIR) light‐mediated adhesion performance, and high photothermal performance. Therefore, the PPTB bioagent facilitates skin adhesion and effectively transfers heat from skin to tumor. This behavior endows PPTB capability to eradicate skin tumors conveniently. Thus, the assembly strategy enables this hybrid bioplaster to hold great potential for skin‐related tumor treatment.
A new type of engineered protein−Au bioplaster with outstanding photothermal effect is developed. In this system, the adhesion performance can be enhanced significantly as prolonging irradiation time to achieve stable adhesion on skin surface. This further promotes the heat penetration into the skin tumor site for non‐invasive thermal eradication of melanoma.
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Gait and balance have emerged as a critical area of research in health technology. Gait and balance studies have been affected by the researchers' slow follow-up of research advances due to the ...absence of visual inspection of the study literature across decades. This study uses advanced search methods to analyse the literature on gait and balance in older adults from 1993 to 2022 in the Web of Science (WoS) database to gain a better understanding of the current status and trends in the field for the first time. The study analysed 4484 academic publications including journal articles and conference proceedings on gait and balance in older adults. Bibliometric analysis methods were applied to examine the publication year, number of publications, discipline distribution, journal distribution, research institutions, application fields, test methods, analysis theories, and influencing factors in the field of gait and balance. The results indicate that the publication of relevant research documents has been steadily increasing from 1993 to 2022. The United States (US) exhibits the highest number of publications with 1742 articles. The keyword "elderly person" exhibits a strong citation burst strength of 18.04, indicating a significant focus on research related to the health of older adults. With a burst factor of 20.46, Harvard University has made impressive strides in the subject. The University of Pittsburgh displayed high research skills in the area of gait and balance with a burst factor of 7.7 and a publication count of 103. The research on gait and balance mainly focuses on physical performance evaluation approaches, and the primary study methods include experimental investigations, computational modelling, and observational studies. The field of gait and balance research is increasingly intertwined with computer science and artificial intelligence (AI), paving the way for intelligent monitoring of gait and balance in the elderly. Moving forward, the future of gait and balance research is anticipated to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, intelligence-driven approaches, and advanced visualization techniques.
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Learning to re-identify or retrieve a group of people across non-overlapped camera systems has important applications in video surveillance. However, most existing methods focus on (single) person ...re-identification (re-id), ignoring the fact that people often walk in groups in real scenarios. In this work, we take a step further and consider employing context information for identifying groups of people, i.e., group re-id. On the one hand, group re-id is more challenging than single person re-id, since it requires both a robust modeling of local individual person appearance (with different illumination conditions, pose/viewpoint variations, and occlusions), as well as full awareness of global group structures (with group layout and group member variations). On the other hand, we believe that person re-id can be greatly enhanced by incorporating additional visual context from neighboring group members, a task which we formulate as group-aware (single) person re-id. In this paper, we propose a novel unified framework based on graph neural networks to simultaneously address the above two group-based re-id tasks, i.e., group re-id and group-aware person re-id. Specifically, we construct a context graph with group members as its nodes to exploit dependencies among different people. A multi-level attention mechanism is developed to formulate both intra-group and inter-group context, with an additional self-attention module for robust graph-level representations by attentively aggregating node-level features. The proposed model can be directly generalized to tackle group-aware person re-id using node-level representations. Meanwhile, to facilitate the deployment of deep learning models on these tasks, we build a new group re-id dataset which contains more than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.8K</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="qin-ieq1-3032542.gif"/> </inline-formula> images with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.5K</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="qin-ieq2-3032542.gif"/> </inline-formula> annotated groups, an order of magnitude larger than existing group re-id datasets. Extensive experiments on the novel dataset as well as three existing datasets clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for both group-based re-id tasks.
The WRKY transcription factor superfamily is known to participate in plant growth and stress response. However, the role of this family in wheat (
L.) is largely unknown. Here, a salt-induced gene
...was identified in an RNA-Seq data set from salt-treated wheat. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that
was significantly induced in NaCl-treated wheat and reached an expression level of about 22-fold of the untreated wheat. Then, a further functional identification was performed in both
and
L. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that TaWRKY13 is a nuclear-localized protein. Moreover, various stress-related regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter. Expression pattern analysis revealed that
can also be induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and cold stress. After NaCl treatment, overexpressed
lines of
have a longer root and a larger root surface area than the control (Columbia-0). Furthermore,
overexpression rice lines exhibited salt tolerance compared with the control, as evidenced by increased proline (Pro) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under salt treatment. The roots of overexpression lines were also more developed. These results demonstrate that
plays a positive role in salt stress.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (
) gene, which encodes ...the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to glucose and ceramide, are the most important and common genetic PD risk factors discovered to date. Homozygous
mutations result in the most common lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher's disease (GD), which is classified according to the presence (neuronopathic types, type 2 and 3 GD) or absence (non-neuronopathic type, type 1 GD) of neurological symptoms. The clinical manifestations of PD in patients with
mutations are indistinguishable from those of sporadic PD at the individual level. However, accumulating data have indicated that
-associated PD patients exhibit a younger age of onset and a greater risk for cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk of developing PD in
mutant carriers are currently unclear. Contributors to
-PD pathogenesis may include mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, altered lipid homeostasis and enhanced α-synuclein aggregation. Therapeutic strategies for PD and GD targeting mutant GCase mainly include enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, gene and pharmacological small-molecule chaperones. Emerging clinical, genetic and pathogenic studies on
mutations and PD are making significant contributions to our understanding of PD-associated pathogenetic pathways, and further elucidating the interactions between GCase activity and neurodegeneration may improve therapeutic approaches for slowing PD progression.
As a characteristic trait of most tumor types, metastasis is the major cause of the death of patients. In this study, a photothermal agent based on gold nanorod is coated with metal (Gd3+)‐organic ...(polyphenol) network to realize combination therapy for metastatic tumors. This nanotheranostic system significantly enhances antitumor therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo with the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy, also can remarkably prevent the invasion and metastasis due to the presence of polyphenol. After the treatment, an 81% decrease in primary tumor volumes and a 58% decrease in lung metastasis are observed. In addition, the good performance in magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and photothermal imaging of the nanotheranostic system can realize image‐guided therapy. The multifunctional nanotheranostic system will find a great potential in diagnosis and treatment integration in tumor treatments, and broaden the applications of PTT treatment.
A metal–polyphenol network coated nanotheranostic system for metastatic tumor treatments is developed. The theranostic system can inhibit primary tumor and suppress tumor metastasis effectively with combined photothermal and chemotherapy and the release of polyphenol. Moreover, the system shows superior imaging capability in computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Abstract
Maternal mRNA clearance is an essential process that occurs during maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). However, the dynamics, functional importance, and pathological relevance of maternal ...mRNA decay in human preimplantation embryos have not yet been analyzed. Here we report the zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-dependent and -independent maternal mRNA clearance processes during human MZT and demonstrate that subgroups of human maternal transcripts are sequentially removed by maternal (M)- and zygotic (Z)-decay pathways before and after ZGA. Key factors regulating M-decay and Z-decay pathways in mouse have similar expression pattern during human MZT, suggesting that YAP1-TEAD4 transcription activators, TUT4/7-mediated mRNA 3ʹ-oligouridylation, and BTG4/CCR4-NOT-induced mRNA deadenylation may also be involved in the regulation of human maternal mRNA stability. Decreased expression of these factors and abnormal accumulation of maternal transcripts are observed in the development-arrested embryos of patients who seek assisted reproduction. Defects of M-decay and Z-decay are detected with high incidence in embryos that are arrested at the zygote and 8-cell stages, respectively. In addition, M-decay is not found to be affected by maternal
TUBB8
mutations, although these mutations cause meiotic cell division defects and zygotic arrest, which indicates that mRNA decay is regulated independent of meiotic spindle assembly. Considering the correlations between maternal mRNA decay defects and early developmental arrest of in vitro fertilized human embryos, M-decay and Z-decay pathway activities may contribute to the developmental potential of human preimplantation embryos.
Programmable base pair interactions at the nanoscale make DNA an attractive scaffold for forming hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanostructures. However, engineering macroscale HAP mineralization guided by DNA ...molecules remains challenging. To overcome this issue, a facile strategy is developed for the fabrication of ultrastiff DNA–HAP bulk composites. The electrostatic complexation of DNA and a surfactant with a quaternary ammonium salt group enables the formation of long‐range ordered scaffolds using electrospinning. The growth of 1D and 2D HAP minerals is thus realized by this DNA template at a macroscale. Remarkably, the as‐prepared DNA–HAP composites exhibit an ultrahigh Young's modulus of ≈25 GPa, which is comparable to natural HAP and superior to most artificial mineralized composites. Furthermore, a new type of dental inlay with outstanding antibacterial properties is developed using the stiff DNA–HAP. The encapsulated quaternary ammonium group within the dense HAP endows the composite with long‐lasting and local antibacterial activity. Therefore, this new type of super‐stiff biomaterial holds great potential for oral prosthetic applications.
Ultrastiff DNA–hydroxyapatite bulk composites are fabricated by in situ mineralization in a long‐range ordered DNA scaffold. The as‐prepared composites exhibit an ultrahigh Young's modulus and a long‐lasting and local antibacterial behavior. A new type of artificial dental inlay with outstanding antibacterial ability is thus developed for dental restoration applications.
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Multitudinous industrial products in daily life put human health at risk of heavy metal exposure, and natural bacteria have displayed superior performance in bioadsorption and biodegradation of heavy ...metal. In this study, a bacteria‐based bioreactor is developed to precisely bioadsorb lead (Pb) ions, eliminate concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS), and remit the injury of acute/chronic Pb poisoning. A nonpathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli MG1655 (Bac) is decorated with antioxidative cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ceria) on the surface through a bio‐orthogonal reaction, and the complex bioreactor could spontaneously aggregate in organs with high concentration of Pb. Furthermore, the excess Pb is bioadsorbed by bacteria and the concomitant ROS is eliminated by Ceria nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this integral biotic/abiotic hybrid bioreactor successfully realizes detoxication of Pb and reparation of injury, also accompanied with inappreciable side effects.
A bio‐orthogonal bioreactor consisting of bacteria and Ceria is reported for heavy metal detoxication and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination. It is found that this bioreactor can achieve effective lead poisoning remission, and simultaneously eliminate excess ROS which continues to damage the body.
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