Brain-computer interface technologies, such as steady-state visually evoked potential, P300, and motor imagery are methods of communication between the human brain and the external devices. Motor ...imagery-based brain-computer interfaces are popular because they avoid unnecessary external stimuli. Although feature extraction methods have been illustrated in several machine intelligent systems in motor imagery-based brain-computer interface studies, the performance remains unsatisfactory. There is increasing interest in the use of the fuzzy integrals, the Choquet and Sugeno integrals, that are appropriate for use in applications in which fusion of data must consider possible data interactions. To enhance the classification accuracy of brain-computer interfaces, we adopted fuzzy integrals, after employing the classification method of traditional brain-computer interfaces, to consider possible links between the data. Subsequently, we proposed a novel classification framework called the multimodal fuzzy fusion-based brain-computer interface system. Ten volunteers performed a motor imagery-based brain-computer interface experiment, and we acquired electroencephalography signals simultaneously. The multimodal fuzzy fusion-based brain-computer interface system enhanced performance compared with traditional brain-computer interface systems. Furthermore, when using the motor imagery-relevant electroencephalography frequency alpha and beta bands for the input features, the system achieved the highest accuracy, up to 78.81% and 78.45% with the Choquet and Sugeno integrals, respectively. Herein, we present a novel concept for enhancing brain-computer interface systems that adopts fuzzy integrals, especially in the fusion for classifying brain-computer interface commands.
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, has caused considerable losses in all areas where are cultivated the Solanaceae. Its control has been done by chemical, biological, and traditionally by ...farmers using sisal juice. We isolated bacteria present in the sisal juice. These were tested for antagonism to P. infestans using the principle of Bauer-Kirby technique. The isolate with most inhibition zone was submeted to fermentation in sterile sisal juice and was also tested for antagonism against P. infestans on tomato agar amended with the fermented broth. Finally, we performed the molecular characterization of isolates selected using the 16S rRNA gene ribosomal. We obtained a total of 41 isolates, eigth of which showed good growth inhibition in vitro of P. infestans. The M46 Isolate was selected for testing of antagonism in tomato agar plates amended with 200μl of fermented broth and reached a rate of 95,4% inhibition of growth of P. infestans. The M46 isolate was identified as Bacillus sp M46 with a percentage identity of 85% with Bacillus cereus. The strain of Bacillus sp. M46 has potential as a control agent for the pathogen P. infestans.
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, causa pérdidas considerables en todas las áreas donde se cultivan Solanáceas. Su manejo se realiza por métodos químicos, biológicos y tradicionalmente por los agricultores utilizando jugo de fique. Se aislaron bacterias presentes en el jugo de fique y se evaluó el antagonismo contra P. infestans empleando el principio de la técnica de Bauer–Kirbyel. Se seleccionó el aislado con mayor inhibición para realizar una fermentación en jugo de fique estéril y pruebas de antagonismo contra P. infestans en cajas de agar tomate enmendadas con caldo fermentado. Finalmente, se realizó la caracterización molecular del aislado seleccionado mediante la secuencia parcial del gen ribsomal 16S rRNA. Se obtuvo 41 aislados, de los cuales ocho presentaron inhibición del crecimiento In Vitro de P. infestans. Se seleccionó el aislado M46 para las pruebas de antagonismo en placas de agar tomate enmendadas con 200 µL de caldo fermentado y se alcanzó un porcentaje de inhibición del 95,4% del crecimiento de P. infestans. El aislado M46 se identificó como Bacillus sp con un porcentaje de identidad del 85% con B. cereus. La cepa de Bacillus sp M46 tiene potencial como agente de control para el patógeno P. infestans.
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