GM_PHD (Gaussian mixture of probability hypothesis density) cannot completely track multiple targets, such as the flying birds in the complex low-altitude airspace near the airport, due to the lack ...of the steps of birth detection, track extraction and death detection. A new algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, which mainly contributes to the following three aspects. First, the k-nearest neighbour algorithm is used to detect the birth of bird targets from measurements which is necessary to construct the birth intensity function. Second, the clustering algorithm is introduced into the probability hypothesis density filter framework to extract the bird targets’ tracks from the filtering results. Third, an algorithm is added to detect the death of bird targets for better tracking. The Gaussian mixture implementation of the algorithm denoted as BT_GM_PHD (Bird Tracking GM_PHD) is presented. The test results on simulation and ground-truth data show that the proposed BT_GM_PHD algorithm can effectively track the multiple flying bird targets in the complex low-altitude airspace near the airport, outperforming the GM_PHD filter.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Combined effects of K1, K2,V1, V2, R*c1 and R*c2 are considered.•ETC is largely independent of R*c1/R*c2 when the R*c1 + R*c2 is less than 10−4.•ETC is not affected by the TC of filler-1 when K1 ...exceeds a critical value of 103.•The effect of Rc on ETC is influenced by K.•For each sum of Rc, there exists a critical value of R*c1/R*c2.
There has been significant interest in enhancing the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of polymer by incorporating spherical hybrid fillers. However, the effect of interface thermal resistance (Rc) on the ETC of composites has not been investigated. In this paper, this effect is investigated. Meanwhile, the combined effects of filler thermal conductivities (K1, K2), filler sizes (V1, V2), the Rc sum (R*c1 + R*c2) and the Rc ratio (R*c1/R*c2) are also considered. The results show that for a given K1, K2 and R*c1 + R*c2, the ETC is largely independent of R*c1/R*c2 when the R*c1 + R*c2 is less than 10−4. However, when the R*c1/R*c2 ranges from 10−2 to 10, the competing effects of hybrid fillers Rc have a significant effect on the ETC. The ETC is not affected by the TC of filler-1 when K1 exceeds a critical value of 103, instead becoming dependent on K2. For each sum of Rc, there exists a critical value of R*c1/R*c2 where the ETC reaches its nadir, this critical value is influenced by the R*c1 + R*c2, V and K of two fillers. The Rc of fillers with high K is <10−2, it is not feasible to improve the ETC by continuing to reduce its Rc, this value is 10−4 for fillers with low K.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The thermal conductivity of composite with core-shell fillers is very important for the application in the field of heat dissipation. Thermal contact resistances (R⁎c,c-s, R⁎c,s-m) are the key ...factors in improving the thermal conductivity (k⁎eff) of composite. However, the effects of R⁎c,c-s and R⁎c,s-m on k⁎eff are rarely considered in the previous studies. In this work, these combined effects and other parameters such as TC ratios (Kc/Ks) and volume fraction (VF) ratio (Vc/Vs) of the core-shell filler are investigated. The results show that R⁎c,s-m = 10−2 is a threshold value on the k⁎eff. When R⁎c,s-m is lower than 10−2, the k⁎eff has very little relationship to the R⁎c,s-m but increases with VF and TC of filler core and shell. However, when R⁎c,s-m exceeds 10−2, the k⁎eff decreases sharply with R⁎c,s-m, and the effect of the VF and TC on the k⁎eff is not significant. Furthermore, the k⁎eff is independent of R⁎c,c-s when R⁎c,c-s < 10−2 or R⁎c,s-m > 0.4. The k⁎eff decreases sharply as R⁎c,s-m increases when R⁎c,s-m is <0.4, and the decrease slows down when R⁎c,s-m exceeds 0.4. Meanwhile, the threshold value of Ks is 500 on the k⁎eff. The proposed model for predicting the k⁎eff has higher accuracy compared to previous models.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have broad application potential for the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their small size, low cost, and flexible control. At present, the main positioning method for ...UAVs is the use of GPS. However, GPS positioning may be affected by stronger electromagnetic signals from spoofing attacks. In this study, a radar-assisted positioning method based on 5G millimeter waves is proposed. In 5G end-to-end network slices, the rotors of UAVs can be detected and identified by deploying 5G millimeter wave radar. High-resolution range profile (HRRP) is used to obtain the UAV location in the detection zone. Micro-Doppler characteristics are used to identify the UAVs and the cepstrum method is used to extract the number and speed information of the UAV rotor. The sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) parameter optimization method is used to separate multiple UAVs. The proposed method provides information on the number of UAVs, the position of the UAV, the number of rotors, and the rotation speed of each rotor. The simulation results show that the proposed radar detection method is well suited for UAV detection and identification and provides a valid GPS-independent method for UAV tracking.
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a common malignancy with high heterogeneity. A reasonable molecular subtyping can facilitate biological study and personalized therapy of BLCA. In this study, ...unsupervised consensus clustering was used to acquire the molecular subtypes of BLCA based on messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) data. Gene signature markers and canonical signaling pathways were compared between different subtypes. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for the functional annotation of overexpressed genes in different subtypes for Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three molecular subtypes were identified including C1 (luminal‐P53 like), C2 (luminal‐other), and C3 (basal‐immune‐squamous). C2 was different from C1 and C3 in clinical characteristics, including younger, better prognosis, and a higher proportion of papillary, Asian, low‐grade, early‐stage, lymph node negative, and complete remission patients (P < 0.05). Three molecular subtypes also showed distinct mRNA and miRNA expression patterns. luminal and P53‐like markers were highly expressed in subtype C1, luminal markers were highly expressed in subtype C2, and basal, EMT/claudin‐low, immune and squamous‐differentiation markers were highly expressed in subtype C3. In addition, highly expressed genes in C1 were involved in extracellular signal transduction and cell‐cell interaction, highly expressed genes in C2 were associated with oxygen transport, energy and steroid metabolism, and highly expressed genes in C3 were related with inflammatory, immune, cytokine, and signal transduction. BLCA in different molecular subtypes showed different clinical and molecular characteristics and personalized therapy needed to be adopted according to the molecular subtypes.
Three molecular subtypes were identified including C1 (luminal‐P53 like), C2 (luminal‐other), and C3 (basal‐immune‐squamous). C2 was different from C1 and C3 in clinical characteristics, including smaller age, better prognosis and higher proportion of papillary, Asian, low‐grade, early‐stage, lymph node negative, and complete remission patients (P < 0.05). Three molecular subtypes also showed distinct messenger RNA and microRNA expression pattern.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), also called drones, have drawn the attention of researchers owing to its flexibility, threatening and enormous application value. The construction of 5G network ...brings a new direction of detecting, identifying, and managing UAVs based on the native cloud architecture. In 5G end-to-end network slices, rotor UAVs are detected and identified by deploying 5G millimeter waves and using a joint algorithm, the improved short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and based on Bessel function base. For one-rotor UAV, the use of STFT following conjugation of sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) radar echo data based on millimeter wave doubles the recognition effect compared with the unconjugated processing. For multi-rotors UAV, the number of rotors and the length and rotational speed of each rotor are effectively identified through projection on the SFM data and the introduction of k order Bessel function. According to the results of automatic identification of UAVs by 5G native cloud architecture, the high bandwidth and low delay of 5G network provide a reliable basis for the resolution. Because of good robustness of the Bessel function, it provides an effective solution for the detection, identification and management of UAVs by 5G millimeter wave radar.
This paper proposed a method based on vector cancellation to evaluate the scattering of surface defect. This method regards the carrier as a part of target background and subtracts it from the total ...vector field, which eliminates the influence of carrier scattering. RCS got from calculation and measurement showed that the scattering of the carrier had been greatly reduced and the accuracy of the defective target is effectively improved. This method solved the problem of the conventional evaluation method which suffering the influence of carrier for defect target. With this method, except the measurement accuracy improvement, the model cost can be significantly reduced because a very low scattering carrier is no more needed.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in fifth-generation (5G) and the Internet of Things (IoT) because they can carry devices for communications and IoT and fly in a flexible and ...controllable manner. At present, in flight control, the UAV is mainly positioned by satellite. However, it may be interfered by the strong electromagnetic deception signal. A method for UAV assisted positioning is needed. In this work, we propose a new method of using radar to position the UAV. The range resolution capability of the wideband radar is used to acquire the target position in the detection area. The time-frequency analysis method is used to analyze the micro-Doppler effect generated by the rotation of the UAV rotor, and to identify whether the detected target is a UAV. The cepstrum method is used to estimate the feature data of the UAV such as the number of rotors and the speed, then the UAV is classified by the obtained feature data. The simulation results of the number of rotors, the rotation speed of each rotor and the position of the UAV is shown in the article.
Caspase-8 （CASPS） plays a key role in apoptosis. We examined by genotyping whether the -652 six-nucleotide insertion-deletion （6N ins/del） polymorphism in the CASP8 promoter region was associated ...with prostate cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study of 406 Chinese prostate cancer patients and 408 age-matched cancerfree controls. Additionally, 23 prostate cancer tissues were analyzed for CASP8 mRNA expression. We found a significantly decreased prostate cancer risk for the 6N ins/del genotype adjusted odds ratio （OR）=0.68; 95% confidence interval （C/）=0.51-0.92 and del/del genotype （OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.19-0.63） compared with the ins/ins genotype. The 6N del allele was associated dose-dependently with decreased prostate cancer risk （Ptrend = 0.001）. RT-PCR showed that individuals with the 6N del allele had lower CASP8 mRNA levels than those with the ins/ ins genotype （P = 0.024）. These findings suggested that the CASPS-652 6N ins/del polymorphism may affect the susceptibility to prostate cancer and reduce prostate cancer risk among Chinese men.
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GEOZS, NUK, OILJ, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Inflammation-induced autophagy is a double-edged sword. Dysfunction of autophagy impairs the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells and enhances inflammation-induced bone loss. Tooth ...extraction with periodontal and/or endodontic lesions exacerbates horizontal and vertical resorption of alveolar bone during the healing period. Alveolar socket preservation (ASP) procedure following tooth extraction has important clinical implications for future prosthodontic treatments. Studies have shown that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have significant anti-inflammatory effects and participate in autophagy. However, whether EETs can minimize alveolar bone resorption and contribute to ASP by regulating autophagy levels under inflammatory conditions remain elusive. Here, we figured out that LPS-induced inflammatory conditions increased the inflammatory cytokine and inhibited osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and led to excessive autophagy of hDPSCs. Moreover, we identified that increased EETs levels using TPPU, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, reversed these negative outcomes. We further demonstrated the potential of TPPU to promote early healing of extraction sockets and ASP, and speculated that it was related to autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that targeting inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase using TPPU plays a protective role in the differentiation and autophagy of mesenchymal stem cells and provides potential feasibility for applying TPPU for ASP, especially under inflammatory conditions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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