Interest in the biodegradation of microplastics is due to their ubiquitous distribution, availability, high persistence in the environment and deleterious impact on marine biota. The present study ...evaluates the growth response and mechanism of polypropylene (PP) degradation by Bacillus sp. strain 27 and Rhodococcus sp. strain 36 isolated from mangrove sediments upon exposure to PP microplastics. Both bacteria strains were able to utilise PP microplastic for growth as confirmed by the reduction of the polymer mass. The weight loss was 6.4% by Rhodococcus sp. strain 36 and 4.0% by Bacillus sp. strain 27 after 40days of incubation. PP biodegradation was further confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, which revealed structural and morphological changes in the PP microplastics with microbial treatment. These analyses showed that the isolates can colonise, modify and utilise PP microplastics as carbon source.
•The potential of Rhodococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. in the biodegradation of polypropylene microplastic was evaluated.•The mechanism of degradation and kinetics of growth of the bacteria isolates in microplastic-infused media were evaluated.•SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed biodegradation•The results highlight the potential of the isolates as possible tools for PP microplastic degradation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The presence of microplastics in the marine environment poses a great threat to the entire ecosystem and has received much attention lately as the presence has greatly impacted oceans, lakes, seas, ...rivers, coastal areas and even the Polar Regions. Microplastics are found in most commonly utilized products (primary microplastics), or may originate from the fragmentation of larger plastic debris (secondary microplastics). The material enters the marine environment through terrestrial and land-based activities, especially via runoffs and is known to have great impact on marine organisms as studies have shown that large numbers of marine organisms have been affected by microplastics. Microplastic particles have been found distributed in large numbers in Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, India, South Africa, North America, and in Europe. This review describes the sources and global distribution of microplastics in the environment, the fate and impact on marine biota, especially the food chain. Furthermore, the control measures discussed are those mapped out by both national and international environmental organizations for combating the impact from microplastics. Identifying the main sources of microplastic pollution in the environment and creating awareness through education at the public, private, and government sectors will go a long way in reducing the entry of microplastics into the environment. Also, knowing the associated behavioral mechanisms will enable better understanding of the impacts for the marine environment. However, a more promising and environmentally safe approach could be provided by exploiting the potentials of microorganisms, especially those of marine origin that can degrade microplastics.
The concentration, distribution sources and fate of microplastics in the global marine environment were discussed, so also was the impact of microplastics on a wide range of marine biota.
•The concentrations and distribution of microplastics in oceans around the world were discussed.•The most important sources and fate of microplastics are discussed.•Microplastics have been ingested by a wide range of marine biota from invertebrates to vertebrates.•Microplastics have been found distributed in ice and in sea salt.•We proposed possible solutions/remediation measures that can be adopted to solve the menace of microplastic pollution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The purpose of this study was to increase student activity in Biology lessons. Based on research and data processing, it was found that the use of the Trihybrid Genetic Crosses card (three different ...traits) as a Biology learning medium, can improve the learning outcomes of class XII students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai in the 2019/2020 school year in Biology lessons on Trihybrid Genetic Crosses (three different traits). ), this can be seen from the calculation of the correlation value in the first cycle between the pre-test to the first daily test of 0.827 with a t-test value of 8.333, and the second cycle between the post-test to the second daily test of 0.943 with a t-test value of 16.075. The use of the Trihybrid Genetic Cross card (three different traits) as a Biology learning medium, can increase the activity of class XII students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai in the 2019/2020 school year in Biology lessons on Trihybrid Genetic Crosses (three different traits), this can be seen from the presence students during classroom action research (CAR), from 90% of the first cycle increased to 95% and 100% of the second cycle. Key words : Trihybrid Genetic Cross Card as Biology Learning Media, Learning Outcomes, Activities
n the general community, the direction of the Qibla by referring to the west is believed by Indonesian Muslims because the Indonesian people in general assume that Indonesia is located east of Mecca, ...even though it is actually to the southeast, so the problem is the number of mosques whose direction is inappropriate or not accurately facing the Ka'bah. This led to the need for a major overhaul to improve the Qibla direction even the government intervened with the emergence of MUI No.5 fatwa in 2010 concerning Qibla direction correction. In general society, there are several methods known in determining Qibla direction, namely by using a compass, shadow of the qibla (sunlight) and sun azimuth (theodolite device). Seeing this, the measurement of the Qibla direction accurately must be done correctly and be extra careful. And it becomes necessary that the calculation of the Qibla direction from a place that is far from the center of the Qibla (ka'bah) is formulated to maximize and possibly close the actual direction. This is because, in calculating the Qibla direction there is a difference of only a few degrees, it will result in deviating the direction of the Qibla from the actual direction in the other direction. So, talking about the accuracy and validity of the Qibla direction that needs to be explored is how the measurement is carried out.
The widespread occurrence of microplastic has invaded the environment to an extent that it appears to be present throughout the globe. This review investigated the global abundance and distribution ...of microplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, the issues and challenges have been addressed for better findings in microplastics studies. Findings revealed that the accumulation of microplastics varies geographically, with locations, hydrodynamic conditions, environmental pressure, and time. From this review, it is crucial that proper regulations are proposed and implemented in order to reduce the occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Without appropriate law and regulations, microplastic pollution will eventually threaten human livelihood.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The continuous accumulation of microplastics in the environment poses ecological threats and has been an increasing problem worldwide. In this study, eight bacterial strains were isolated from ...mangrove sediment in Peninsular Malaysia to mitigate the environmental impact of microplastics and develop a clean-up option. The bacterial isolates were screened for their potential to degrade UV-treated microplastics from polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Only two isolates, namely, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus gottheilii, grew on a synthetic medium containing different microplastic polymers as the sole carbon source. A shake flask experiment was carried out to further evaluate the biodegradability potential of the isolates. Degradation was monitored by recording the weight loss of microplastics and the growth pattern of the isolates in the mineral medium. The biodegradation extent was validated by assessment of the morphological and structural changes through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The calculated weight loss percentages of the microplastic particles by B. cereus after 40 days were 1.6%, 6.6%, and 7.4% for PE, PET, and PS, respectively. B. gottheilii recorded weight loss percentages of 6.2%, 3.0%, 3.6%, and 5.8% for PE, PET, PP, and PS, respectively. The designated isolates degraded the microplastic material and exhibited potential for remediation of microplastic-contaminated environment. Biodegradation tests must be conducted to characterize the varied responses of microbes toward pollutants, such as microplastics. Hence, a novel approach for biodegradation of microplastics must be developed to help mitigate the environmental impact of plastics and microplastic polymers.
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•Evaluated Bacillus cereus and Bacillus gottheilii in the biodegradation of different microplastics was evaluated.•The isolates utilized the different microplastics for growth as evidenced by SEM and FTIR analysis.•The results highlight the potential of B. cereus and B. gottheilii as possible tools for microplastic remediation.
Bacterial species screened from mangrove sediments are potential degraders of microplastics. The potential microplastic-degraders possess wide-spectrum effects on different microplastic types.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Learning readiness can be regarded as the initial condition in a learning activity which prepares the students to interact and give response to achieve the learning goals. This research was intended ...to describe and compare the learning readiness of the students living in boarding house.. This was a descriptive research which used quantitative approach.The result of data analysis revealed that the learning readiness of the students living in boarding house was in good category. It was implied that the results of this research could be taken into account by the guidance and counseling teachers for organizing the activities of guidance and counseling program in maintaining, developing and increasing the students readiness to learn. Keywords: Implication, Learning Readiness
In recent years User Experience (UX) has become something that must be implemented in making applications. Every application design practitioner has applied this discipline, but often they wonder how ...to simplify a user's journey flow by using applications and make it easier, faster, and simpler. This research aims to explain a method that can simplify the User Experience comprehensively. RESHOT is used (Refine the challenge, Remove, Shrink, Hide, Organize, Time). This method will make applications pay more attention to aspects that can increase user satisfaction. As a result, this study contributes to an explanation of simplifying the flow of uploading donor data files using the RESHOT method in the X blood donor data collection application. The results of streamlining the flow of uploading donor data files have been tested on five respondents and have a 100% user success rate in completing tasks with an average processing time of 14.5 seconds. In testing, there is a misclick rate of 10.7%. This is because the user wants to explore the designed application. And this is also a limitation of this study, namely not making the overall application design interaction.
Financial integration especially in Asian financial market has been a defining feature of the world economy and has become a central issue in international finance for the past decades. However, ...there is limited empirical studies on the integration of Asian bond market. Therefore, this study aims to examine the financial market integration in Asia (Stock and Bond Market). The sample of this study is the major of Asian financial markets including Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea during January 2009 – December 2016. Correlation, co-integration and causality tests used in this study to investigate the financial markets integrations. This study shows that both stock and bond returns are co-integrated and indicate as a common stochastic trends. Stock market integration appears to be much stronger compared to the less developed. This result is very important for investors to assess potential gains from portfolio diversification, and for a financial policymaker to manage market policies effectively and handle contagion risks that might be caused by international shock transmissions.
Sepanjang 2016-2019 MK telah mengeluarkan 60 putusan yang mengabulkan permohonan pengujian undang-undang yang terdiri atas putusan self executing dan non-self executing. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua ...permasalahan, bagaimana sifat putusan MK dalam rentang 2016-2019 dapat dikategorikan sebagai putusan yang self executing dan non-self executing? Serta bagaimanakah pelaksanaan Putusan MK yang bersifat self executing dan non-self executing dalam rentang 2016-2019? Penelitian yang dilakukan secara normatif ini menunjukkan sifat self executing terdapat dalam putusan legally null and void dan putusan inkonstitusional bersyarat. Sedangkan putusan MK yang bersifat non-self executing terdapat dalam putusan model penundaan pemberlakuan. Putusan MK dalam rentang 2016-2019 terdiri dari 57 putusan self executing dan 3 putusan non-self executing. Pemuatan putusan MK dalam Berita Negara dirasa cukup bagi pelaksanaan putusan self executing. Sedangkan, putusan non-self executing dilaksanakan melalui perubahan undang-undang yang diuji. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kekosongan hukum akibat pembatalan norma yang dilakukan oleh MK, sehingga MK dalam putusannya secara langsung meminta perubahan undang-undang yang diuji kepada pembentuk undang-undang dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Dari 3 putusan MK yang bersifat non-self executing tersebut, hanya putusan MK Nomor 22/PUU-XV/2017 yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pembentuk undang-undang dengan disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
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