Human epithelial cells have been widely used to study the interaction between intestinal cells and pathogens,
. In this study, the effect of probiotic bacteria
and its supernatant on the growth ...inhibition, cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis caused by
Typhimurium and its adhesion to HT-29 cells were investigated.
supernatant was used to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration. To evaluate the cytotoxicity and percent of apoptotic cells,
and its supernatant (2, 4, 6 and 8% concentrations) with
Typhimurium was added to HT-29 cells. The MTT assay was used in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Percent of apoptotic cells was reported using a fluorescence staining method. Additionally, the adhesion of
Typhimurium to HT-29 cells was investigated. The effect of
on the level of adhesion was also studied.
The most inhibitory effect was shown at the concentration of 80000 μg/ml supernatant of
(54.77% ± 1.43). The simultaneous culture of
Typhimurium with
had the lowest amount of cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis among the all co-culture groups of
Typhimurium with
or its supernatant. The determined cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis were 26.06 % ± 3.79 and 17.63 % ± 2.14 respectively. In the adhesion test, it was observed that
can significantly prevent adhesion of
Typhimurium to HT-29 cell.
can reduce the adhesion, cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis caused by
Typhimurium in HT-29 cells
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Food poisoning caused by bacteria is one of the most important concerns in food hygiene. The use of probiotics in prevention, control, and treatment of these infections has been considerably ...increased in recent years. This study evaluated the effect of B. coagulans cell free supernatant (CFS) on growth of Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by the broth dilution method. The cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induced by pathogens alone and in co-culture with B. coagulans or its CFS were measured by trypan blue, and fluorescence staining methods. The expression level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) cytokine-encoding genes was also investigated by a qRT-PCR assay in all pathogens and co-cultured groups in HT-29 cells. Our results showed that 4% B. coagulans CFS reduced pathogen growth. The highest rate of growth inhibition was observed in L. monocytogenes. We also found that B. coagulans, and its 4% CFS reduced the cytotoxic effects of pathogens, with the exception of S. aureus. Non-pathogenic E. coli also had no significant cytotoxic effect on the cells. Examination of the treated cells with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed reductions in the rate of cell damage (including early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis) in pathogen-probiotic co-cultures. Furthermore, we showed that co-culture of pathogens with B. coagulans significantly down-regulated IL-8 gene expression (P < 0.05). The greatest down-regulation compared with pathogen alone was observed in S. aureus. Hence, B. coagulans can be considered as an appropriate probiotic to diminish cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response of enteropathogenic bacteria.
•4% B. coagulans cell free supernatant (CFS) reduced pathogen growth.•B. coagulans, and its 4% CFS reduced the cytotoxic effects of pathogens.•Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed reductions in rate of cell damage.•Co-culture of pathogens with B. coagulans down-regulated IL-8 gene expression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Around the world, Clostridium perfringens type A is known to be a common foodborne pathogen. Therefore, the control and treatment of food poisoning caused by this pathogen are important. This study ...investigated, in vitro, the effects of Bacillus coagulans and its culture extracts on alpha toxin gene expression, growth inhibition, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induced by C. perfringens spore, germinated spore and its enterotoxin. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis rate, and MTT test was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentration was also used to measure the percentage of inhibition in the broth medium. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to evaluate alpha toxin gene expression. The results showed that the B. coagulans culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of the germinated spore of C. perfringens. Moreover, treating the extract with pepsin can reduce growth in the broth medium. MTT and flow cytometry showed that both B. coagulans and its extract can significantly reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate induced by C. perfringens type A. In addition, it was shown that the co-culture of B. coagulans and C. perfringens decreases alpha toxin gene expression.
The findings of this study indicate that B. coagulans, with growth inhibition and reduced expression of alpha toxin in C. perfringens, can reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate induced on HT-29 cells.
•Clostridium perfringens type A is an important foodborne pathogen in human.•Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacteria that can improve health in consumer.•B. coagulans can reduce growth of C. perfringens in broth medium.•B. coagulans can reduce cytotoxicity and Apoptosis rate on HT-29 cells.•Decreasing pH of medium affected by B. coagulans can influence C. perfringens alpha toxin gene expression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Previous genetic and epidemiological studies have shown the contribution of genetic factors in conferring the risk of ischemic stroke. Among the acknowledged risk factors of stroke are the single ...nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near
Ninjurin 2
(
NINJ2
) gene which encodes a surface adhesion protein. In the current study, we investigated the role of two SNPs near this gene in ischemic stroke in Iranian population. The frequency of the A allele of the rs11833579 was significantly lower in cases compared with controls (OR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.54–0.86), adjusted
P
value = 0.002). The rs11833579 was significantly associated with risk of stroke in co-dominant (AA vs. GG: OR (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.23–0.66), adjusted
P
value = 0.003) and recessive (OR (95% CI) = 0.44 (0.27–0.72), adjusted
P
value = 0.001) models. The rs3809263 was associated with risk of stroke in dominant model (OR (95% CI) = 1.5 (1.09–2.06), adjusted
P
value = 0.02). The A C haplotype (rs11833579 and rs3809263) decreased the risk of stroke (OR (95% CI) = 0.72 (0.57–0.91), adjusted
P
value = 0.03), while the G T haplotype conferred susceptibility to stroke (OR (95% CI) = 1.42 (1.11–1.82), adjusted
P
value = 0.02). Consequently, the present case-control study supports the role of
NINJ2
as a risk locus for ischemic stroke in Iranian population.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aims
The aim of this study was to assess a phage‐displayed MilA protein of Myc. bovis in an indirect ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples.
Methods and Results
The desired ...sequence of milA gene was synthesized and cloned into pCANTAB‐F12 phagemid vector. The expression of the MilA on the phage surface was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant phage was used in the development of an indirect ELISA to detect Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. There was a significant agreement between the results of phage‐based ELISA and recombinant GST‐MilA ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples.
Conclusions
The inexpensive and convenient phage‐based ELISA can be used instead of recombinant protein/peptide ELISA as an initial screening of Myc. bovis‐associated mastitis.
Significance and Impact of Study
Mastitis associated with Myc. bovis is a continuous and serious problem in the dairy industry. Sero‐monitoring of Myc. bovis infection cases are one of the key factors for surveillance of the infections in dairy farms. Despite the existence of some commercially serological assays for Myc. bovis antibodies, they have some limitations regarding their sensitivity and availability. The development of accurate diagnosis tools could contribute to control programmes of Myc. bovis‐associated mastitis in the dairy herds.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was assessing a phage displayed MilA protein of Mycoplasma bovis in an indirect ELISA for the detection of M. bovis antibodies in milk samples.
The desired sequence of milA gene ...was synthesized and cloned into pCANTAB-F12 phagemid vector. The expression of the MilA on the phage surface was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant phage was used in the development of an indirect ELISA to detect M. bovis antibodies in milk samples. There was a significant agreement between the results of phage-based ELISA and recombinant GST-MilA ELISA for detection of M. bovis antibodies in milk samples.
The inexpensive and convenient phage-based ELISA can be used instead of recombinant protein/peptide ELISA as an initial screening of M. bovis-associated mastitis.
Mastitis associated with M. bovis is a continuous and serious problem in the dairy industry. Sero-monitoring of M. bovis infections cases is one of the key factors for surveillance of the infections in dairy farms. Despite the existence of some commercially serological assays for M. bovis antibodies, they have some limitations regarding their sensitivity and availability. The development of an accurate diagnosis tools could contribute to control programs of M. bovis-associated mastitis in the dairy herds.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•The modified carbon dots with branched polyethylene imine was prepared.•Some cu compounds immobilized on modified carbon dots.•The prepared heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by means of ...XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS.•The prepared compounds were used as heterogeneous catalysts for homocoupling reactions.•The DFT studies and experimental results are consistent with each other.
Carbon dots (CDs) modified with branched polyethylene imine was prepared at 200ºC and designated as BPEI-CDs followed by complexation with CuI, CuBr, CuCl, CuBr2, CuCl2, Cu(bpy)2I, Cu(bpy)2Cl, Cu(bpy)2Cl2, Cu(en)2I, Cu(en)2Cl and Cu(en)2Cl2. After characterization of the prepared heterogeneous compounds by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS, they were tested as catalysts for the oxidative homo-coupling of phenylacetylene, 4‑tert-butylphenylacetylene, 1-ethynyl-4-flourobenzene and 1- pent‑1-yn-3ol. It was found that Cu (I) I and Cu (I) bipyridene show conversion yields of 67–100% with excellent selectivities (95–100). The catalysts were also recovered and used for four runs without significant decrease in catalytic activities. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) studies on activity of substrates, 1-ethynyl-4-flourobenzene was found to show the most activity, consistent with those reported in experimental results.
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UiO-66(Zr)-V as metal organic framework was prepared by metalation of the UiO-66(Zr) nodes with VCl3. The characterization of the prepared catalyst was carried out using XRD, EDX, FT IR, BET, ICP, ...Raman, DRS, SEM and XPS techniques. The density functional theory (DFT) was used in order to find the most stable position of the vanadium of metallated UiO-66(Zr). It was found that UiO-66(Zr)-V has been generated via metalation of V(V) ions with two OH groups of Zr-based nodes. The XPS results confirmed DFT studies. The catalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr)-V for epoxidation of some allyl alcohols such as trans-2-hexene-1-ol, geraniol, 1-octene-3-ol and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol with 46–97% conversions and 100% selectivity is considerable.
The metal organic framework UiO-66(Zr)-V was prepared by metalation of the UiO-66(Zr) nodes with VCl3. Utilization the density functional theory (DFT) was used in order to find the most stable position of the vanadium of metallated UiO-66(Zr). It was found that UiO-66(Zr)-V has been generated via metalation of V(V) ions with two OH groups of Zr-based nodes. The catalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr)-V on the epoxidation of allyl alcohol is considerable. Display omitted
•UiO-66(Zr)-V was prepared by metalation of the UiO-66(Zr) nodes with VCl3.•Utilization of DFT was used in order to find the most stable position of the vanadium of metallated UiO-66(Zr).•The catalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr)-V on the epoxidation of allyl alcohols is considerable.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article investigates the effect of adding HMIMBF
4
(HM) to remove high amount of Cd
2+
ions. Magnetic carbon nanotube (mCNT) was used as the main part of the adsorbent, and a Schiff base kind of
...N
,
N
′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (ES) was applied to increase the selectivity of the method toward Cd
2+
ions. X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier-transform spectra, scanning electron microscopy pictures and alternative gradient force magnetometry characterize and confirm the interaction among the components, the presence of the materials, successful modification procedure and enough magnetic property. To better compare the adsorption applicability of HM, ES-mCNT and ES-HM-mCNT, the preconcentration condition was optimized for each adsorbent by the Plackett–Burman Design method. The swelling property confirms more affinity of ES-HM-mCNT toward Cd
2+
ions, because it improved the dispersibility of the adsorbent into the sample solution. The reusability was 18 and 11 times for ES-mCNT and ES-HM-mCNT, respectively. Both adsorbents were durable for 60 days. Both systems follow the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and the Pseudo-Second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic adsorption investigation shows that the adsorption in both systems is endothermic and spontaneous.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•The VO(His)2 complex was prepared via reaction of histidine (His) and VOSO4 .•The most stable binding model of histidine in complex was calculated using DFT method.•The prepared complex was ...subsequently immobilized within UiO-66-NH2.•The epoxidation of some allyl alcahols with immobilized complex is promising
The VO(His)2HSO4.H2O complex designated as VO(His)2 complex was prepared via reaction of histidine (His) with VOSO4. The most stable binding models of histidine in VO(His)2 complex was calculated with density functional theory (DFT). The VO(His)2complex was subsequently immobilized within UiO-66-NH2, and designated as VO(His)2complex@UiO-66-NH2. The prepared VO(His)2complex@UiO-66-NH2 was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD, NMR, MS, EDX, TGA, BET and XPS techniques. The prepared complex compound was used as catalyst for epoxidation of some allyl alcohols. The high catalytic activity of VO(His)2complex@UiO-66-NH2 in the epoxidation of geraniol with 94% conversion, 100% selectivity and TOF of 1093 h−1 is promising.
The VO(His)2HSO4.H2O complex designated as VO(His)2complex was prepared via reaction of histidine (His) with VOSO4. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations was then implemented on the most stable binding models of histidine in VO(His)2complex in order to identify the most stable conformation of it. The VO(His)2complex was subsequently immobilized within UiO-66-NH2, The prepared VO (His)2complex@UiO-66-NH2 was characterized and utilized as catalyst for the epoxidation of several allyl alcohols. The high catalytic activity and selectivity is promising.
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