•A new TENGs based on PVDF-ZnO NWs/nylon-ZnO NWs was constructed with highly polar crystalline β-phase by electrospinning.•The maximum power density of ZnO NWs incorporated PVDF/nylon 11 ...triboelectric nanogenerator reached as high as 3.0 W/m2.•A potent and sustainable power source for portable electronic devices was demonstrated.
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a novel energy harvester technology which attracted a great deal of attention in the area of self-powering electronic devices due to its high output power density. In this investigation, zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) were incorporated into the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nylon 11 nanofibers to construct new TENGs based on PVDF-ZnO NWs/nylon-ZnO NWs. This study showed that ZnO NWs were aligned along the fiber axis during electrospinning. The cooperative and mutual alignment of polymer chains with ZnO NWs were also achieved in the fibers because of electrospinning, which promoted formation of the highly polar crystalline β-phase of PVDF and δ’-phase of nylon. The maximum power density of ZnO NWs incorporated PVDF/nylon 11 triboelectric nanogenerator reached as high as 3.0 W/m2 under an external load of 10–20 MΩ. The fabricated TENG with improved output performance can be directly used to lightening of more than 100 LEDs. Incorporation of ZnO NWs also improved both thermal stability and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elastic modulus of PVDF and nylon 11 fibrous membranes. This work disclosed a potent and sustainable power source for portable electronic devices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The leakage of chemicals (either vapors or liquids) severely threatens the environment and even people’s health. It remains a great challenge to develop multifunctional and durable materials that can ...not only detect the chemical vapors but also clean up the liquid chemicals especially high viscous crude oil. Here, a superhydrophobic and conductive foam composite (SCFC) is prepared by decorating carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) onto the skeleton of the pre-swollen polymer foam under the assistance of ultrasonication. The CBNPs are firmly embedded onto the skeleton surface, exhibiting a strong interfacial adhesion and hence excellent surface stability and durability. The SCFC possesses stable vapor sensing behavior and can detect various chemical vapors with a low detection limit and good cycling performance. When used for oil/water separation, the SCFC has large oil adsorption capacity for different oils with excellent reusability. Also, the outstanding photo-thermal conversion performance of the SCFC can be used to significantly reduce the oil viscosity and hence realize efficient cleanup of the crude oil. The multifunctional SCFC has promising applications in the field of environment protection, flexible electronics, etc.
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•A superhydrophobic and electrically conductive foam composite (SCFC) is fabricated.•The SCFC possesses excellent interfacial adhesion and thus surface stability and durability.•The SCFC can detect various chemical vapors with a low detection limit and good cycling performance.•The SCFC can separate the oil from water with a high separation efficiency.•The SCFC can achieve high efficiency cleanup of the highly viscous crude oil.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Polysaccharides are biopolymers made up of a large number of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature: Some, such as peptidoglycan and ...cellulose, are the components that make up the cell walls of bacteria and plants, and some, such as starch and glycogen, are used as carbohydrate storage in plants and animals. Fungi exist in a variety of natural environments and can exploit a wide range of carbon sources. They play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to break down plant biomass, which is composed primarily of cell wall polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Fungi produce a variety of enzymes that in combination degrade cell wall polysaccharides into different monosaccharides. Starch, the main component of grain, is also a polysaccharide that can be broken down into monosaccharides by fungi. These monosaccharides can be used for energy or as precursors for the biosynthesis of biomolecules through a series of enzymatic reactions. Industrial fermentation by microbes has been widely used to produce traditional foods, beverages, and biofuels from starch and to a lesser extent plant biomass. This review focuses on the degradation and utilization of plant homopolysaccharides, cellulose and starch; summarizes the activities of the enzymes involved and the regulation of the induction of the enzymes in well-studied filamentous fungi.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Daytime radiative cooling is regarded as the gold promise of future sustainable building energy systems and a breakthrough in the fight against local climate change. Despite the ...fervid research interest, most literature reports exceptional theoretical performances under ideal, desert-like conditions, but overlooks the cooling impairment that occurs under low atmospheric transparency (cloudy, humid, polluted conditions) and reduced sky access (packed urban contexts). Power recovery and stabilization call for decoupling of incoming and outgoing radiation at equal wavelengths. Enhanced directionality and high-contrast, broadband asymmetric transmission have been recently proposed to expand the applicability of radiative coolers over a wider spectrum of climates, weathers and terrains. This review offers itself as a first, timely synthesis of the current technological arena. Physical principles, materials and designs, collected from a variety of applicative fields, are detailed and discussed in terms of performance and feasibility, to inspire the transition into sustainable building cooling, worldwide. Major grey areas and serious concerns on potential violations of the 2nd law of thermodynamics reinforce the need for experimental demonstrations in future research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The function of 4-coumarate-CoA ligases (4CL) under abiotic stresses has been studied in plants, however, limited is known about the 4CL genes in cotton (G. hirsutum L.) and their roles in response ...to drought stress.
We performed genome-wide identification of the 4CL genes in G. hirsutum and investigated the expression profiles of the identified genes in various cotton tissues and in response to stress conditions with an aim to identify 4CL gene(s) associated with drought tolerance. We identified 34 putative 4CL genes in G. hirsutum that were clustered into three classes. Genes of the same class usually share a similar gene structure and motif composition. Many cis-elements related to stress and phytohormone responses were found in the promoters of the Gh4CL genes. Of the 34 Gh4CL genes, 26 were induced by at least one abiotic stress and 10 (including Gh4CL7) were up-regulated under the polyethylene glycol (PEG) simulated drought stress conditions. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cotton and overexpression (OE) in Arabidopsis thaliana were applied to investigate the biological function of Gh4CL7 in drought tolerance. The Gh4CL7-silencing cotton plants showed more sensitive to drought stress, probably due to decreased relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and antioxidative enzyme activity, increased stomatal aperture, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H
O
). Arabidopsis lines overexpressing Gh4CL7, however, were more tolerant to drought treatment, which was associated with improved antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced accumulation of MDA and H
O
and up-regulated stress-related genes under the drought stress conditions. In addition, compared to their respective controls, the Gh4CL7-silencing cotton plants and the Gh4CL7-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines had a ~ 20% reduction and a ~ 10% increase in lignin content, respectively. The expression levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis, including PAL, CCoAOMT, COMT, CCR and CAD, were lower in Gh4CL7-silencing plants than in controls. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Gh4CL7 could positively respond to drought stress and therefore might be a candidate gene for improvement of drought tolerance in cotton.
We characterized the 4CL gene family in upland cotton and revealed a role of Gh4CL7 in lignin biosynthesis and drought tolerance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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With the progress of industrial production, more and more products need to be tested to ensure product quality. Detecting and locating surface defects have become a challenging and practical ...problem. In previous researches, the supervised training needs a lot of manual annotation data and defective product data. And the unsupervised method based on image inpainting can’t reconstruct complex images with high precision. In this paper, we proposed an unsupervised defect detection method based on the pseudo-defect generation to solve the problem of insufficient defective samples and the detecting accuracy problem. We conducted experiments on the AITEX dataset which get 93.3% DR, 3.2% FAR, and 35.5% MIOU. And it also shows outstanding effects in real industrial scenes.
Fire cyclic warning sensors based on polymer decorated MXene have been successfully constructed and show ultrafast flame detecting response, reusable and weather-resistance adaptability under outdoor ...complicated environments.
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•Water-soluble polymer decorated MXene networks were fabricated by a faicle strategy.•Novel fire warning sensor based on the modified MXnene network was constructed.•The modified MXene networks display ultrafast and cyclic fire warning performance.•The flame resistance and cyclic fire warning mechanisms were discussed and clarified.•Silane-treated MXene coating showed reusable and weather-resistant fire warning signal.
Fire warning sensor capable of rapidly monitoring critical fire risk of combustible materials growingly plays a crucial role in reducing or avioding fire disaster under complicated environments. Unfortunately, to date the rational design of smart fire warning sensors that are reusable and weather-resistant remains a major challenge. Here, we report a facile and green strategy for fabricating biomimetic polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene networks that possess exceptional flame resistance and sensitive fire cyclic warning performance. Novel fire warning sensors that were constructed based on the as-prepared inherently fire-retardant MXene networks exhibit ultrafast fire warning response and recovery time (~1.8 s and ~1.0 s), resistance switching behavior with >4 orders of magnitude, and stable fire cyclic warning capability for 100 cycles. Structural observation and analysis disclose that, upon flame attack, thermal pyrolysis of the polymer molecules facilitates the oxidation of MXene sheets to form a compact fish scale-like C/N dopped titania network, and meanwhile its electron excitation is thus activated to generate a sensitive resistance transition to trigger a rapid fire cyclic warning signal. More improtantly, the multifunctional MXene networks treated with silane modification not only endow combustible substrate with excellent super-hydrophobicity and outstanding flame resistance, but provide reusable and weather-resistant fire warning responses even after one-year outdoor exposure. Therefore, this work provides an innovative concept of advanced MXene composites and design of fire cyclic warning sensors for fire safety and prevention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Local binary pattern (LBP) and its many variants have shown effectiveness for texture classification. However, most of these LBP methods focus on encoding local intensity differences between a ...central pixel and its neighboring sampling points and consequently have two major problems: 1) they are unable to describe the intensity order relationships among neighboring sampling points, and 2) they fail to capture long-range pixel interactions that take place outside a compact neighborhood. In view of these problems, in this paper we propose two novel operators, called local grouped order pattern (LGOP) and non-local binary pattern (NLBP), for texture description. For the first problem, LGOP groups the neighboring sampling points by referring to a dominant direction and encodes the groupwise intensity order relationships. For the second problem, NLBP computes several anchors based on global image statistics and progressively encodes non-local intensity differences between the neighboring sampling points and anchors. Finally, we combine LGOP and NLBP via central pixel encoding to construct discriminative histogram features as texture descriptor LGONBP. Experiments on four texture benchmark databases (i.e., Outex, CUReT, UMD and KTH-TIPS) demonstrate the superiority of LGONBP over state-of-the-art LBP variants for texture classification under both noise-free and noisy conditions. The code is available at https://github.com/stc-cqupt/LGONBP .
Oncogenic KRAS is a major driver in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) that has yet to be therapeutically conquered. Here we report that the SLC7A11/glutathione axis displays metabolic synthetic lethality ...with oncogenic KRAS. Through metabolomics approaches, we found that mutationally activated KRAS strikingly increased intracellular cystine levels and glutathione biosynthesis. SLC7A11, a cystine/glutamate antiporter conferring specificity for cystine uptake, was overexpressed in patients with KRAS-mutant LUAD and showed positive association with tumor progression. Furthermore, SLC7A11 inhibition by either genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition with sulfasalazine resulted in selective killing across a panel of KRAS-mutant cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo, suggesting the functionality and specificity of SLC7A11 as a therapeutic target. Importantly, we further identified a potent SLC7A11 inhibitor, HG106, that markedly decreased cystine uptake and intracellular glutathione biosynthesis. Furthermore, HG106 exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward KRAS-mutant cells by increasing oxidative stress- and ER stress-mediated cell apoptosis. Of note, treatment of KRAS-mutant LUAD with HG106 in several preclinical lung cancer mouse models led to marked tumor suppression and prolonged survival. Overall, our findings reveal that KRAS-mutant LUAD cells are vulnerable to SLC7A11 inhibition, offering potential therapeutic approaches for this currently incurable disease.
Cotton stalk bark fiber (CSBF) was extracted at high temperature and under high pressure, under the condition of the alkali content of 11 wt%. Experimental results proved that the extraction yield of ...CSBF was 27.3 wt%, and the residual alkali concentration was 2.1 wt%. Then five kinds of modifiers including methyl methacrylate (MMA), MMA plus initiator, epoxy propane, copper ethanolamine, and silane coupling agent were chosen to modify the surface of CSBF. It was found by measuring water retention value (WRV) that these five kinds of modifiers were all effective and the silane coupling agent was best modifier among all. The optimal modifying conditions of silane coupling agent were obtained: modifier concentration was 5%, the mixing temperature was 20°C, the mixing time was 1 h, and vacuum drying time was 1 h. Under the optimal condition, the WRV of the modified CSBF was 89%. It is expected that these modified CSBF may be a filler with strengthening effect in wood plastic composites (WPC) fields.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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