Metal anode instability, including dendrite growth, metal corrosion, and hetero-ions interference, occurring at the electrolyte/electrode interface of aqueous batteries, are among the most critical ...issues hindering their widespread use in energy storage. Herein, a universal strategy is proposed to overcome the anode instability issues by rationally designing alloyed materials, using Zn-M alloys as model systems (M = Mn and other transition metals). An in-situ optical visualization coupled with finite element analysis is utilized to mimic actual electrochemical environments analogous to the actual aqueous batteries and analyze the complex electrochemical behaviors. The Zn-Mn alloy anodes achieved stability over thousands of cycles even under harsh electrochemical conditions, including testing in seawater-based aqueous electrolytes and using a high current density of 80 mA cm
. The proposed design strategy and the in-situ visualization protocol for the observation of dendrite growth set up a new milestone in developing durable electrodes for aqueous batteries and beyond.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries, in terms of integration with high safety, environmental benignity, and low cost, have attracted much attention for powering electronic devices and storage systems. ...However, the interface instability issues at the Zn anode caused by detrimental side reactions such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and metal corrosion at the solid (anode)/liquid (electrolyte) interface impede their practical applications in the fields requiring long-term performance persistence. Despite the rapid progress in suppressing the side reactions at the materials interface, the mechanism of ion storage and dendrite formation in practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries with dual-cation aqueous electrolytes is still unclear. Herein, we design an interface material consisting of forest-like three-dimensional zinc-copper alloy with engineered surfaces to explore the Zn plating/stripping mode in dual-cation electrolytes. The three-dimensional nanostructured surface of zinc-copper alloy is demonstrated to be in favor of effectively regulating the reaction kinetics of Zn plating/stripping processes. The developed interface materials suppress the dendrite growth on the anode surface towards high-performance persistent aqueous zinc-ion batteries in the aqueous electrolytes containing single and dual cations. This work remarkably enhances the fundamental understanding of dual-cation intercalation chemistry in aqueous electrochemical systems and provides a guide for exploring high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries and beyond.
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers ...regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis.
(
), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that
can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of
in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that
can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by
. It sorts out the interaction between
and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
Metabolism is one of the most complex cellular biochemical reactions, providing energy and substances for basic activities such as cell growth and proliferation. Early studies have shown that glucose ...is an important nutrient in osteoblasts. In addition, amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism also play important roles in bone reconstruction. Mammalian circadian clocks regulate the circadian cycles of various physiological functions. In vertebrates, circadian rhythms are mediated by a set of central clock genes: muscle and brain ARNT like-1 (Bmal1), muscle and brain ARNT like-2 (Bmal2), circadian rhythmic motion output cycle stagnates (Clock), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), cryptochrome2 (Cry2), period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), period 3 (Per3) and neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2). Negative feedback loops, controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, adjust these clock genes in a diurnal manner. According to the results of studies on circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, most rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are affected by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm regulates several activities, including energy metabolism, feeding time, sleeping, and endocrine and immune functions. It has been reported that the circadian rhythms of mammals are closely related to bone metabolism. In this review, we discuss the regulation of the circadian rhythm/circadian clock gene in osteoblasts/osteoclasts and the energy metabolism of bone, and the relationship between circadian rhythm, bone remodeling, and energy metabolism. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of regulating circadian rhythms or changing energy metabolism on bone development/bone regeneration.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The oral and maxillofacial organs play vital roles in chewing, maintaining facial beauty, and speaking. Almost all physiological processes display circadian rhythms that are driven by the circadian ...clock, allowing organisms to adapt to the changing environment. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the circadian clock system participates in oral and maxillofacial physiological and pathological processes, such as jaw and tooth development, salivary gland function, craniofacial malformations, oral carcinoma and other diseases. However, the roles of the circadian clock in oral science have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, This paper provides a systematic and integrated perspective on the function of the circadian clock in the fields of oral science, reviews recent advances in terms of the circadian clock in oral and maxillofacial development and disease, dialectically analyzes the importance of the circadian clock system and circadian rhythm to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues, and focuses on analyzing the mechanism of the circadian clock in the maintenance of oral health, affecting the common diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region and the process of oral-related systemic diseases, sums up the chronotherapy and preventive measures for oral-related diseases based on changes in tissue activity circadian rhythms, meanwhile, comes up with a new viewpoint to promote oral health and human health.
The composite hydrogel performs integrated PTT for osteogenesis and bacterial eradication. With NIR stimulation, precisely controlled-release of BMP-2 and tannin by the hydrophobic phenomenon of ...volume contraction along with local heating helps the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and slow release of natural component O-HACC in combination with hyperthermia exhibits excellent antibacterial efficiency by relative low temperature to avoid potential unexpected damage.
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•A NIR-responsive and multi-functional hydrogel system packaged with bioactive factors was fabricated.•Programmable NIR irradiation performed anti-microbial, anti-oxidative and pro-osteogenic functions respectively.•Administration of controllable photothermal strategy achieved a synergistic therapeutic effect on bone regeneration.
Progress toward developing next-generation biomaterials applied in complex bone defect is expected to effectively integrate osteogenic and anti-bacteria capability. However, current biomaterials often achieve the two functions separately. Inspired by photothermal effect, exogenous light-induced thermal variations can efficiently facilitate bone regeneration and bacteria eradication. Here, a bioactive hydrogel BMP-2@PNH-TA with simultaneously osteogenic and anti-bacterial capacities is presented, which is based on the near infrared (NIR) induced photothermal effect to perform integrated photothermal therapy (PTT). In detail, photothermal effect and photothermal-controlled release of osteogenic and anti-bacterial factors through sponge-like effect could exert integrated influence on bone regeneration under complex situation. The composite hydrogel can mediate pro-osteogenesis under mild temperature and controlled release of BMP-2 and tannin in response to NIR stimulation with low power, while efficiently eradicate bacteria via controlled release of O-HACC and thermal effect with high power. The customized PTT strategy significantly shortened the duration time of bone regeneration up to almost 50% in rat cranial bone defect. It is anticipated that the concept of integrated PTT for bone regeneration will cast new insights into developing high-performance therapeutic strategy with combined biological functions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e–-ORR) can be exploited for green production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but it still suffers from low selectivity in an acidic electrolyte when using ...non-noble metal catalysts. Here, inspired by biology, we demonstrate a strategy that exploits the micellization of surfactant molecules to promote the H2O2 selectivity of a low-cost carbon black catalyst in strong acid electrolytes. The surfactants near the electrode surface increase the oxygen solubility and transportation, and they provide a shielding effect that displaces protons from the electric double layer (EDL). Compared with the case of a pure acidic electrolyte, we find that, when a small number of surfactant molecules were added to the acid, the H2O2 Faradaic efficiency (FE) was improved from 12% to 95% H2O2 under 200 mA cm–2, suggesting an 8-fold improvement. Our in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and optical microscopy (OM) studies suggest that, while the added surfactant reduces the electrode’s hydrophobicity, its micelle formation could promote the O2 gas transport and its hydrophobic tail could displace local protons under applied negative potentials during catalysis, which are responsible for the improved H2O2 selectivity in strong acids.
The quality of the solid-electrolyte interphase is crucial for the performance of most battery chemistries, but its formation dynamics during operation are not well understood due to a lack of ...reliable operando characterization techniques. Herein, we report a dynamic, non-invasive, operando reflection interference microscope to enable the real-time imaging of the solid-electrolyte interphase during its formation and evolution processes with high sensitivity. The stratified structure of the solid-electrolyte interphase formed during four distinct steps includes the emergence of a permanent inner inorganic layer enriched in LiF, a transient assembly of an interfacial electrified double layer and a consequent emergence of a temporary outer organic-rich layer whose presence is reversible with electrochemical cycling. Reflection interference microscope imaging reveals an inverse correlation between the thicknesses of two interphasial subcomponents, implying that the permanent inorganic-rich inner layer dictates the organic-rich outer layer formation and lithium nucleation. The real-time visualization of solid-electrolyte interphase dynamics provides a powerful tool for the rational design of battery interphases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
A deep learning network called "residual neural network" (ResNet) was used to decode Raman spectra-encoded suspension arrays (SAs). With narrow bandwidths and stable signals, Raman spectra have ideal ...encoding properties. The different Raman reporter molecules assembled micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) were grafted with various biomolecule probes, which enabled simultaneous detection of numerous target analytes in a single sample. Multiple types of mixed MQPs were measured by Raman spectroscopy and then decoded by ResNet to acquire the type information of analytes. The good classification performance of ResNet was verified by a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) diagram. Compared with other machine learning models, these experiments showed that ResNet was obviously superior in terms of classification stability and training convergence to different datasets. This method simplified the decoding process and the classification accuracy reached 100%.
A deep learning network called "residual neural network" (ResNet) was used to decode Raman spectra-encoded suspension arrays (SAs).
Metabolic abnormalities are at the center of many diseases, and the capability to film and quantify the metabolic activities of a single cell is important for understanding the heterogeneities in ...these abnormalities. In this paper, a functional plasmonic microscope (FPM) is used to image and measure metabolic activities without fluorescent labels at a single-cell level. The FPM can accurately image and quantify the subnanometer membrane fluctuations with a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm in real time. These active cell membrane fluctuations are caused by metabolic activities across the cell membrane. A three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the bottom cell membrane was imaged and reconstructed with FPM to illustrate the capability of the microscope for cell membrane characterization. Then, the subnanometer cell membrane fluctuations of single cells were imaged and quantified with the FPM using HeLa cells. Cell metabolic heterogeneity is analyzed based on membrane fluctuations of each individual cell that is exposed to similar environmental conditions. In addition, we demonstrated that the FPM could be used to evaluate the therapeutic responses of metabolic inhibitors (glycolysis pathway inhibitor STF 31) on a single-cell level. The result showed that the metabolic activities significantly decrease over time, but the nature of this response varies, depicting cell heterogeneity. A low-concentration dose showed a reduced fluctuation frequency with consistent fluctuation amplitudes, while the high-concentration dose showcased a decreasing trend in both cases. These results have demonstrated the capabilities of the functional plasmonic microscope to measure and quantify metabolic activities for drug discovery.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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