Voltage control of magnetism (VCM) is attracting increasing interest and exciting significant research activity driven by its profound physics and enormous potential for application. This review ...article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent progress in VCM in different thin films. We first present a brief summary of the modulation of magnetism by electric fields and describe its discovery, development, classification, mechanism, and potential applications. In the second part, we focus on the classification of VCM from the viewpoint of materials, where both the magnetic medium and dielectric gating materials, and their influences on magnetic modulation efficiency are systematically described. In the third part, the nature of VCM is discussed in detail, including the conventional mechanisms of charge, strain, and exchange coupling at the interfaces of heterostructures, as well as the emergent models of orbital reconstruction and electrochemical effect. The fourth part mainly illustrates the typical performance characteristics of VCM, and discusses, in particular, its promising application for reducing power consumption and realizing high-density memory in several device configurations. The present review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and future prospects of VCM, which will inspire more in-depth research and advance the practical applications of this field.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•A mark-free vision-based dynamic real-time measurement technique is proposed for full field strain and 3D deformation detection.•Point cloud combination and 3D reconstruction are applied.•The ...non-contact method results truly reflect the deformation process and full-field strain values.•The standard deviation mean value measured by the proposed method relative to the true value is 1.23%.•The proposed method can be used as a reasonable alternative to traditional contact methods.
This study presents a dynamic real-time detection method for surface deformation and full field strain in recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns (RACSTCs). Automatic calibration and dynamic surface tracking measurement are utilized and mathematical models combining the four-ocular visual coordinates and point cloud matching are proposed. The 3D deformation of the RACSTCs under low cyclic loading are gathered every 60 s as sample images. The four-ocular vision system constitutes two groups of binocular stereoscopic vision systems. The 3D deformation surface is reconstructed by multi-ocular vision coordinate association, image preprocessing, and point cloud registration. The measurement results are validated by comparison against laser range finder data. The standard deviation mean value of 10 specimens measured by the proposed method relative to the true value is 1.23%; the mean error of the maximum absolute value is 2.82%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Realizing autonomous vehicles is one of the ultimate dreams for humans. However, perceptual information collected by sensors in dynamic and complicated environments, in particular, vision ...information, may exhibit various types of degradation. This may lead to mispredictions of context followed by more severe consequences. Thus, it is necessary to improve degraded images before employing them for context prediction. To this end, we propose a generative adversarial network to restore images from common types of degradation. The proposed model features a novel architecture with an inverse and a reverse module to address additional attributes between image styles. With the supplementary information, the decoding for restoration can be more precise. In addition, we develop a loss function to stabilize the adversarial training with better training efficiency for the proposed model. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can achieve better restoration performance with high efficiency. It is highly reliable for assisting in context prediction in autonomous vehicles.
To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with a comprehensive characterization of COVID-19.
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for ...studies published as of March 2, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.
43 studies involving 3600 patients were included. Among COVID-19 patients, fever (83.3% 95% CI 78.4–87.7), cough (60.3% 54.2–66.3), and fatigue (38.0% 29.8–46.5) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (68.6% 58.2–78.2), decreased lymphocyte count (57.4% 44.8–69.5) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (51.6% 31.4–71.6). Ground-glass opacities (80.0% 67.3–90.4) and bilateral pneumonia (73.2% 63.4–82.1) were the most frequently reported findings on computed tomography. The overall estimated proportion of severe cases and case-fatality rate (CFR) was 25.6% (17.4–34.9) and 3.6% (1.1–7.2), respectively. CFR and laboratory abnormalities were higher in severe cases, patients from Wuhan, and older patients, but CFR did not differ by gender.
The majority of COVID-19 cases are symptomatic with a moderate CFR. Patients living in Wuhan, older patients, and those with medical comorbidities tend to have more severe clinical symptoms and higher CFR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, consisting of LOX and LOX-like proteins 1–4 (LOXL1–4), is responsible for the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin, thus maintaining the stability of the ...extracellular matrix (ECM) and functioning in maintaining connective tissue function, embryonic development, and wound healing. Recent studies have found the aberrant expression or activity of the LOX family occurs in various types of cancer. It has been proved that the LOX family mainly performs tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling function and is extensively involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, immunomodulation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. With relevant translational research in progress, the LOX family is expected to be an effective target for tumor therapy. Here, we review the research progress of the LOX family in tumor progression and therapy to provide novel insights for future exploration of relevant tumor mechanism and new therapeutic targets.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
As construction becomes greener, people have higher and higher requirements for engineering project management, which makes it necessary to deeply study the comprehensive optimization of schedule, ...cost and sustainability level. Adhering to the concept of low carbon and green, the article takes carbon emission factor into the total cost of building construction and improves the traditional cost objective of engineering projects; then quantitatively analyzes the economic, environmental and social impacts of assembled buildings from the perspective of sustainability, and introduces the sustainability objective into the traditional duration-cost problem study, taking the duration of each job in the double code arrow diagram as the independent variable to construct the duration -cost-sustainability level multi-objective optimization model. In order to solve the type effectively, a series of Pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the efficacy coefficient method is used for program decision making. The results show that the Pareto solution set can provide effective support for the project manager's decision making, and the NSGA-II algorithm is effective in solving the multi-objective optimization model.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, a novel turbo-coded 16-ary orbital angular momentum - shift keying-free space optical (OAM-SK-FSO) communication system combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) based adaptive ...demodulator under strong atmospheric turbulence is proposed for the first time. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by transmitting a 256-grayscale two-dimensional digital image. The bit error ratio (BER) performance of the system is investigated and the effect of different factors such as turbulence strength, propagation distance, code rate, length of random interleaver and length of bit interleaver is also taken into account. An advanced encoder/decoder structure and mapping scheme are applied to diminish the influence of CNN misclassification and reduce the BER effectively. With the optimal encoder/decoder structure and CNN model settings, the BER varies from 0 to 4.89×10
when the propagation distance increases from 200m to 1000m for a given turbulence strength Cn2 equals 5×10
m
. For a determined propagation distance equals 400m, the BER ranges from 0 to 4.01×10
when Cn2increases from 1×10
m
to 4×10
m
. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed system can provide better BER performance under strong atmospheric turbulence and conditions when the classification ability of CNN is limited.
In the construction industry, ensuring the safety performance of a project relies heavily on the effective allocation of safety resources. As the importance of mental health in the construction ...industry increases, evolutionary game theory can be used to analyze the interaction mechanism of various factors affecting safety performance during the construction phase. The objective of this paper is to construct an analytical model that combines evolutionary game theory with genetic algorithms from the perspective of Leader-Member Exchange Ambivalence. The model aims to quantify and compare the various factors that influence achieving the expected safety state and identify the specific necessary constraints. Initially, we analyzed the relationships among construction site employees, divided them into superiors and subordinates, and established a game model and payoff matrix based on the research background. Next, we introduced genetic algorithms into the model via the replicator dynamic equation for optimization. We adjusted the coefficients of safety risk level, psychological expected return, moral identity, and other factors to simulate various construction site scenarios. Simulation and optimization results indicate that genetic algorithms provide more accurate reference values for safety resource allocation compared to preset or manually assigned values.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Single-ended travelling-wave-based protection has been available for several years, providing the advantages of low cost and no requirement for communication and synchronisation with the remote end. ...However, conventional single-ended travelling-wave-based protection has low reliability due to its use of only partial fault information, and it has high dependence on extracting a second reflected wavefront. A new single-ended travelling-wave-based protection algorithm using the 2 ms full-waveform post-fault signal in the time–frequency domain, which avoids the discrimination of the reflected wavefront, is presented. First, the full-waveform representation of the travelling wave in 3D subspace is proposed. The fault characteristics of the wideband travelling wave are analysed at different scales. Second, for faults that occur within one line or on adjacent lines, the propagation characteristics and reflection and refraction process are analysed in detail. Then, the correlation and difference of the full waveform are presented qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, a time–frequency spectrum matrix is established based on the full waveform, and the protection algorithm is developed by using a time–frequency spectrum matrix and wave matching technology. Extensive simulations under different conditions verify the wide applicability and high reliability of the proposed algorithm.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
CRISPR/Cas9-induced site-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be repaired by homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Extensive efforts have been made to ...knock-in exogenous DNA to a selected genomic locus in human cells; which, however, has focused on HDR-based strategies and was proven inefficient. Here, we report that NHEJ pathway mediates efficient rejoining of genome and plasmids following CRISPR/Cas9-induced DNA DSBs, and promotes high-efficiency DNA integration in various human cell types. With this homology-independent knock-in strategy, integration of a 4.6 kb promoterless ires-eGFP fragment into the GAPDH locus yielded up to 20% GFP+ cells in somatic LO2 cells, and 1.70% GFP+ cells in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Quantitative comparison further demonstrated that the NHEJ-based knock-in is more efficient than HDR-mediated gene targeting in all human cell types examined. These data support that CRISPR/Cas9-induced NHEJ provides a valuable new path for efficient genome editing in human ESCs and somatic cells.
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