A new species of Stolonivector (Lophocoleaceae) has been found from two separate sites in southern New Zealand. Stolonivector echioides has been assigned to this genus because it is has all the ...features of Stolonivector, namely the presence of stolons, a lack of secondary pigmentation, both lateral- and ventral-intercalary branching types, leafy branches that often become flagelliform, highly variable leaf apices on female shoots that are usually bifid towards the base of the stem becoming more shallowly bifid, retuse or entire towards the apex of the stem, and underleaves with apices that vary in the degree of division along the same stem ranging from undivided to deeply bifid. The most distinctive character that distinguishes this species from others in the genus is the spinose surface of leaves and perianths. This new addition brings the total number of New Zealand Stolonivector species to six, four of which are endemic.
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Riccia (Ricciaceae) is a widespread, cosmopolitan genus of thalloid liverworts. Here we document the presence of R. cavernosa Hoffm. in New Zealand for the first time. A full description based on New ...Zealand specimens is provided. Riccia cavernosa was discovered in New Zealand in February 2016 growing on the margins of a series of artificial wetlands constructed to aid in the recovery of a threatened endemic wading bird (Himantopus novaezelandiae). Following a review of the status of R. cavernosa in New Zealand we conclude that the species is most likely a recent natural, long distance trans-Tasman wind-dispersed arrival from Australia where the species is locally common. The discovery increases the number of Riccia reported from New Zealand from 10 to 11. Prior to the discovery of R. cavernosa, only four of the 10 Riccia recorded from New Zealand were considered indigenous. The conservation status of R. cavernosa is briefly discussed and a provisional assessment of 'Threatened/Nationally Critical' assigned to the species using the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
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3.
The onset of plasticity in nanoscale contact loading Jayaweera, N.B; Downes, J.R; Frogley, M.D ...
Proceedings of the Royal Society. A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences,
08/2003, Volume:
459, Issue:
2036
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We report studies of strained-layer semiconductor superlattice structures under nanoindentation. Coherency strain reduces the yield stress at room temperature, from 6 GPa in unstrained material to 3 ...GPa in the most highly strained structures. The dependence of the yield stress on the design parameters of the superlattice structures shows that the onset of plastic deformation under an inhomogeneous stress is a cooperative process that takes place simultaneously across a finite volume more than 150 nm across. In this way, we demonstrate a new yield criterion, of which the key feature is that it is to be averaged over a finite volume. This provides a natural explanation of the indentation-hardness size effect.
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