•The behavior of freight carriers and an Urban Consolidation Center were modeled using a Multi-Agent model.•The MAS-ADP based RL is superior in replicating the potential actions of the agents under ...uncertain environment.•The accurate decision could optimize the objective of the agents and reduce the environmental emissions in city logistics.
The effects of city logistics solutions are uncertain due to fluctuating demand, parking issues and multiple agents within the system. This research modelled the behavior of freight carriers and an Urban Consolidation Center (UCC) operator using Multi-Agent Simulation-Adaptive Dynamic Programming based Reinforcement Learning (MAS-ADP based RL) to evaluate a Joint Delivery Systems in an uncertain environment. The MAS-ADP based RL is superior to MAS-Q-learning in replicating the potential actions of the agents under uncertain environment by adapting to the changing environment properly into accurate decisions thus increasing the accuracy of agent’s decision making and eventually reducing environmental emissions as well.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
The interior of a star consists of the convection region and radiation. The energy transfer process in the convection region and radiation is different which indicates the energy transfer ...process in the star. The energy transfer is affected by the density of the star. The radiation energy transfer equation with non-homogeneous density has been formulated. The density of a non-homogeneous star is the density that only depends on the distance. It has been obtained the formulation of an energy transfer equation in radiation with a non-homogeneous density in the form of a star temperature gradient. This equation is obtained by formulating the relationship between the specific intensity of the beam, the flux, and the luminosity of the star. The density of a non-homogeneous star affects the luminosity and flux of the star. Meanwhile, the star temperature gradient equation does not depend on the density of non-homogeneous stars.
The discourse of this study is about Living Together Between Religious People with a discussion of the creation of brotherhood between religions and Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil alamin. This ...research was conducted in order to reveal the existence of togetherness between religious communities assisted by a qualitative approach with the type of library research and the analytical method using the content-analytical type, which is complemented by the sociological theory of knowledge according to Karl Manheim. The result of this study is that togetherness between religious communities in the fabric of brotherhood, both among people within religions and people between other religions, has a different concept of brotherhood, but the goal of achieving it is the same, namely to achieve a life of peace and prosperity. Although it can't be denied that conflict will always exist, minimizing it by maintaining togetherness between religious communities is a very wise choice. Then Islam as a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin makes brotherhood a pillar of the creation of unity and unity between religious communities, and in Islam itself, living side by side with interfaith has existed since the beginning of Islam, namely at the time of Prophet Muhammad, and continue until this day.
Abstract
Modelling of transport mode choice preferencehas beencurrently regarded essential to identify the preference of transport agents towards a transport policy. This research proposes a model of ...the freight mode choice preference by using Stated Preference Methods for the data collection from industrial freight shippers in Gresik, Indonesia. This research examines how truck as an existing mode and rail as a sustainable mode alternative compete for goods movement. As the common feature of discrete choice models, the Binary Logit was utilized to analyze the data. The sensitivity of mode preferences was investigated by changing the shipping cost and hauling time. The results indicated that the respondents were sensitive to haul time and shipping cost. When the shipping cost and hauling time was similar, the probability of choosing a truck was 77%. However, the industrial freight shippers changed the preference when the truck’s shipping cost and haul time was higher than that in the train. The train had a 65% choosing probability when the cost difference was IDR 500,000 lower and the hauling time difference was two days faster than the truck. This study assisted the policymakers to correctly design the variables of shipping cost and hauling time for the future sustainable inland transportation based on freight shipper’s preferences.
This article aims to look at the discourse on the modern-contemporary interpretation methodology in Indonesia. The exegesis methodology is needed by the commentators to understand deeply the contents ...of the al-Qur’an according to the interpretation rules. Likewise, in exegesis works in Indonesia, the use of its methodology in this modern period is more advanced than the previous periods, collaborated with the variety of exegetical methods to answer the challenges of the new era. Some methods of interpretation, according to the author, are relevant to develop, especially the thematic method that can be collaborated with other approach and style.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dampak penggunaan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin pada model Learning Cycle 5E. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen menggunakan desain kelas ...ekperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan pemberian tes awal dan tes akhir. Sampel diambil sebanyak dua kelas melalui metode purposive sampling sebanyak 35 peserta didik pada kelas kontrol dan 35 peserta didik pada kelas kontrol. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan intrumen tes penguasaan konsep dan dampaknya dianalisis menggunakan effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada kelas eksperiman berada pada kategori sedang, yaitu sebesar 0,4 yang artinya 18% penguasaan konsep peserta didik dipengaruhi oleh model Learning Cycle 5E berbantuan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin, sedangkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada kelas kontrol berada pada kategori rendah, yaitu sebesar 0,1 yang berarti model Learning Cycle 5E tanpa berbantuan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin hanya berpengaruh sebesar 1%. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan monopoli fisika berpoin pada model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E berpengaruh positif terhadapa penguasaan konsep fisika peserta didik.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dampak penggunaan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin pada model Learning Cycle 5E. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen menggunakan desain kelas ...ekperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan pemberian tes awal dan tes akhir. Sampel diambil sebanyak dua kelas melalui metode purposive sampling sebanyak 35 peserta didik pada kelas kontrol dan 35 peserta didik pada kelas kontrol. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan intrumen tes penguasaan konsep dan dampaknya dianalisis menggunakan effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada kelas eksperiman berada pada kategori sedang, yaitu sebesar 0,4 yang artinya 18% penguasaan konsep peserta didik dipengaruhi oleh model Learning Cycle 5E berbantuan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin, sedangkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada kelas kontrol berada pada kategori rendah, yaitu sebesar 0,1 yang berarti model Learning Cycle 5E tanpa berbantuan permainan monopoli fisika berpoin hanya berpengaruh sebesar 1%. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan monopoli fisika berpoin pada model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E berpengaruh positif terhadapa penguasaan konsep fisika peserta didik.
Diskursus dalam penelitian ini berupa ideologi bencana dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an, yang terfokus pada pembahasan kata fitnah dalam QS. Al-Anbiya 21:35. Tujuan dari penelitian ini berupa upaya untuk ...menemukan kredibilitas makna dan eksistensi kata fitnah dalam al-Qur'an dengan bingkai teologi bencana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian Library Research, dengan pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi dan analisis data berupa metode tematik karena tidak semua ayat yang digunakan oleh penulis. Ditambah dengan teori hermeneutika ma’na-cum-maghza, yang dilengkapi dengan triangulasi sumber sebagai keabsahan datanya. Hasil penelitian ini yang terbingkai dalam teologi bencana terhadap kata fitnah pada QS. Al-Anbiya 21:35 memiliki artian sebagai suatu bencana bagi setiap individu maupun kelompok dan eksistensi kata fitnah memiliki dua pembagian yakni keburukan dan kebaikan, serta suatu kematian dan ujian kehidupan merupakan keniscayaan yang pasti akan terjadi, hal tersebut juga sebagai cobaan dari ujian iman. Penafsiran QS. Al-Anbiya 21:35 dengan ma’na-cum-maghza, juga beimplikasi pada kajian tafsir kontemporer dan dapat mempengarui mindset masyarakat terhadap pemaknaan maupun pengucapan kata fitnah.
Background: The global logistics industry is facing looming challenges related to labor shortages and low-efficiency problems due to the lack of logistics facilities and resources, resulting in ...increased logistics delays. The Physical Internet is seen as a way to take logistics into the next generation of transformation. This research proposes a Physical Internet-enabled system that allows multiple companies to efficiently share warehouses and trucks to achieve operational efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. Methods: We propose a novel demography-weighted combinatorial optimization model utilizing a genetic algorithm and the Lin–Kernighan heuristic. The model is tested with real data simulations to evaluate its performance. Results: The results show that compared to the existing model presented in a previous study, our proposed model improves location optimality and distributive routing efficiency and reduces CO2 emissions by 54%. Conclusions: By providing a well-founded novel model, this research makes an important contribution to the implementation of the Physical Internet by computing optimal logistics hubs and routes as well as providing a solution to cut CO2 emissions by half.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pemikiran Muhammad Sa’īd Ramadhān al-Būthī terkait perempuan dan ajaran Islam yang dianggap diskriminatif terhadap perempuan. Adapun sejumlah ajaran Islam ...yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah hijab, kepemimpinan perempuan, hak waris, dan poligami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilandasi teori hermeneutika efektual dari Hans George Gadamer. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa: 1) Hijab tidak mengisolasi perempuan dari segala aktivitas kehidupannya. Namun pemahaman yang ekstrem terhadap QS. an-Nur: 31 lah yang menimbulkan gangguan pada perempuan yang berujung pada kemunduran Islam; 2) Kepemimpinan perempuan dibenarkan selama tidak sebagai kepala negara dengan syarat-syarat tertentu; 3) QS. an-Nisa: 11 (li adz-dzakar mitsl haẓẓi al-untsayayn) bukanlah kaidah umum dalam pembagian harta warisan. Kaidah tersebut hanya berlaku pada kondisi tertentu saja; 4) Poligami dipermasalahkan oleh aktivis feminisme Barat dikarenakan adanya perbedaan persepsi yang mendasar antara Islam dan Barat dalam memandang esensi dan konsep pernikahan dan zina; 5) Kesetaraan yang benar adalah kesetaraan yang tidak menyelisihi kodrat yang diberikan Tuhan pada manusia.
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