Nelle grammatiche, alla punteggiatura italiana contemporanea di registro medio-alto viene caratteristicamente attribuito un fondamento sintattico e/o prosodico. L’obiettivo di questo intervento ...consiste nel mostrare che né l’uno né l’altro punto di vista sono adeguati. La funzione della punteggiatura italiana è oggi comunicativa: consiste nel contribuire a definire il contenuto semantico-pragmatico del testo e la sua architettura (le sue diverse unità e le loro connessioni). Questa ipotesi sarà illustrata dapprima ragionando sulla virgola – di cui mi sono già occupata in altre sedi – e poi – con osservazioni del tutto nuove – sul punto e virgola. Riguardo a quest’ultimo, mostrerò come esso sia utilizzato da una parte per articolare l’Enunciato in una sequenza di Unità Informative nucleari collocate sullo stesso piano gerarchico; e dall’altra per accorpare Enunciati semanticamente correlativi o per aggiungere al cotesto un Enunciato con portata logico-tematica locale.
The problem of a possible correspondence between punctuation and prosody is a long-standing one and has not been solved yet. To put it simply, we can say that, on the one side, grammars claim that ...there is a correspondence; on the other side, essays express an opposite point of view, claiming that punctuation is for the eye, not for the ear. Focusing on the comma, through an empirical investigation and drawing on a previous study (Autore et al. in press), I will show, first of all, that a relation – albeit complex – may be found, and that some aspects of the relation need to be distinguished. As for the global prosodic structure of the Utterance, the relation is very loose and must be considered as indirect, under-specified and partial. As for the specific phonemic point where the comma appears, a more direct and regular relation may be observed, because whenever a comma is used, there is (nearly always) a non-terminal prosodic break. Yet there is no silent pause, contrary to what grammars claim; and, above all, the opposite relation does not hold true, because there are several non-terminal prosodic breaks without a comma, which can be easily explained.
L’articolo propone un’analisi conversazionale, testuale, argomentativa e linguistica dell’espressione del disaccordo nelle pagine Facebook di quattro politici della Svizzera italiana. L’analisi si ...divide in due parti, in funzione del destinatario a cui è rivolto il disaccordo: la prima è dedicata allo studio dei modi in cui i cittadini lo esprimono direttamente nei confronti del politico; la seconda affronta lo scontro tra i cittadini stessi. L’analisi è condotta tenendo sullo sfondo un’articolata tipologia del disaccordo, elaborata a partire da studi di analisi conversazionale e socio-pragmatica come Pomerantz (1984), Muntigl/Turnbull (1998), Langlotz/Locher (2012): essa distingue anzitutto il disaccordo rivolto verso la persona da quello rivolto verso il contenuto del messaggio; la seconda classe comprende a sua volta il disaccordo forte, espresso in maniera diretta, e il disaccordo debole, variamente modalizzato; il disaccordo forte può infine essere argomentato o non argomentato. The paper presents a conversational, textual, argumentative, and linguistic analysis of the expression of disagreement on the Facebook pages of four Swiss-Italian politicians. The analysis is divided into two parts, according to the target against which disagreement is directed. The first part focuses on the ways in which citizens express disagreement towards the politician, while the second part deals with the clash between citizens themselves. The analysis considers an articulated typology of disagreement, developed on the basis of conversational and socio-pragmatic studies such as Pomerantz (1984), Muntigl/Turnbull (1998), Langlotz/Locher (2012). The typology distinguishes, first of all, between a disagreement that is directed towards the individual and one that is directed towards the content of the message; the latter class includes strong disagreement, that is directly contrastive, and weak disagreement, that is mitigated in several ways; finally, strong disagreement can be argumentative or non-argumentative.
Stainless steel (SS) and carbon-coated (CC) stents were randomly compared in 347 patients (520 lesions). No differences were observed in in-hospital major adverse cardiac events: 2.8% in the CC group ...and 4.5% in the SS group (p = 0.286). The 6-month follow-up showed similar rates of binary restenosis (31.8% in the CC group vs 35.9% in the SS group; p = 0.448) and of cumulative major adverse cardiac events (30.5% in the CC group vs 32.7% in the SS group; p = 0.675). In unselected patients and lesions, carbon coating does not provide significant improvements over SS stents with the same design.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background and objectives: Whether the intensity of the conditioning regimen affects febrile neutropenia (FN) and severe bacterial infections (SBIs) is not well established. We analyzed the risk ...factors (RFs) for the development of FN and SBI in the first 100 d post‐transplant in 195 consecutive adult recipients of a reduced‐intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIC‐allo). Materials and methods: The RIC regimens consisted of fludarabine plus melphalan (62%) or busulphan (38%) (FluMel or FluBu). SBIs include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. Results: FN occurred in 141 patients (72%), always in the first 30 d post‐allo‐RIC. However, a SBI occurred in only 27 patients (14%) during this early post‐transplant period (<day +30), while 29 evaluable patients (15%) developed a SBI in the intermediate post‐transplant period (days +31 to +100). In multivariate analysis, RFs for the development of FN included onset of neutropenia before day +5 after allo‐RIC (P < 0.02) and NCI CTC grade III–IV mucosal damage in the first 10 d post‐transplantation (P = 0.03). RFs identified to SBI by multivariate analysis included corticosteroid therapy before day +100 (P < 0.01), mycophenolate mofetil‐based graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (P < 0.01), and previous SBI before day +30 (P < 0.01). The rate of SBI from day +30 to +100 varied according to the number of RFs; thus, the rate of SBI was 1% in patients without any RF, 17% in patients with one RF, 29% with one RFs, and 53% in those with all three RFs. Conclusions: After an RIC‐allo, FN and early SBI occurred mostly in patients with severe mucositis and early‐onset neutropenia, while postengraftment high‐dose steroid therapy for acute GVHD was the major RF.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This volume presents the results of a research focusing on the quality of Swiss institutional communication in Italian during the Covid-19 pandemic, with a focus on the Cantons of Ticino and Grisons. ...After some introductory notes by Ticino's political authorities directly involved in the communication to citizens, the volume is divided into three thematic sections. The first, dedicated to regulatory texts, addresses with two contributions the language of federal and Ticino Covid-19 legislation. The second section focuses on clarity of texts with information purposes (FAQs, press releases, fact sheets), also taking into consideration easy-to-read texts produced by Pro Infirmis. The third section explores, on the one hand, the language of institutional social media in Ticino and Grisons used by authorities during the emergency; on the other hand, it tackles the way the pandemic was reported in newspapers and on television.
Grammars typically describe high-register punctuation in modern Italian as being based on syntax and/or on prosody. The aim of this paper is to show that neither point of view is adequate. ...Punctuation in modern Italian has a communicative function and contributes to the definition of the semantic-pragmatic content and architecture of the text (i.e. the different textual units and the connections between them). This hypothesis will be illustrated with regard to the comma – which I have already dealt with in previous work – and to the semicolon – providing new findings. As for the semicolon, I will show that it has two main uses: on the one hand, it is used to articulate Utterances in a sequence of nuclear Information Units which belong to the same hierarchical level; on the other hand, it is used to join semantically correlative Utterances or to add an Utterance with a local logic and thematic scope to the co-text.
Abstrakt
Nelle grammatiche, alla punteggiatura italiana contemporanea di registro medio-alto viene caratteristicamente attribuito un fondamento sintattico e/o prosodico. L’obiettivo di questo ...intervento consiste nel mostrare che né l’uno né l’altro punto di vista sono adeguati. La funzione della punteggiatura italiana è oggi comunicativa: consiste nel contribuire a definire il contenuto semantico-pragmatico del testo e la sua architettura (le sue diverse unità e le loro connessioni). Questa ipotesi sarà illustrata dapprima ragionando sulla virgola – di cui mi sono già occupata in altre sedi – e poi – con osservazioni del tutto nuove – sul punto e virgola. Riguardo a quest’ultimo, mostrerò come esso sia utilizzato da una parte per articolare l’Enunciato in una sequenza di Unità Informative nucleari collocate sullo stesso piano gerarchico; e dall’altra per accorpare Enunciati semanticamente correlativi o per aggiungere al cotesto un Enunciato con portata logico-tematica locale.
Podstawy komunikacyjne interpunkcji włoskiej: przypadek przecinka i średnika
Według gramatyk współczesna interpunkcja włoska w rejestrze średnio-wysokim opiera się na składni i/lub prozodii. Celem tego artykułu jest wykazanie, że ani jeden, ani drugi punkt widzenia nie jest właściwy. Funkcja włoskiej interpunkcji jest obecnie komunikatywna: przyczynia się do określenia treści semantyczno-pragmatycznej tekstu oraz jego architektury (rozumianej jako różne jego części i ich związki). Ta hipoteza zostanie najpierw zilustrowana rozważaniami na temat przecinka – którym się zajmowałam już w innych miejscach – a następnie – przedstawiając całkiem nowe spostrzeżenia – na temat średnika. Odnośnie tego ostatniego wykażę, w jaki sposób jest on używany z jednej strony by rozczłonkować Wypowiedź na szereg Jednostek Informacyjnych jądrowych znajdujących się w hierarchii na tym samym poziomie, a z drugiej by połączyć Wypowiedzi semantycznie skorelowane lub by dołączyć Wypowiedź o lokalnym zasięgu logiczno-tematycznym.
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