The filamins are cytoplasmic proteins that regulate the structure and activity of the cytoskeleton by cross-linking actin into three-dimensional networks, linking the cell membrane to the ...cytoskeleton and serving as scaffolds on which intracellular signaling and protein trafficking pathways are organized (reviewed in refs. 1,2). We identified mutations in the gene encoding filamin B in four human skeletal disorders. We found homozygosity or compound heterozygosity with respect to stop-codon mutations in autosomal recessive spondylocarpotarsal syndrome (SCT, OMIM 272460) and missense mutations in individuals with autosomal dominant Larsen syndrome (OMIM 150250) and the perinatal lethal atelosteogenesis I and III phenotypes (AOI, OMIM 108720; AOIII, OMIM 108721). We found that filamin B is expressed in human growth plate chondrocytes and in the developing vertebral bodies in the mouse. These data indicate an unexpected role in vertebral segmentation, joint formation and endochondral ossification for this ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This chapter provides an introduction to the major, freely available, Internet-accessible databases in human and medical genetics used by healthcare providers in the diagnosis, management, and ...genetic counseling of persons with inherited disorders and their families, as well as by researchers for gene discovery, recording allelic variants, and cataloging genotype-phenotype relationships. Databases discussed include: GeneTests (view: www.genetests.org); Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (view: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim); locus specific databases (LSDBs) identified at the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) web site (http://www.HGVS.org/dblist.html); DatabasE of Chromosome Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (view: http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk); Entrez Gene (view: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene); dbGap: Database of Genotype and Phenotype (view: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbgap); and the Human Gene Mutation Database HGMD ® (view: http://www.hgmd.org).
We have identified a girl with characteristic features of Rett syndrome (RTT) who carries a de novo balanced translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 7. Both breakpoints were mapped by fluorescence ...in situ hybridization with selected genomic clones from the regions of interest. Southern blot hybridisations, utilizing probes derived from breakpoint spanning BACs, detected several aberrant fragments specific for the patient. Sequence analysis of the cloned junction fragment indicated that on chromosome 1 the predominantly brain-expressed Netrin G1 (NTNG1) gene is disrupted, whereas on chromosome 7 there was no indication for a truncated gene. The chromosome 1 breakpoint lies within the 3' part of NTNG1 and affects alternatively spliced transcripts, suggesting that the phenotype in this patient is the result of disturbed NTNG1 expression. In silico translation of the NTNG1 splice variants predicted protein isoforms with different C-termini: one membrane bound through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and the other soluble. The membrane-bound protein isoform would be affected by the breakpoint, whereas the soluble form would remain intact. Our results suggest that the central nervous system is sensitive to NTNG1 expression levels and that NTNG1 is a novel candidate disease gene for RTT.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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