This study established a new protocol of the antibody binding test to evaluate the potency of the rabies vaccine containing the final bulk and the product. The principle of this experiment is to ...combine rabies vaccine with quantitative anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody. After combination, the remaining rabies vaccine is combined with the quantitative fluorescent labeled rabies virus. After this, observe the remaining fluorescent labeled rabies virus, calculate the fluorescence area with fluorescence observation equipment, then calculate the potency of rabies vaccine by Reed and Muench method. The test results of many batches of rabies vaccine final bulk and finished products showed that the potency detected by this method was consistent with that of National Institute of Health method.
Gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction （GATE）, which has the advantages of both three-liquid-phase extrac- tion and solvent sublation, is a novel separation technique for separation and ...concentration of two organic com- pounds into different phases in one step. This highly effective and economically applicable method has been developed for separating emodin and rhein from herbal extract. In a GATE system composed of butyl acetate/ PEG4000/ammonium sulfate aqueous solution, influence of various parameters including gas flow rate, flotation time, salt concentration, initial volume of PEG and butyl acetate was investigated. Within 50 min of 30 ml. min 1 nitrogen flow, removal ratio of emodin and rhein from aqueous phase could be over 99% and 97%, respectively. Mass fraction of emodin in the BA phase and rhein in the PEG phase could reach 97% and 95%, respectively. It is demonstrated that gas bubbling is effective for partitioning ofemodin and rhein into butyl acetate and PEG phase respectively, and dispersed PEG and butyl acetate could be captured from the aqueous solution. Experi- mental results show that GATE could be an effective and economical technology for concentration and separation of co-existed products in medicinal plants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•GWS change derived from Tongji-RegGrace2019 model is validated with WGHM model and monitoring well observations.•Each independent component of GWSA is less clustered by different time cycles and ...shows distinct spatial localized characteristics.•GWS change in NC is highly related to four driving factors viz., precipitation, evaporation, coal mining and agricultural irrigation.
North China (NC) is faced groundwater shortage in the past decades. To understand the characteristics of Groundwater Storage (GWS) change in NC, GWS Anomaly (GWSA) is analyzed by using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) with the high-resolution time-variable gravity field model Tongji-RegGrace2019 and hydrological models. According to the spatiotemporal characteristics of Independent Components (ICs), the driving factors and corresponding driving mechanism of GWS changes are further investigated. Results show that the GWS in NC is decreased with a rate of −0.87 ± 0.04 cm/yr from January 2004 to December 2015 and the rate increased to −3.71 ± 0.49 cm/yr from January 2014 to December 2015. Among the first four ICs of GWSA, the first and second ICs (IC1 and IC2) cooperatively reflect long-term and intra-annual GWS changes caused by water consumption of coal mining and agricultural irrigation in northern and southern Shanxi province, with the correlation coefficients of −0.91 and −0.85, respectively. IC3 indicates the signal of semi-annual GWS change related to agricultural irrigation water consumption in southern Hebei province, with a correlation coefficient of −0.85. Besides, IC4 suggests the effect of monsoon precipitation and evaporation in front of Taihang Mountain. Hence, the driving factors, including uneven spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation, intense seasonal evaporation, severe loss by coal mining, coupled with exhaustive exploitation for irrigation, jointly restrict the GWS rise and fall at different time nodes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To further improve the thermal efficiency of gas turbine, the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) increases up to 2000 K, leading to an extremely high heat load on the first-stage vane. Taking into ...consideration that there are complex endwall secondary flow and the passage vortices which have significant effect on the flow field and thermal behavior near the endwall, it is essential to study the aero-thermal characteristics of endwall and develop efficient endwall cooling approach. In this work, two novel upstream slot structures, referred to as the vane-type slot and cascade-type slot, are proposed, and a comprehensive numerical analysis is conducted to reveal their mechanism and superiority in improving the film cooling and aerodynamic performance of first-stage vane compared with the conventional slot structure. The results indicate that compared with the conventional rectangular straight slot, the coolant jets from two novel slots have a more significant inhibition effect on the development of the endwall secondary flow due to their lower outflow angle and thus higher momentum in streamwise direction, which contributes to reducing the strength of the endwall secondary flow. This is beneficial to provide a lower cascade aerodynamic loss and a higher film cooling effectiveness of the endwall near the suction side leading edge and the higher film cooling effectiveness along the trajectory of the horseshoe vortex on the more downstream region. Moreover, the vane-type slot provides the largest coolant coverage and cooling effectiveness of endwall and the lowest total pressure loss within slot and cascade aerodynamic loss, followed by the cascade-type slot and conventional slot.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AACC) is an important allopolyploid crop derived from interspecific crosses between Brassica rapa (2n = 2x = 20, AA) and Brassica oleracea (2n = 2x = 18, CC). However, ...no truly wild B. napus populations are known; its origin and improvement processes remain unclear. Here, we resequence 588 B. napus accessions. We uncover that the A subgenome may evolve from the ancestor of European turnip and the C subgenome may evolve from the common ancestor of kohlrabi, cauliflower, broccoli, and Chinese kale. Additionally, winter oilseed may be the original form of B. napus. Subgenome-specific selection of defense-response genes has contributed to environmental adaptation after formation of the species, whereas asymmetrical subgenomic selection has led to ecotype change. By integrating genome-wide association studies, selection signals, and transcriptome analyses, we identify genes associated with improved stress tolerance, oil content, seed quality, and ecotype improvement. They are candidates for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of B. napus.
All-day atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) presents an appealing approach for achieving high-yield water production in arid regions. However, current all-day ...MOF-based AWH strategies often involve intricate material preparation procedures and high energy input for water desorption, raising concerns about the water production cost. Leveraging the naturally abundant solar energy available in arid areas, herein, sprayable Ti3C2 MXene/silane-decorated hyperbranched polymer solutions (Ti3C2/sHBP) are presented. These solutions enable easy formation of robust, spray-applied coatings on monolithic MOFs upon exposure to sunlight, resulting in monolithic Ti3C2/sHBP-coated MOFs (TCM). The presence of Ti3C2/sHBP coatings equips TCMs with dual solar and electrical heating capabilities, enabling adaptive all-day AWH based on sunlight availability: solar heating-driven AWH when sufficient sunlight is present, combined solar/electrical heating-driven AWH when sunlight is insufficient, and electrical heating-driven AWH during periods without sunlight. Compared to traditional electrical heating-driven AWH, this adaptive all-day AWH delivers a similar water production performance with a 28.8% reduction in energy consumption for water desorption. Imparting MOF monoliths with dual heating functionality through a straightforward spray-applied coating demonstrates a novel, facile, and cost-effective strategy for enabling adaptive all-day AWH with excellent water productivity at a significantly mitigated energy cost.
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•Accurate preoperative grading of meningiomas is clinically relevant to enhance decision-making and improve the prognosis of patients.•cMRI, ADC and SWI radiomic model may be helpful for the ...prediction of meningioma grade.•Radiomic model based on cMRI, ADC map and SWI yielded the best prediction performance in predicting the meningioma grade.
To investigate the prediction performance of radiomic models based on multiparametric MRI in predicting the meningioma grade.
In all, 229 low-grade Grade I and 87 high-grade Grade II/III patients with pathologically diagnosed meningiomas were enrolled. Radiomic features from conventional MRI (cMRI), ADC maps and SWI were extracted based on the volume of entire tumor. Classification performance of different radiomic models (cMRI, ADC, SWI, cMRI + ADC, cMRI + SWI, ADC + SWI, and cMRI + ADC + SWI models) was evaluated by a nested LOOCV approach, combining the LASSO feature selection and RF classifier that was trained (1) without subsampling, and (2) with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). The prediction performance of radiomic models was assessed using ROC curve and AUC of them was compared using Delong’s test.
The cMRI + ADC + SWI model demonstrated the best performance without or with subsampling, which AUCs were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. Following the cMRI + ADC + SWI model, the AUC range of the other models was 0.75−0.80 without subsampling, and was 0.71−0.79 with subsampling. Although the cMRI + ADC model and cMRI + SWI model showed higher AUCs than the cMRI model without subsampling (0.77 vs 0.80, P = 0.037 and 0.77 vs 0.80, P = 0.009, respectively), there was no significant difference among these models with subsampling (0.78 vs 0.77, P = 0.552 and 0.78 vs 0.79, P = 0.246, respectively).
Multiparametric radiomic model based on cMRI, ADC map and SWI yielded the best prediction performance in predicting the meningioma grade, which might offer potential guidance in clinical decision-making.
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Based on a simple endoreversible closed Brayton cycle model established in the previous literature, this paper performs thermodynamic analyses and multi-objective optimizations by applying ...finite-time thermodynamics and NSGA-II. Cycle efficient power expression of the cycle is derived and analyzed. Heat exchanger heat conductance distribution and cycle pressure ratio are used as optimization variables, and cycle power output, ecological function, thermal efficiency, power density and efficient power are taken as optimization goals. The results obtained with LINMAP, TOPSIS and Shannon Entropy decision-making methods used in five-objective optimization are compared with those of five single-objective optimizations. The results show that efficiency at the maximum efficient power is higher than that at the maximum power; there are an optimal values of heat conductance distribution and pressure ratio make efficient power reaches the maximum; in the five-objective optimization, deviation indices with LINMAP, TOPSIS and Shannon Entropy decision-making methods are 0.2443, 0.2443 and 0.2400, respectively, deviation index with Shannon Entropy approach is the smallest, and the result is closer to ideal scheme; while the deviation indices for five single-objective optimizations with power, efficiency, ecological function, power density and efficient power are 0.4111, 0.6750, 0.2651, 0.2443 and 0.2400, respectively.
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Abstract
Stitched fluorescence microscope images inevitably exist in various types of stripes or artifacts caused by uncertain factors such as optical devices or specimens, which severely affects the ...image quality and downstream quantitative analysis. Here, we present a deep learning-based Stripe Self-Correction method, so-called SSCOR. Specifically, we propose a proximity sampling scheme and adversarial reciprocal self-training paradigm that enable SSCOR to utilize stripe-free patches sampled from the stitched microscope image itself to correct their adjacent stripe patches. Comparing to off-the-shelf approaches, SSCOR can not only adaptively correct non-uniform, oblique, and grid stripes, but also remove scanning, bubble, and out-of-focus artifacts, achieving the state-of-the-art performance across different imaging conditions and modalities. Moreover, SSCOR does not require any physical parameter estimation, patch-wise manual annotation, or raw stitched information in the correction process. This provides an intelligent prior-free image restoration solution for microscopists or even microscope companies, thus ensuring more precise biomedical applications for researchers.
Approximately 3.5 million people in Nicaragua have experienced food insecurity due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced drought from 2014 to 2016. It is essential to study terrestrial ...water storage component (TWSC) changes and their responses to ENSO to prevent the water crisis in Nicaragua influenced by ENSO. In this paper, we investigate the TWSC changes in Nicaragua and its sub-basins derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)’s temporal gravity field, hydrological model, and water level data, and then determine the connection between the TWSC and ENSO from April 2002 to April 2021 by time series analysis. The research results show that: (1) The estimated TWSC changes in Nicaragua are in good agreement with the variation of precipitation and evaporation, and precipitation is the main cause of TWSC variation. (2) According to the cross-correlation analysis, there is a significant negative peak correlation between the interannual TWSC and ENSO in western Nicaragua, especially for interannual soil moisture (−0.80). The difference in peak correlation between the western and eastern sub-basins may be due to the topographic hindrance of the ENSO-inspired precipitation process. (3) The cross-wavelet analysis indicates that the resonance periods between TWSC and ENSO are primarily 2 and 4 years. These resonance periods are related to the two ENSO modes (the central Pacific (CP) mode with a quasi-2-year period and the eastern Pacific (EP) mode with a quasi-4-year period). Furthermore, their resonance phase variation may be due to the transition to ENSO mode. This study revealed the relationship between ENSO and TWSC in Nicaragua, which can provide a certain reference for water resources regulation.
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