Accurate low temperature charge transport measurements in combination with high-precision x-ray diffraction experiments have allowed detection of the symmetry lowering in the single domain ...Tm0.19Yb0.81B12 crystals that belong to the family of dodecaborides with metal-insulator transition. Based on the fine structure analysis we discover the formation of dynamic charge stripes within the semiconducting matrix of Tm0.19Yb0.81B12. The charge dynamics in these conducting nano-size channels is characterized by broad-band optical spectroscopy that allowed estimating the frequency (~2.4 × 1011 Hz) of quantum motion of the charge carriers. It is suggested that cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in the boron sublattice is a cause of the large-amplitude rattling modes of the Tm and Yb ions responsible for the 'modulation' of the conduction band along one of the directions through the variation of 5d-2p hybridization of electron states.
SmB
is predicted to be the first member of the intersection of topological insulators and Kondo insulators, strongly correlated materials in which the Fermi level lies in the gap of a many-body ...resonance that forms by hybridization between localized and itinerant states. While robust, surface-only conductivity at low temperature and the observation of surface states at the expected high symmetry points appear to confirm this prediction, we find both surface states at the (100) surface to be topologically trivial. We find the Formula: see text state to appear Rashba split and explain the prominent Formula: see text state by a surface shift of the many-body resonance. We propose that the latter mechanism, which applies to several crystal terminations, can explain the unusual surface conductivity. While additional, as yet unobserved topological surface states cannot be excluded, our results show that a firm connection between the two material classes is still outstanding.
•Magnetic H-T and H-φ phase diagrams of ErB12 include a number of different AF states.•Angular MR and magnetization dependences are highly anisotropic at T < TN.•Dynamic charge stripes in RB12 play a ...key role in the formation of MR anisotropy.•Strong anisotropy in ErB12 is due to the destruction of the RKKY exchange interaction.
The nature of charge transport and magnetization anisotropy was investigated in the ErB12 antiferromagnetic metal with both cooperative Jahn-Teller distortions of the fcc crystal structure and electronic instability (dynamic charge stripes). A butterfly pattern of the H-φ magnetic phase diagram in the (1 1 0) plane was reconstructed, including a large number of different magnetic phases separated from each other by radial and circular boundaries. It is argued that fluctuations of electron density are responsible for the suppression of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) exchange between the nearest neighbored Er3+ ions located along the 〈110〉 directions producing the magnetic phase diversity in ErB12.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Heavy-fermion metals exhibit a plethora of low-temperature ordering phenomena . Among these are the so-called hidden-order phases that, in contrast to conventional magnetic order, are invisible to ...standard neutron diffraction experiments. One of the structurally most simple hidden-order compounds, CeB6, has been intensively studied for an elusive phase that was attributed to the antiferroquadrupolar ordering of cerium-4f moments . As the ground state of CeB6 is characterized by a more conventional antiferromagnetic (AFM) order , the low-temperature physics of this system has generally been assumed to be governed solely by AFM interactions between the dipolar and multipolar Ce moments . Here we overturn this established picture by observing an intense ferromagnetic (FM) low-energy collective mode that dominates the magnetic excitation spectrum of CeB6. Inelastic neutron-scattering data reveal that the intensity of this FM excitation significantly exceeds that of conventional spin-wave magnons emanating from the AFM wavevectors, thus placing CeB6 much closer to a FM instability than previously anticipated. This propensity for ferromagnetism may account for much of the unexplained behaviour of CeB6, and should lead to a re-examination of existing theories that have so far largely neglected the role of FM interactions.
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IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Randomness and frustration are believed to be two crucial criteria for the formation of spin glass state. However, the spin freezing occurs in some well-ordered crystals below the related ...temperature
T
f
due to the instability of each spin state, which induces the variation of either magnetic moment value or exchange energy. Here we explore the new mechanism of the in-site originated disorder in antiferromagnets Gd
0.73
La
0.27
B
6
and GdB
6
, which is caused by the random mutual shifts of Gd
3+
spins from the centrally symmetrical positions in the regular cubic lattice. The universal scaling of ESR linewidth temperature dependencies to the power law
ΔH
(
T
) ~ ((
T
−
T
D
)
/T
D
)
α
with
α
= − 1.1 ± 0.05 in the paramagnetic phase of both compounds demonstrates the identity of the origin of magnetic randomness. In Gd
0.73
La
0.27
B
6
the resulting random spin configurations freeze at
T
f
≈ 10.5 K where the maximum of magnetization is observed. Below
T
f
the splitting of ZFC and FC magnetization curves takes place as well as the magnetic state depends on the antecedent sample history. In the case of GdB
6
the coherent displacement of Gd ions compete with these random shifts forming an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase at
T
N
= 15.5 K, which prevails over the spin freezing at
T
f
≈ 13 K, expected from the ESR data. The observation of the hysteresis of the ESR spectrum in the AFM phase suggests that its properties may be determined by the competition of two types of AFM orders, which results in formation of stable magnetic domains with nonequivalent positions of AFM Gd pairs at
T
< 10 K.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Some heavy fermion materials show so-called hidden-order phases which are invisible to many characterization techniques and whose microscopic origin remained controversial for decades. Among such ...hidden-order compounds, CeB6 is of model character due to its simple electronic configuration and crystal structure. Apart from more conventional antiferromagnetism, it shows an elusive phase at low temperatures, which is commonly associated with multipolar order. Here we show that this phase roots in a Fermi surface instability. This conclusion is based on a full 3D tomographic sampling of the electronic structure by angle-resolved photoemission and comparison with inelastic neutron scattering data. The hidden order is mediated by itinerant electrons. Our measurements will serve as a paradigm for the investigation of hidden-order phases in f-electron systems, but also generally for situations where the itinerant electrons drive orbital or spin order.
The galvanomagnetic characteristics of SmB
6
single crystals are studied within the temperature range of 1.9‒3.6 K at different orientations of the crystal faces. As a result, the electrical ...resistivities of the surfaces corresponding to the (100), (110), (111), and (211) crystallographic planes are determined. It is shown that the effective parameters of charge carriers, which determine the surface conductivity in SmB
6
, depend both on the orientation of the surface and on the method of its processing. It is found that the etching of polished polar surfaces formed by (100) planes leads at 1.9 K to a decrease in the density and to an increase in the mobility of surface
n
-type charge carriers from 113/
a
2
and 1.12 cm
2
/(V s) to 0.76/
a
2
and 18 cm
2
/(V s), respectively (lattice parameter
a
≈ 4.134 Å). For etched nonpolar surfaces corresponding to the (110) and (111) planes, the maximum density of surface charge carriers (per unit area of the surface Brillouin zone) is found to increase by factors of 2.3 and 3.9, respectively. It is proposed to use this parameter as a simple criterion to identify the features of electron transport due to the nontrivial topology of the band structure of SmB
6
.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
Introducing of topological insulator concept for fluctuating valence compound – samarium hexaboride – has recently initiated a new round of studies aimed to clarify the nature of the ground ...state in this extraordinary system with strong electron correlations. Here we discuss the data of magnetic resonance in the pristine single crystals of SmB
6
measured in 60 GHz cavity experiments at temperatures 1.8–300 K. The microwave study as well as the DC resistivity and Hall effect measurements performed for the different states of SmB
6
110 surface prove definitely the existence of the layer with metallic conductivity increasing under lowering temperature below 5 K. Four lines with the g-factors g ≈ 2 are found to contribute to the ESR-like absorption spectrum that may be attributed to intrinsic paramagnetic centers on the sample’s surface, which are robust with respect to the surface treatment. The temperature dependence of integrated intensity
I
(
T
) for main paramagnetic signal is found to demonstrate anomalous critical behavior
I
(
T
) ~ (
T
*
−
T
)
ν
with characteristic temperature
T
*
= 5.34 ± 0.05 K and exponent ν = 0.38 ± 0.03 indicating possible magnetic transition at the SmB
6
110 surface. Additional resonant magnetoabsorption line, which may be associated with either donor-like defects or cyclotron resonance mode corresponding to the mass
m
c
~ 1.2
m
0
, is reported.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Seebeck effect in the crystalline samples of EuxYb1-xB6(x= 0, 0.082, 0.127, 0.9, 1) was investigated at temperatures 2-300 K. For all the compounds thermopower is shown to be well described by the ...sum of diffusion (Sd=AT) and phonon drag components. The latter contribution is induced by quasilocal (Einstein) modes of ytterbium and europium ions with characteristic temperatures ΘE(YbB6) ≈ 91 K and ΘE(EuB6) ≈ 122 K. The estimation of effective massm*of the charge carriers proves that increasing of Eu content induces crossover from 'heavy' holes withmh*(x⩽ 0.127) ≈ 0.3-0.36m0to 'light' electrons withme*(x⩾ 0.9) ≈ 0.12-0.13m0(m0-free electron mass). For the Eu-rich compounds we propose the existence of additional point on the phase diagram, which corresponds to short-range magnetic order with enhanced spin fluctuations preceding the stabilization of magnetic polarons.
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