The drying processing of agglomerated instant coffee can change the quality of the product due to the production of volatile compounds associated with the undesirable cereal aroma. Using fractional ...factorial planning, this study aimed to understand how the processing parameters (burner temperature, BT; steam pressure, SP; process air flow, AF; and fluidized hot bed section, LT) influenced the volatile profiles. The BT, AF, and the interaction of these variables (BT*AF) have significant influence (p < 0.10) on cereal aroma intensity. Results from the principal component analysis showed that 4,5-dimethylthiazole, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol are related to the undesirable cereal aroma.
The agglomeration process of coffee affects the volatile compounds
Burner temperature and process air flow significantly interfere in the cereal aroma of coffee
The usage of intermediate parameters in the agglomeration process reduces the cereal aroma
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper we consider spherically symmetric general fluids with heat flux, motivated by causal thermodynamics, and give the appropriate set of conditions that define separating shells, defining ...the divide between expansion and collapse. To do so we add the new requirement that heat flux and its evolution vanish at the separating surface. We extend previous works with a fully nonlinear analysis in the 1 + 3 splitting and present gauge-invariant results. The definition of the separating surface is inspired by the conservation of the Misner-Sharp mass and is obtained by generalizing the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equilibrium and turnaround conditions. We emphasize the nonlocal character of these conditions as found in previous works and discuss connections to the phenomena of spacetime cracking and thermal peeling.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
In this paper we consider spherically symmetric general fluids with heat flux, motivated by causal thermodynamics, and give the appropriate set of conditions that define separating shells defining ...the divide between expansion and collapse. To do so we add the new requirement that heat flux and its evolution vanish at the separating surface. We extend previous works with a fully nonlinear analysis in the 1+3 splitting, and present gauge-invariant results. The definition of the separating surface is inspired by the conservation of the Misner-Sharp mass, and is obtained by generalizing the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equilibrium and turnaround conditions. We emphasize the nonlocal character of these conditions as found in previous works and discuss connections to the phenomena of spacetime cracking and thermal peeling.
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