PurposeTo investigate the relationship between biomechanical glaucoma factor (BGF) measured with Corvis ST and glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression, compared to corneal hysteresis (CH) measured ...with ocular response analyzer using a longitudinal dataset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The discriminative powers of BGF and CH were also compared using a cross-sectional dataset. MethodsThe longitudinal dataset included 166 POAG eyes. The rate of VF change during the follow-up period was evaluated using the mean of 52 pointwise total deviations in the Humphrey 24-2 field test. Variables associated with the VF progression rate were identified from BGF, CH, age, baseline VF severity, and intraocular pressure during the VF follow-up period by identifying the optimal model. The cross-sectional dataset included 68 POAG eyes and 68 healthy eyes. Using this dataset, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver-operating curve were compared between CH and BGF. ResultsThe optimal multivariate linear mixed model to describe the VF rate included age and CH, but not BGF. Between POAG and healthy eyes, CH was statistically different (P < 0.001), although this was not the case with BGF. The AUC values were 0.61 and 0.71 for BGF and CH, respectively (P = 0.027). ConclusionsCH, but not BGF, was associated with VF progression in POAG patients under treatment. BGF was not useful to discriminate POAG between treated and normal eyes.
Abstract Purpose To validate the usefulness of the 'Random Forests’ classifier to diagnose early glaucoma with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Method Design: Comparison of ...diagnostic algorithms Setting: multiple institutional practice Study participants Training dataset included 94 eyes of 94 open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients and 84 eyes of 84 normal subjects and testing dataset included 114 eyes of 114 OAG patients and 82 eyes of 82 normal subjects. In both groups, OAG eyes with mean deviation (MD) values better than -5.0 dB were included. Observation Procedure Using the training dataset, classifiers were built to discriminate between glaucoma and normal eyes using 84 OCT measurements using Random Forests method, multiple logistic regression models based on backward or bidirectional stepwise model selection, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) model, and a Ridge regression model. Main Outcome Measures diagnostic accuracy Result With the testing data, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) with the Random Forests method (93.0 %) was significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those with other models of the stepwise model selections (71.9 %), LASSO model (89.6 %) and Ridge model (89.2 %). Conclusion It is useful to analyze multiple SD-OCT parameters concurrently using the Random Forests method to diagnose glaucoma in early stage.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
To investigate the association between visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) and its reproducibility in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
The study cohort comprised 227 eyes of 227 patients ...with RP. The reproducibility of two Humphrey VF tests (10-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm SITA tests) performed within a period of 3 months was calculated using the root mean squared error (RMSE) of each VF test point's sensitivity. The association between the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA and VF sensitivity was investigated. Additionally, the relationship between RMSE and age, fixation loss, false positives, false negatives, and logMAR VA was determined.
The association between visual sensitivity and VA was most tight at the fovea, and it became weak toward the peripheral region in an eccentric manner. VF reproducibility appreciably increased as VA decreased. In particular, reproducibility was significantly decreased when logMAR VA was >0.5 compared with logMAR VA ≤ 0.
Reproducibility of VF tests decreases with a decrease in VA. Careful consideration is necessary when a patient's logMAR VA is >0.5.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The accuracy of pattern deviation (PD) in estimating the damage to the glaucomatous visual field (VF) in the central 10° in eyes with glaucoma and cataract is unclear.
This retrospective study ...includes 63 eyes of 52 glaucoma patients who successfully underwent cataract surgery or cataract surgery plus iStent implantation. Using the Humphrey Field Analyser 10-2 test, VF was measured within 6 months preoperatively and postoperatively (VF
and VF
, respectively). The mean total deviation values in VF
(mTD
) indicates glaucomatous damage without cataract and the difference between this value and mean PD values in VF
(mPD
) was evaluated (εmPD). The effect of cataract was then evaluated as the difference between mTD
and mTD
(ΔmTD), while the effects of mTD
and ΔmTD on εmPD were also assessed. In addition, based on preoperative visual acuity (VA
) and VF
, the optimal model for predicting mTD
was identified. The error of this method (εOptimalModel) was estimated as the difference against mTD
, which was compared with εmPD.
Compared with mTD
, there was a significant improvement in mTD
(p=0.028). A significant difference was observed between mPD
and mTD
(p<0.001). Further, εmPD significantly increased with the increase of mTD
or ΔmTD (p<0.001 and p=0.0444, respectively). The absolute εOptimalModel was significantly smaller than the absolute εmPD (p<0.001).
This study warns clinicians that PD of the central 10° VF might underestimate the glaucomatous VF damage with the progression of glaucoma and overestimate it as a cataract progresses.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of visual field (VF) loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
Four hundred forty eyes of 282 patients ...with POAG (aged 53.4 ± 12.0: mean ± standard deviation, years) and 79 eyes of 49 patients with PACG (aged 62.7 ± 9.0 years) with at least six or more reliable VF tests were studied. Point-wise, region-wise, and global rates of VF change were assessed for POAG and PACG eyes. Only the VF records prior to laser iridotomy or cataract surgery were included in PACG eyes. The global and superior-inferior asymmetric rates of VF loss were compared between POAG and PACG eyes.
The mean total deviation (mTD) values at baseline were -6.4 ± 5.7 dB in POAG patients and -6.4 ± 7.3 dB in PACG patients. There was not a significant difference in the progression rates of mTD between POAG eyes (-0.23 ± 0.38 dB/y) and PACG eyes (-0.29 ± 0.45 dB/y). In POAG eyes, the VF progression rate was significantly asymmetric across the horizontal line; the central, paracentral, and peripheral arcuate 2 regions in the superior hemifield had a significantly faster rate of VF loss than their inferior counterparts. In contrast, this asymmetry was not observed in the rate of VF loss in PACG eyes.
POAG eyes showed a faster rate of VF loss in the superior hemifield compared to in the inferior hemifield, particularly in central and paracentral regions. This difference was not observed in PACG eyes.
PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of corneal hysteresis (CH) measured with Ocular Response Analyzer on the progression of glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
MATERIALS ...AND METHODS:Twenty-four eyes of 19 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy. A series of visual fields (Humphery Field Analyzer 24-2 SITA-standard) were measured starting after 6 months after trabeculectomy (4.2±5.0 y, mean±SD). The mean total deviation (mTD) of the 52 test points were calculated. In addition, the mTD was divided into the following areascentral area (within central 10 degrees), superior area and inferior areamTDcentre, mTDsuperior, and mTDinferior, respectively. The relationship between each area’s progression rate of mTD and the 7 variables of baseline age, central corneal thickness, baseline mTD, mean intraocular pressure (IOP), SD of IOP divided by the mean IOP, the difference between baseline IOP obtained before the initiation of any treatment, mean IOP, and CH were analyzed using the linear mixed model, and the optimal model was selected using the model selection method with the second ordered Akaike Information Criterion.
RESULTS:In the optimal model for mTD progression rate, only CH was selected with the coefficient of 0.11. The optimal model for the mTDcentre progression rate included mean IOP with the coefficient of −0.043 and CH with the coefficient of 0.12, and that for mTDinferior included only CH with the coefficient of 0.089. There was no variable selected in the optimal model for the mTDsuperior progression rate.
CONCLUSION:CH is a useful measure in the management of glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
To compare structure-function relationships based on the Drasdo and Sjöstrand retinal ganglion cell displacement models.
Single eyes from 305 patients with glaucoma and 55 heathy participants were ...included in this multicenter, cross-sectional study. The ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Visual field measurements were performed using the Humphrey 10-2 test. All A-scan pixels (128 × 512 pixels) were allocated to the closest 10-2 location with both displacement models using degree and millimeter scales. Structure-function relationships were investigated between GCIPL thickness and corresponding visual sensitivity in nonlong (160 eyes) and long (200 eyes) axial length (AL) groups.
In both the nonlong and long AL groups, compared with the no-displacement model, both the Drasdo and the Sjöstrand models showed that the structure-function relationship around the fovea improved (P < 0.05). The magnitude of improvement in the area was either comparable between the model or was larger for the Drasdo model than the Sjöstrand model (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, structure-function relationships outside the innermost retinal region that were based on the Drasdo and Sjöstrand models were comparable to or were even worse than (in the case of the Drasdo model) those obtained using the no-displacement model.
Structure-function relationships evaluated based on both the Drasdo and Sjöstrand models significantly improved around the fovea, particularly when using the Drasdo model. This was not the case in other areas.
A new ursane-type triterpene, named as cheiranthic acid (1), was isolated from the MeOH extract of whole plants of Oenothera cheiranthifolia (Onagraceae) along with an isomeric pair of known ...oleanane- and ursane-type triterpenes (arjunolic acid and asiatic acid) and three flavonol glucuronide analogues (quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, its n-butyl ester, and myricetin 3-O-glucuronide). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence.
To investigate the usefulness of data augmentation in visual field (VF) trend analyses in patients with glaucoma.
This study included 6380 VFs from 638 eyes of 417 patients with open-angle glaucoma. ...Various affine transformations were applied to augment the VF data: (1) rotation, (2) scaling, (3) vertical and horizontal shift and (4) a combination of these different transformations. Using pointwise linear regression (PLR), the total deviation (TD) values of a patient's 10th VF were predicted using TD values from shorter VF series (from first to third VFs (VF1-3) to first to ninth VFs (VF1-9)) with and without VF data augmentation, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) was calculated.
With PLR, mean RMSE without VF augmentation averaged from 3.95 (VF1-3) to 19.01 (VF1-9) dB. The RMSE was significantly improved by applying the different transformations: (1) rotation (from VF1-3 to VF1-7), (2) scaling (from VF1-3 to VF1-6), (3) vertical and horizontal shifts (from VF1-3 to VF1-4) and (iv) a combination of these (from VF1-3 to VF1-7). Progression rates in VF1-10 had better agreement with those in shorter VF series when a combination of affine transformation was applied. The differences in rates were between 1.9 (VF1-3) and 0.39 (VF1-9) dB if augmentation was used, which was significantly smaller than that observed when augmentation was not applied (from 2.6 with VF1-3 to 0.26 dB with VF1-9).
It is useful to apply VF data augmentation techniques when predicting future VF progression in glaucoma using PLR, especially with short VF series.
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