Within the Polish labor market, immigration—along with flexibility, globalization, and mobility—has increased in importance. Because of the many cultural and historical similarities to Poland, as ...well as geographical proximity, Ukrainians play a very important role. They mostly take on the unattractive (from the point of view of the local worker) work-world positions: ones that are low paying, temporary, and offer insecure and uncertain lengths of employment. Using two in-depth case studies on Ukrainian migrant workers employed in diverse Polish industries, we answer the question of whether Ukrainian citizens working in Poland (economic migrants) are precarious workers in light of Vosko’s and Duell’s concepts of precariat.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the study was to investigate the factors affecting life satisfaction with reference to particular reports from both partners in the relationship. The study was conducted within a group of ...500 heterosexual couples. The accuracy of the actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) which offer in-depth insights into the dyadic relationships between female and male partners were estimated. The results of the chi-square test enabled us to reject the hypothesis of actor indistinguishability, therefore the model proposing distinguishability with respect to gender was explored further. The results suggest that women's credit management behavior patterns predict changes in her assessment of well-being. Moreover, the financial behavior patterns of women have an impact on the assessment of well-being as reported by their male partners. Moreover, shared goals and values turned out to be significant with regard to the assessment of quality of life for both women and men. The obtained results provide an insight into the difficulties experienced within relationships and indicate the importance of the roles assumed in various areas of financial management.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The global rise in migration has captured academic attention and spurred discussions around migrants—their living and working conditions, status, relations with the host community, future plans, etc. ...A significant stream of research explores migrants’ problems using the concept of precariousness. However, such research often becomes complicated as arrivals do not fit the frame of precariousness characterising the host society. Migrants encounter numerous problems, such as access to benefits and pensions, minimal wages, work permits or security and safety, but they do not complain or assess their personal situation as precarious. Based on fifteen in-depth interviews with Ukrainians working in Poland, this paper presents and discusses the problem of latent precariousness as a challenge to such qualitative methods as the in-depth interview. Social comparison theory has been used to explain critical problems related to the extent of precariousness among migrants.
Precise analysis of the genetic expression and functioning of proteins requires experimental approaches that, among others, enable tight control of gene expression at the transcriptional level. ...Doxycycline-induced Tet-On/Tet-Off expression systems provide such an opportunity, and are frequently used to regulate the activity of genes in eukaryotic cells. Since its development, the Tet-system has evolved tight gene control in mammalian cells; however, some challenges are still unaddressed. In the current set up, the establishment of the standard Tet-based system in target cells is time-consuming and laborious and has been shown to be inefficient, especially in a long-term perspective. In this work, we present an optimized inducible expression system, which enables rapid generation of doxycycline-responsive cells according to a one- or two-step protocol. The reported modifications of the Tet-On system expand the toolbox for regulated mammalian gene expression and provide high, stable, and homogenous expression of the Tet-On3G transactivator, which is of fundamental importance in the regulation of transgenes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gliomas are the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system. One of the factors in their high drug resistance is avoiding programmed death (PCD) induction. This is related to the ...overexpression of intracellular survival pathways: PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK. Apoptosis and autophagy are co-existing processes due to the interactions between Bcl-2 and beclin-1 proteins. Their complex may be a molecular "toggle-switch" between PCD types. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex in glioma cell elimination through the combined action of LY294002 and sorafenib.
Drug cytotoxicity was estimated with an MTT test. The type of cell death was evaluated using variant microscopy techniques (fluorochrome staining, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy), as well as the Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation and protein localization. Molecular analysis of PCD indicators was conducted through immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA testing. SiRNA was used to block Bcl-2 and beclin-1 expression.
The results showed the inhibitors used in simultaneous application resulted in Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation and apoptosis becoming dominant. This was accompanied by changes in the location of the tested proteins.
"Switching" between apoptosis and autophagy using PI3K and Raf inhibitors with Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation opens new therapeutic perspectives against gliomas.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pośród wielu zmian społeczno-kulturowych, do których prowadzą procesy cyfryzacji, warto zwrócić uwagę na nowe formy dzielenia się zapośredniczone lub zorganizowane wokół mediów społecznościowych. Od ...praktyki regulowanej złożonym systemem wzajemnych zobowiązań oraz oczekiwań (moralność grupowa), dzielenie się dryfuje w kierunku aktywności stymulowanej algorytmicznie, której istotą nie jest przetrwanie, ale uzależnienie, sprzedaż lub chęć pokazania się. Mimo technologicznie stymulowanych przemian dzielenie się pozostaje jedną z najważniejszych (kotwiczących) praktyk uspołeczniających, zapewniających trwanie społeczeństwom po-nowoczesnym. W odróżnieniu od epoki przedinternetowej, proces włączania jednostek do szerszych całości społecznych poprzez dzielenie się zorganizowany jest jednak wokół nowych wzorców, nowych podzielanych znaczeń, alternatywnych sposobów rozumienia i objaśniania świata. W dynamicznie zmieniającym się układzie powiązań społecznych, media społecznościowe stały się ważnym źródłem sensów, trwałym punktem odniesienia, który pozwala wielu użytkownikom uzyskać czasowe choćby panowanie nad płynną rzeczywistością. Stabilność będącą efektem przebywania jednostek w mniej lub bardziej trwałych układach współzależności coraz częściej zapewnia praktyka dzielenia się, bez której media społecznościowe nie mogłyby istnieć.
Dzielenie się jest praktyką społeczną, która ulega wielowymiarowym przekształceniom stymulowanym zagęszczaniem się aktywności ludzkiej w mediach społecznościowych. Wraz z rozwojem nowych form ...komunikacji zmieniają się znaczenia, sensy, schematy, wartości, reguły, podmioty oraz zasoby będące przedmiotem dzielenia się. Wpływ na kształt dzielenia się mają relacje społeczne i wynikające z nich korzyści w postaci zasobów materialnych oraz niematerialnych (kapitał społeczny). Celem artykułu jest analiza wybranych czynników (kapitał społeczny, postawy konsumpcyjne oraz ekologiczne), które mogą wpływać na wybór jednej z dwóch najczęściej spotykanych form dzielenia się: (i) za darmo oraz (ii) dla zysku. Wyniki niniejszych badań (CAWI, N 1508) sugerują, że „zasoby zakorzenione” mają pozytywny wpływ na dwie analizowane formy dzielenia się, zaś „zasoby mobilizowalne” negatywnie oddziałują na dzielenie się dla zysku. Dzielenie się dla zysku jest stymulowane przez postawy konsumpcjonistyczne, a postawy ekologiczne mają pozytywny wpływ na dzielenie się za darmo.
Professional advice can be perceived as a means to tackle shortcomings in the objectively measured financial literacy of consumers. However, most studies suggest that less financially literate ...individuals are less likely to seek experts’ financial advice. At the same time, it has been shown that financial confidence – or subjectively perceived financial literacy – is positively correlated with the propensity to request such professional advice. This study examines these puzzling effects in a sample of 1,055 Facebook users in Poland, and within an analytical framework that allows control of the potential endogeneity of financial literacy to professional advice. A series of regressions applied to the results of our survey showed that objective debt literacy – a little-studied aspect of financial literacy – was insignificant in explaining advice-seeking behaviour, although the decisions to ask for advice were positively dependent on subjective debt literacy. Such outcomes prove that subjective financial literacy should be treated as a separate construct which can predict financial behaviour above and beyond predictions based on objective financial literacy. Our findings also suggest a positive role for social networks in inducing desired financial actions. We found that respondents having access to greater resources embedded in their social networks are more inclined to seek professional debt advice.
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CEKLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Sharing on social media has become a daily routine for millions of users worldwide. Sharing transforms the experience of international migration as it enables migrants to maintain social relations ...and adapt to a new socioeconomic environment. But what does the term “sharing” mean for migrants active on Facebook? What are the contemporary meanings of sharing encouraged by Facebook’s affordances? This paper explores individual sharing strategies on Facebook among Polish migrants in Germany and the UK. On the basis of the material collected through in-depth interviews (N=17) with Poles who have settled in Germany and the UK, it is proposed that the contemporary meaning of sharing has five dimensions: commercial, altruistic, social, connective and addictive. Different compositions of these dimensions can be found in most sharing practices on social media. Following a critique of commercial sharing on social media, it is further established that selling and other profit-driven activities are rather well recognized by the interviewees. However, some of them engage in commercial sharing with no direct selling intention. The article emphasizes that sharing practices help Polish migrants adapt to their bicultural reality in Germany and the UK
Sharing is a social practice that is undergoing multidimensional transformation stimulated by in- creasing human activity in social media. With the development of new forms of communication, the ...meanings, senses, schemas, values, rules, actors, and resources being shared are changing. The shape of sharing is influenced by social relations leading to material and non-material resources (social capital). The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors (social capital, consumption and environmental attitudes) that may influence the two forms of sharing: (i) for free, and (ii) for profit. The results of the this study (CAWI, N 1508) suggest that “embedded resources” have a positive effect on the two forms of sharing analyzed, while “mobilizable resources” have a negative effect on sharing for profit. Sharing for profit is stimulated by consumerism, while pro-environmental attitudes have a positive effect on sharing for free.
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