GMO production has been accompanied, in several countries, by a number of regulations that set mandatory requirements for GMO traceability and labelling in relation to a relative GMO content. ...Analytical methods have been developed to trace GMOs, including the taxon from which the GM crop originates. The latter are referred to as reference assays and taxon is preferred to species as several crops refer at subs‐species levels. This chapter examines the currently available reference assays and describes several bottlenecks raised by the required specificity and stability of these reference assays. It includes a proposal to establish a core collection of taxa until the issue of availability of accurate reference assays is solved.
About 25% of human tumors contain a mutated member of the ras gene family. Neutron exposure is an occupational risk in several work places and while we know that cells exposed to neutrons can become ...transformed, the molecular basis of this process is not understood. To determine whether neutron-induced cellular transformation involves ras mutation, C3H10T1/2 cells were exposed to a single dose of 5.9 MeV neutrons. Type II and type III foci were isolated and established as cell lines. A total of 34 foci were selected and expanded for analysis of tumorigenicity, chromosomal aberrations and mutations in members of the ras gene family. The presence of mutations in genomic DNA in N-ras or K-ras of each focus was examined by either single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis or by asymmetric PCR coupled cell cycle sequence analysis. Although chromosomal aberrations were detected at metaphase, no alterations in either ras gene were detected. We conclude that in vitro neutron-induced transformation must occur through a mechanism other than ras mutation.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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