Coronavirus disease 2019 is a newly emerging infectious disease currently spreading across the world. It is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ...(SARS-CoV-2). The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, which plays a key role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process, is composed of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain that recognizes and binds to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, while the S2 subunit mediates viral cell membrane fusion by forming a six-helical bundle via the two-heptad repeat domain. In this review, we highlight recent research advance in the structure, function and development of antivirus drugs targeting the S protein.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cancer can invade or spread to almost all parts of the body. The increasing morbidity and high mortality of cancer create a great demand for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Coumarin ...derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and can readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells via weak bond interactions; hence, coumarin is a highly privileged pharmacophore for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will focus on the recent development of coumarin hybrids as potential anticancer agents covering articles published from 2019 to 2020.
Coumarin derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and can readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells via weak bond interactions. This review focuses on the recent development of coumarin derivatives as potential anticancer agents and their mechanisms of action.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We summarize in this review the recent development of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reactions. A wide array of electron-rich arenes (indoles, phenols, naphthols, ...benzothiophenes, benzofurans,
etc.
) and electron-poor arenes (pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines,
etc.
) has been proved reactive towards various reaction partners in the presence of a CPA catalyst, enabling asymmetric dearomatization reactions that lead to structurally-diverse polycyclic molecules. The reactions are grouped according to the roles of the arenes in the reactions (as nucleophiles or electrophiles) and the types of reaction partners. This review closes with a personal perspective on the dynamic research area of asymmetric dearomatization reactions by CPAs.
We summarize in this review the recent development of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reactions.
The discovery of proper ligands to simultaneously modulate the reactivity and effectively control the stereoselectivity is a central topic in the field of enantioselective C−H activation. Herein, we ...reported the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls by Pd‐catalyzed atroposelective C−H olefination. A novel chiral spiro phosphoric acid, STRIP, was identified as a superior ligand for this transformation. A broad range of axially chiral quinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). Density functional theory was used to gain a theoretical understanding of the enantioselectivities in this reaction.
The discovery of proper ligands to simultaneously modulate the reactivity and effectively control the stereoselectivity is a central topic in the field of enantioselective C−H activation. Herein, the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls by Pd‐catalyzed atroposelective C−H olefination is reported. A broad range of axially chiral quinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Certain duality of relative entropy can fail for a chiral conformal net with nontrivial representations. In this paper we quantify such statement by defining a quantity which measures the failure of ...such duality, and identify this quantity with relative entropy and global index associated with multi-interval subfactors for a large class of conformal nets. As a consequence of such new formulation we show that the duality holds for a large class of conformal nets if and only if they are holomorphic. The same argument also applies to CFT in two dimensions. In particular we show that the duality holds for a large class of CFT in two dimensions if and only if they are modular invariant. We also obtain various limiting properties of relative entropies which naturally follow from our formula.
This paper studies mobile edge computing (MEC) networks where multiple wireless devices (WDs) choose to offload their computation tasks to an edge server. To conserve energy and maintain quality of ...service for WDs, the optimization of joint offloading decision and bandwidth allocation is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. However, the problem is computationally limited by the curse of dimensionality, which cannot be solved by general optimization tools in an effective and efficient way, especially for large-scale WDs. In this paper, we propose a distributed deep learning-based offloading (DDLO) algorithm for MEC networks, where multiple parallel DNNs are used to generate offloading decisions. We adopt a shared replay memory to store newly generated offloading decisions which are further to train and improve all DNNs. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed DDLO algorithm can generate near-optimal offloading decisions in less than one second.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
3D laser displays play an important role in next‐generation display technologies owing to the ultimate visual experience they provide. Circularly polarized (CP) laser emissions, featuring optical ...rotatory power and invariability under rotations, are attractive for 3D displays due to potential in enhancing contrast ratio and comfortability. However, the lack of pixelated self‐emissive CP microlaser arrays as display panels hinders the implementation of 3D laser displays. Here, full‐color 3D laser displays are demonstrated based on CP lasing with inkjet‐printed cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) arrays as display panels. Individual CP lasers are realized by embedding fluorescent dyes into CLCs with their left‐/right‐handed helical superstructures serving as distributed feedback microcavities, bringing in ultrahigh circular polarization degree values (gem = 1.6). These CP microlaser pixels exhibit excellent far‐field color‐rendering features and a relatively large color gamut for high‐fidelity displays. With these printed CLC red–green–blue (RGB) microlaser arrays serving as display panels, proof‐of‐concept full‐color 3D laser displays are demonstrated via delivering images with orthogonal CP laser emissions into one's left and right eyes. These results provide valuable enlightenment for the development of 3D laser displays.
Full‐color 3D laser displays are demonstrated on cholesteric liquid crystal arrays, which comprise two sets of red–green–blue (RGB) pixels to present two images with orthogonal circularly polarized laser emissions. Stereoscopic images can be generated in a viewer's mind by fusing the two images acquired by the left and right eyes, respectively.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and they are essential regulators of cell differentiation, tissue development, and energy metabolism. ...Given their central roles in sensing the cellular metabolic state and controlling metabolic homeostasis, PPARs became important targets of drug development for the management of metabolic disorders. The function of PPARs is mainly regulated through ligand binding, which induces structural changes, further affecting the interactions with co-activators or co-repressors to stimulate or inhibit their functions. In addition, PPAR functions are also regulated by various Post-translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and
-GlcNAcylation, which are found at numerous modification sites. The addition of these PTMs has a wide spectrum of consequences on protein stability, transactivation function, and co-factor interaction. Moreover, certain PTMs in PPAR proteins have been associated with the status of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the PTMs found on the three PPAR isoforms PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, and their corresponding modifying enzymes. We also discuss the functional roles of these PTMs in regulating metabolic homeostasis and provide a perspective for future research in this intriguing field.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A spiro‐axis skeleton not only introduces circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules but also enhances the intramolecular through space ...charge transfer (TSCT) process. Spiral distributed phenoxazine and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one‐10,10‐dioxide act as donor and acceptor units, respectively. The resulting TADF enantiomers, (rac)‐OSFSO, display emission maxima at 470 nm, small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.022 eV and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.2 % in co‐doped film. The circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) based on (R)‐OSFSO and (S)‐OSFSO display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with dissymmetry factor up to 3.0×10−3 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.0 %. Moreover, the devices show remarkably low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 19.3 % at 1000 cd m−2 (roll‐off ca. 3.5 %), which are among the top results of CP‐OLEDs.
A chiral spiro‐axis skeleton introduced the circularly polarized luminescence property into TADF molecules and enhanced the intramolecular through space charge transfer process. The resulting TADF enantiomers display obvious CPEL signals with |gEL| factor up to 3.0×10−3 and EQE of 20.0 % with remarkably low efficiency roll‐off, which are among the top results of CP‐OLEDs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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