O parkinsonismo é um distúrbio do sistema nervoso de maior incidência masculina do que feminina, visto que, por mecanismos fisiológicos, o estrogênio possui efeitos neuroprotetores, com funções como ...aumento da dopamina, um neurotransmissor essencial para o controle das funções motoras. Além disso, previne a formação dos corpúsculos de Lewy e da agregação da α-sinucleína, responsáveis pela progressão da Doença de Parkinson. Por isso, a doença se apresenta diferentemente nas mulheres. A remoção cirúrgica de ambos os ovários em mulheres na pré-menopausa para a prevenção do câncer de ovário parece favorecer o surgimento da doença, tendo em vista a perda da produção do hormônio protetor. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é analisar a associação entre a ooforectomia bilateral precoce e o desenvolvimento de parkinsonismo e Doença de Parkinson em mulheres na pré-menopausa. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, do tipo quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas do PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library como bases de dados para seleção dos artigos, todos na língua inglesa. Foram utilizadas literaturas publicadas com recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. De acordo com as literaturas analisadas, a ooforectomia bilateral precoce em mulheres na pré-menopausa aumenta o risco do desenvolvimento de parkinsonismo. Desse modo, a diminuição dos procedimentos cirúrgicos profiláticos para câncer de ovário nas pacientes com risco médio de malignidade reduziria o risco dessa condição.
O transtorno dismórfico corporal (TDC) é um transtorno psiquiátrico caracterizado pela preocupação excessiva e distorcida com a aparência física. Na especialidade da cirurgia plástica, é comum que ...pacientes busquem procedimentos estéticos para corrigir supostas imperfeições corporais decorrentes do TDC. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é avaliar a prevalência do TDC em pacientes candidatos e/ou submetidos a procedimentos estéticos na especialidade da cirurgia plástica. Foram selecionados estudos que abordam a prevalência do TDC em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos estéticos, publicados entre 2010 e 2022. Os resultados indicam uma prevalência elevada de TDC em pacientes que buscam procedimentos estéticos na cirurgia plástica. A revisão também destaca a importância da avaliação psicológica pré-operatória e do tratamento adequado para pacientes com TDC ou outras condições mentais que possam interferir no resultado da cirurgia e na satisfação do paciente. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar envolvendo cirurgiões plásticos e profissionais de saúde mental é fundamental para garantir a segurança e a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos a procedimentos estéticos.
Economic recessions carry an impact on population health and access to care; less is known on how health systems adapt to the conditions brought by a downturn. This particularly matters now that the ...COVID-19 epidemic is putting health systems under stress. Brazil is one of the world's most affected countries, and its health system was already experiencing the aftermath of the 2015 recession.
Between 2018 and 2019 we conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with health practitioners, managers and policy-makers to explore the impact of the 2015 recession on public and private providers in prosperous (São Paulo) and impoverished (Maranhão) states in Brazil. Thematic analysis was employed to identify drivers and consequences of system adaptation and coping strategies. Nvivo software was used to aid data collection and analysis. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research to provide an account of the findings.
We found the concept of 'health sector crisis' to be politically charged among healthcare providers in São Paulo and Maranhão. Contrary to expectations, the public sector was reported to have found ways to compensate for diminishing federal funding, having outsourced services and adopted flexible-if insecure-working arrangements. Following a drop in employment and health plans, private health insurance companies have streamlined their offer, at times at the expenses of coverage. Low-cost walk-in clinics were hit hard by the recession, but were also credited for having moved to cater for higher-income customers in Maranhão.
The 'plates' of a health system may shift and adjust in unexpected ways in response to recessions, and some of these changes might outlast the crisis. As low-income countries enter post-COVID economic recessions, it will be important to monitor the adjustments taking place in health systems, to ensure that past gains in access to care and job security are not eroded.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The use of biological templates for the suitable growth of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and “neo-tissue” construction has exponentially increased over the last years. The ...bioengineered scaffolds still have a prominent and biocompatible framework playing a role in tissue regeneration. In order to supply AD-MSCs, biomaterials, as the stem cell niche, are more often supplemented by or stimulate molecular signals that allow differentiation events into several strains, besides their secretion of cytokines and effects of immunomodulation. This systematic review aims to highlight the details of the integration of several types of biomaterials used in association with AD-MSCs, collecting notorious and basic data of in vitro and in vivo assays, taking into account the relevance of the interference of the cell lineage origin and handling cell line protocols for both the replacement and repairing of damaged tissues or organs in clinical application. Our group analyzed the quality and results of the 98 articles selected from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 97% of the articles retrieved demonstrated the potential in clinical applications. The synthetic polymers were the most used biomaterials associated with AD-MSCs and almost half of the selected articles were applied on bone regeneration.
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This study aims to analyze the pressure on the Brazilian health system from the additional demand created by COVID-19. The authors performed a series of simulations to estimate the demand for ...hospital beds (health micro-regions) as well as to ICU beds, and mechanical ventilators (health macro-regions) under different scenarios of intensity (infection rates equivalent to 0.01, 0.1, and 1 case por 100 inhabitants) and time horizons (1, 3, and 6 months). The results reveal a critical situation in the system for meeting this potential demand, with numerous health micro-regions and macro-regions operating beyond their capacity, compromising the care for patients, especially those with more severe symptoms. The study presents three relevant messages. First, it is necessary to slow the spread of COVID-19 in the Brazilian population, allowing more time for the reorganization of the supply and relieve the pressure on the health system. Second, the expansion of the number of available beds will be the key. Even if the private sector helps offset the deficit, the combined supply from the two sectors (public and private) would be insufficient in various macro-regions. The construction of field hospitals is important, both in places with a history of "hospital deserts" and in those already pressured by demand. The third message involves the regionalized organization of health services, whose design may be adequate in situations of routine demand, but which suffer additional challenges during pandemics, especially if patients have to travel long distances to receive care.
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in domestic animals has been related to close contact with humans diagnosed with COVID-19. Objectives: To assess the exposure, infection, and persistence by SARS-CoV-2 of dogs ...and cats living in the same households of humans that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and to investigate clinical and laboratory alterations associated with animal infection.
Animals living with COVID-19 patients were longitudinally followed and had nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal and rectal swabs collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis, and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) to investigate specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Between May and October 2020, 39 pets (29 dogs and 10 cats) of 21 patients were investigated. Nine dogs (31%) and four cats (40%) from 10 (47.6%) households were infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Animals tested positive from 11 to 51 days after the human index COVID-19 case onset of symptoms. Three dogs tested positive twice within 14, 30, and 31 days apart. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (3.4%) and two cats (20%). In this study, six out of thirteen animals either infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 have developed mild but reversible signs of the disease. Using logistic regression analysis, neutering, and sharing bed with the ill owner were associated with pet infection.
The presence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified in dogs and cats from households with human COVID-19 cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. People with COVID-19 should avoid close contact with their pets during the time of their illness.
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O tomate é uma hortaliça que se destaca entre as demais por ser uma das mais consumidas e industrializadas. Dentre as tecnologias para aumento da produtividade das culturas se destaca o tratamento de ...sementes com fungicidas e ou rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação conjunta de fungicida e rizobactérias na germinação e no vigor de sementes de tomate. Os ensaios foram montados em DIC em esquema fatorial 10 x 2 + 1 (10 rizobactérias, com ou sem fungicida e tratamento adicional: apenas fungicida), com quatro repetições. As seguintes características foram avaliadas: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), emergência de plântulas e envelhecimento acelerado. De maneira geral, o tratamento de sementes com rizobactérias estimula a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de tomate. As rizobactérias Paenibacillus lentimorbus-69 e Bacillus subtilis-34 mostraram-se compatíveis com o fungicida favorecendo a germinação e o vigor das sementes em relação ao tratamento com fungicida.
The Joanes River is located in the northeast of Brazil, crosses the Camaçari Petrochemical Complex, the largest integrated industrial complex in the Southern Hemisphere, which has over 90 companies ...in the chemical and petrochemical industry. The present study aims to evaluate spatial distribution, seasonal variation and identify possible sources of trace metal contamination in surface water samples of the Joanes River. Samples were collected in the dry (December 2018) and rainy (August 2019) seasons. Analysis of trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn and Pb) were performed by ICP-MS. A total of 60 water samples were obtained. Samples were analyzed using exploratory techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). It was possible to characterize the samples according to the seasonal variation. The formation of two groups was observed. Among these, samples from the rainy season presented the higher levels of metals in relation to the samples of the dry season. Natural and anthropic sources of metal contamination were identified using CA. Similarity was shown in the relationship between the metals As–Pb and Ni–Cd–Cr–Cu in the dry season, and Cd–Ni and Pb–As–Cr–Cu in the rainy season. Dermal absorption (HQderm) and ingestion hazard quotients (HQing) routes exhibited values of less than one for all the elements analyzed for adults and children, in both rainy and dry seasons. This indicated that the pollutants analyzed posed little or no health risk over a lifetime of exposure. According to international guidelines (US EPA), the values of Cu, Pb and Cr were above the limit established.
•First evaluation of trace metals pollution in Joanes River water were conducted.•In this region that concentrates the Brazil's largest industry complex.•The CA and PCA analyses were effective to identify the water pollution sources.•CA suggested that As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni and Pb were mainly anthropogenic sources.•As showed the highest values for HQing for adults in the dry and rainy periods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We report the synthesis of twelve indole derivatives bearing nitro or amide groups via Fischer indole methodology followed by reduction/acetylation and amidation reactions. After thorough ...characterization, these indoles were subjected to a number of studies in order to evaluate their bioactive potential as photosynthesis and plant growth inhibitors. Firstly, these molecular hybrids were evaluated as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors through chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence measurement. In this study, 6‐chloro‐8‐nitro‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole (15a) and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole (15b) showed the best results by reducing the phenomenological parameters of reaction centers ABS/RC, TR0/RC and ET0/RC of PSII. Electron chain blockage by these compounds may lead to diminished ATP synthesis and CO2 fixation which interrupt the plant development. The compounds 15a and 15b both act as postemergent herbicides, reducing the dry biomass of Ipomoea grandifolia and Senna alata weeds by an average of 40% and 37%, respectively, corroborating the fluorescence results. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the presence of strong electron‐withdrawing groups at the indole phenyl ring is important for the ligand’s interaction with the binding pocket of protein D1 on PSII. The optimization of these molecular features is the goal of our research group in further understanding and development of new potent herbicides.
This work reports the synthesis of indole nitrogen hybrids and their bioactive potential as photosystem inhibitors. The molecular hybrids were evaluated as photosystem II inhibitors through chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and plant growth inhibitors. Compounds 6‐Chloro‐8‐nitro‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole showed the best results by reducing the phenomenological parameters of the reaction center, diminishing ATP synthesis and CO2 fixation which interrupt the plant development. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the presence of strong electron withdrawing groups at the indole phenyl ring are important for the ligands’ interaction with the binding pocked of protein D1.
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